Blessing Mberu
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 305648 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Blessing Mberu |
| NOMBRES | Blessing |
| APELLIDO | Mberu |
| FIRMA | MBERU B |
| AFILIACIONES | African Population and Health Research Center |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6188-196X |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 48 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 179 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 48 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2005 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Gender equality and quality of life must be central to the design and delivery of sanitation
box Sanitation is critical to improving quality of life and gender equality
The nexus of the risk of depression and residential mobility for urban poor mothers
Introduction: In Africa, the nexus between mental well-being and residential mobility is understudied, especially in urban settings. World Health Organization estimates show that the African continent, as a whole, has some of the world's highest rates of postpartum depressive disorders. Understanding how residential mobility shapes the risk of depression among urban poor mothers in African contexts is of high importance to public health, given th…
Health inequalities at the intersection of multiple social determinants among under five children residing Nairobi urban slums
In this analysis we examine through an intersectionality lens how key social determinants of health (SDOH) are associated with health conditions among under-five children (
Spatial–Temporal Patterns in the Enteric Pathogen Contamination of Soil in the Public Environments of Low- and Middle-Income Neighborhoods in Nairobi, Kenya
Public spaces in countries with limited societal development can be contaminated with feces containing pathogenic microbes from animals and people. Data on contamination levels, spatial distribution, and the diversity of enteric pathogens in the public settings of low- and middle-income neighborhoods are crucial for devising strategies that minimize the enteric infection burden. The objective of this study was to compare spatial-temporal differen…
Progress in Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health in Cities in Sub-Saharan Africa
Co-creation and self-evaluation
Background: Accountability strategies are expected to enhance access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) service delivery in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). Conventional formal social accountability mechanisms (SAMs) for WASH service delivery have been inadequate to meet the needs of residents in informal settlements in LMICs. This has prompted growing interest in alternative informal SAMs (iSAMs) in Nairobi's informal settlements. To…
Voices and challenges of marginalized and vulnerable groups in urban informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya
Urbanization is rapidly increasing across Africa, including in Nairobi, Kenya. Many people, recent migrants and long-term residents, live within dense and dynamic urban informal settlements. These contexts are fluid and heterogeneous, and deepening the understanding of how vulnerabilities and marginalization are experienced is important to inform pointed action, service delivery and policy priorities. The aim of this paper is to explore vulnerabi…
Community advisory committee as a facilitator of health and wellbeing
Introduction: A range of community engagement initiatives to advance health and wellbeing are currently taking place in informal settlements in low and middle income countries (LMICs), including community and stakeholder meetings, use of radio, film, TV programs and other information, education and communication materials (IECs) organized by different stakeholders. While these initiatives tend to focus on unidirectional flow of information to com…
Complementarity of formal and informal actors and their networks in support of vulnerable populations in informal settlements
Introduction: Beyond several interests and speculations on the relationship between formal and informal actors and their networks in support of vulnerable populations, most studies do not conclusively establish whether the two types of support are substitutes or complements. While informal care and formal care may be substitutes in general, they are complements among the vulnerable groups. Despite how some studies have described complementarity, …
Psychosocial support during the Covid-19 pandemic in informal settlements
The Covid-19 pandemic has placed a significant burden on psychosocial health and wellbeing of childcare providers. The need to support childcare managers has been recognized. However, there is to date little research specifically on how best to support the mental health needs of childcare providers, and no studies on their own experiences and views about what might be most helpful. We set out to address this research gap by qualitatively explorin…
Informal social accountability mechanisms for water sanitation and hygiene (Wash) in childcare centres in Nairobi City County's informal settlements
Social accountability for water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services is a critical component to realising child rights to WASH services by the urban poor, more so in childcare centres. Despite the existence of discrete social accountability mechanisms (SAMs) in informal settlements, informal SAMs rarely form part of strategic approaches to addressing social accountability challenges in access to WASH services in childcare centres. The main obj…
Characterization of Healthy Housing in Africa
Housing is a key social determinant of health with implications for both physical and mental health. The measurement of healthy housing and studies characterizing the same in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are uncommon. This study described a methodological approach employed in the assessment and characterization of healthy housing in SSA using the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data for 15 countries and explored healthy housing determinants using…
Fecal Sludge Management in Low Income Settlements
Introduction: In order to meet the sustainable development goals targets of sanitation, countries aim to increase access to safely managed sanitation services for its citizens. Safely managed sanitation services refers to improved sanitation technologies that are not shared with other households and where excreta is treated and disposed; or stored, transported and treated off-site. In most Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, on-site sanitation fa…
Analysis of OpenStreetMap Data Quality at Different Stages of a Participatory Mapping Process
This paper examines OpenStreetMap data quality at different stages of a participatory mapping process in seven slums in Africa and Asia. Data were drawn from an OpenStreetMap-based participatory mapping process developed as part of a research project focusing on understanding inequalities in healthcare access of slum residents in the Global South. Descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis were employed to examine the following research ques…
Housing as a Social Determinant of Health
Data, Social Determinants, and Better Decision-making for Health
Impact of the societal response to Covid-19 on access to healthcare for non-Covid-19 health issues in slum communities of Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria and Pakistan
INTRODUCTION: With COVID-19, there is urgency for policymakers to understand and respond to the health needs of slum communities. Lockdowns for pandemic control have health, social and economic consequences. We consider access to healthcare before and during COVID-19 with those working and living in slum communities. METHODS: In seven slums in Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria and Pakistan, we explored stakeholder perspectives and experiences of healthc…
How to prevent and address safeguarding concerns in global health research programmes
Safeguarding is rapidly rising up the international development agenda, yet literature on safeguarding in related research is limited. This paper shares processes and practice relating to safeguarding within an international research consortium (the ARISE hub, known as ARISE). ARISE aims to enhance accountability and improve the health and well-being of marginalised people living and working in informal urban spaces in low-income and middle-incom…
Slum Health
The informal settlements of the Global South are the least prepared for the pandemic of COVID-19 since basic needs such as water, toilets, sewers, drainage, waste collection, and secure and adequate housing are already in short supply or non-existent. Further, space constraints, violence, and overcrowding in slums make physical distancing and self-quarantine impractical, and the rapid spread of an infection highly likely. Residents of informal se…
Nutrition transition, overweight and obesity among rural-to-urban migrant women in Kenya
Objective: To assess the effect of rural-to-urban migration on nutrition transition and overweight/obesity risk among women in Kenya. Design: Secondary analysis of data from nationally representative cross-sectional samples. Outcome variables were women’s BMI and nutrition transition. Nutrition transition was based on fifteen different household food groups and was adjusted for socio-economic and demographic characteristics. Stepwise backward mul…
A spectrum of methods for a spectrum of risk
Many African towns and cities face a range of hazards, which can best be described as representing a “spectrum of risk” of events that can cause death, illness or injury, and impoverishment. Yet despite the growing numbers of people living in African urban centres, the extent and relative severity of these different risks is poorly understood. This paper provides a rationale for using a spectrum of methods to address this spectrum of risk, and de…
Improving the health and welfare of people who live in slums
The history, geography, and sociology of slums and the health problems of people who live in slums
Differential effects of dietary diversity and maternal characteristics on linear growth of children aged 6–59 months in sub-Saharan Africa
Objective To investigate the differential effects of dietary diversity (DD) and maternal characteristics on child linear growth at different points of the conditional distribution of height-for-age Z -score (HAZ) in sub-Saharan Africa. Design Secondary analysis of data from nationally representative cross-sectional samples of singleton children aged 0–59 months, born to mothers aged 15–49 years. The outcome variable was child HAZ. Quantile regres…
An assessment of the evolution of Kenya’s solid waste management policies and their implementation in Nairobi and Mombasa
This paper provides a summary of the priorities and strategies stipulated by the major solid waste management (SWM) policies in Kenya. It also provides a brief assessment of their implementation in Nairobi and Mombasa, drawing on data from a 2016 community-based study. We found that SWM policies have evolved to specificity in terms of focus, functions and scope. There was a shift from criminalizing solid waste action or inaction to promoting good…
Slum Health
The informal settlements of the Global South are the least prepared for the pandemic of COVID-19 since basic needs such as water, toilets, sewers, drainage, waste collection, and secure and adequate housing are already in short supply or non-existent. Further, space constraints, violence, and overcrowding in slums make physical distancing and self-quarantine impractical, and the rapid spread of an infection highly likely. Residents of informal se…
Internal migration and household living conditions in Ethiopia
Using the 1998 Migration, Gender and Health Survey in Five Regions of Ethiopia, and multivariate regression techniques, this paper examines the relationship between internal migration and household living conditions. The analysis finds significant livi
Vulnerability to Food Insecurity in Urban Slums
Food and nutrition security is critical for economic development due to the role of nutrition in healthy growth and human capital development. Slum residents, already grossly affected by chronic poverty, are highly vulnerable to different forms of shocks, including those arising from political instability. This study describes the food security situation among slum residents in Nairobi, with specific focus on vulnerability associated with the 200…
Family Ties and Urban–Rural Linkages among Older Migrants in Nairobi Informal Settlements
Building on African migration as a household survival strategy; urban–rural linkages as critical for migrants' continued engagement with origin communities; reintegration in case of return; and safety net for supplementing precarious urban incomes; we examine the role of family ties in rural origin linkages among 1,693 older migrants living in Nairobi informal settlements. Despite the grim of slum residence, 80% of older migrants in Nairobi slums…
Who moves and who stays? Rural out-migration in Nigeria
Disaster risk and its reduction
Populations and assets, in African cities, small and large, are among the most vulnerable to disaster risk globally. Climate change and demographic shifts add urgency and uncertainty. This paper outlines priorities for research responding to this challenge. We argue for integrative approaches that can capture multi-hazard risk and include hazards from across the spectrum of everyday to catastrophic, and their interactions. For such approaches to …
Migration Experience and Premarital Sexual Initiation in Urban Kenya
Migration during the formative adolescent years can affect important life‐course transitions, including the initiation of sexual activity. In this study, we use life history calendar data to investigate the relationship between changes in residence and timing of premarital sexual debut among young people in urban Kenya. By age 18, 64 percent of respondents had initiated premarital sex, and 45 percent had moved at least once between the ages of 12…
Internal migration and health
Social Exchange and Sexual Behavior in Young Women's Premarital Relationships in Kenya
Transactional sex, or the exchange of money and gifts for sexual activities within nonmarital relationships, has been widely considered a contributing factor to the disproportionate prevalence of HIV/AIDS among young women in sub-Saharan Africa. This study applied social exchange theory to premarital relationships in order to investigate the linkages between a variety of young women's resources-including employment and material transfers from mal…
Internal Migration and Early Life Mortality in Kenya and Nigeria
Building on evidence of the vulnerability of migrants to disadvantages in morbidity and mortality, we examine the relationships between internal migration and early life mortality. We apply the Cox‐proportional hazards model on the nationally representative data from the 2008 Demographic and Health Surveys in Kenya and Nigeria to predict the hazard of dying between birth and age 14. We find more deaths in Nigeria than Kenya, with the highest mort…
Household Structure and Living Conditions in Nigeria
Data on 7,632 households from the 1999 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey are used to examine household structure and living conditions in Nigeria. The study finds significant disadvantage in living conditions of single-adult, female- and single-adult, male-headed households relative to two-parent households. Extended households show no significant advantage in living conditions over two-parent households if headed by women but are consistentl…
An assessment of the evolution of Kenya’s solid waste management policies and their implementation in Nairobi and Mombasa
This paper provides a summary of the priorities and strategies stipulated by the major solid waste management (SWM) policies in Kenya. It also provides a brief assessment of their implementation in Nairobi and Mombasa, drawing on data from a 2016 community-based study. We found that SWM policies have evolved to specificity in terms of focus, functions and scope. There was a shift from criminalizing solid waste action or inaction to promoting good…
Changes in Use of Family Planning among the Urban Poor
As urbanization continues unabated in Kenya, the wellbeing of the urban poor - whose majority live in slum settlements - will increasingly drive national development indicators including Vision 2030, SDGs and FP2020 goals. It is therefore central to understand and identify ways to address the poor reproductive health outcomes among poor urban slum populations in the country. Taking advantage of APHRC's NCSS surveys conducted in 2000 and 2012 amon…
Understanding Inequities in Child Vaccination Rates among the Urban Poor
Studies on informal settlements in sub-Saharan Africa have questioned the health benefits of urban residence, but this should not suggest that informal settlements (within cities and across cities and/or countries) are homogeneous. They vary in terms of poverty, pollution, overcrowding, criminality, and social exclusion. Moreover, while some informal settlements completely lack public services, others have access to health facilities, sewers, run…
Housing as a Social Determinant of Health
Data, Social Determinants, and Better Decision-making for Health
Ethnic Inequality
We study the causes of inequality in human capital accumulation across ethnic and religious groups. An overlapping generations model in which agents decide how much time to invest in human capital versus ethnic capital shows that the demand for human capital is affected positively by parental and group’s older cohort human capital and negatively by group size. Two ex ante identical groups may diverge in human capital accumulation, with the diverg…
Trends in Causes of Adult Deaths among the Urban Poor
Crossing Boundaries
Internal and international migration increasingly continues to be of global importance for development policies and programmes, but the dearth of data on migration for African countries and the limited focus on the structural conditions that motivate migration from specific localities within the region remain glaring. In this study, we examine the patterns and drivers of migration in Cameroon, focusing on the dynamics of rural–urban migration, mi…
Informal social accountability mechanisms for water sanitation and hygiene (Wash) in childcare centres in Nairobi City County's informal settlements
Social accountability for water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services is a critical component to realising child rights to WASH services by the urban poor, more so in childcare centres. Despite the existence of discrete social accountability mechanisms (SAMs) in informal settlements, informal SAMs rarely form part of strategic approaches to addressing social accountability challenges in access to WASH services in childcare centres. The main obj…
Who moves and who stays? Rural out-migration in Nigeria
Internal migration and household living conditions in Ethiopia
Using the 1998 Migration, Gender and Health Survey in Five Regions of Ethiopia, and multivariate regression techniques, this paper examines the relationship between internal migration and household living conditions. The analysis finds significant livi
Household Structure and Living Conditions in Nigeria
Data on 7,632 households from the 1999 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey are used to examine household structure and living conditions in Nigeria. The study finds significant disadvantage in living conditions of single-adult, female- and single-adult, male-headed households relative to two-parent households. Extended households show no significant advantage in living conditions over two-parent households if headed by women but are consistentl…
Internal migration and health
Social Exchange and Sexual Behavior in Young Women's Premarital Relationships in Kenya
Transactional sex, or the exchange of money and gifts for sexual activities within nonmarital relationships, has been widely considered a contributing factor to the disproportionate prevalence of HIV/AIDS among young women in sub-Saharan Africa. This study applied social exchange theory to premarital relationships in order to investigate the linkages between a variety of young women's resources-including employment and material transfers from mal…
Family Ties and Urban–Rural Linkages among Older Migrants in Nairobi Informal Settlements
Building on African migration as a household survival strategy; urban–rural linkages as critical for migrants' continued engagement with origin communities; reintegration in case of return; and safety net for supplementing precarious urban incomes; we examine the role of family ties in rural origin linkages among 1,693 older migrants living in Nairobi informal settlements. Despite the grim of slum residence, 80% of older migrants in Nairobi slums…
Migration Experience and Premarital Sexual Initiation in Urban Kenya
Migration during the formative adolescent years can affect important life‐course transitions, including the initiation of sexual activity. In this study, we use life history calendar data to investigate the relationship between changes in residence and timing of premarital sexual debut among young people in urban Kenya. By age 18, 64 percent of respondents had initiated premarital sex, and 45 percent had moved at least once between the ages of 12…
Crossing Boundaries
Internal and international migration increasingly continues to be of global importance for development policies and programmes, but the dearth of data on migration for African countries and the limited focus on the structural conditions that motivate migration from specific localities within the region remain glaring. In this study, we examine the patterns and drivers of migration in Cameroon, focusing on the dynamics of rural–urban migration, mi…
Birth Spacing and Child Mortality
The majority of studies of the birth spacing–child survival relationship rely on retrospective data, which are vulnerable to errors that might bias results. The relationship is re-assessed using prospective data on 13,502 children born in two Nairobi slums between 2003 and 2009. Nearly 48% were first births. Among the remainder, short preceding intervals are common: 20% of second and higher order births were delivered within 24 months of an elder…
Bringing Sexual and Reproductive Health in the Urban Contexts to the Forefront of the Development Agenda
Estimates suggest that over 90 % of population increase in the least developed countries over the next four decades will occur in urban areas. These increases will be driven both by natural population growth and rural-urban migration. Moreover, despite its status as the world's least urbanized region, the urban population in the sub-Saharan Africa region is projected to increase from under 40 % currently to over 60 % by 2050. Currently, approxima…
Dimensions of Rural-to-Urban Migration and Premarital Pregnancy in Kenya
Rural-to-urban migration is increasingly common among youths in developing countries and could affect sexual activities with consequences for premarital pregnancies. We use life history data collected in Kisumu, Kenya, to investigate how the timing and number of rural-to-urban moves are associated with premarital pregnancy. Among sexually experienced young women aged 18 to 24 ( N = 226), 60 percent had moved at least once in the past 10 years and…
Maternal health care utilization in Nairobi and Ouagadougou
BACKGROUND: Maternal mortality is higher and skilled attendance at delivery is lower in the slums of Nairobi (Kenya) compared to Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Lower numbers of public health facilities, greater distance to facilities, and higher costs of maternal health services in Nairobi could explain these differences. OBJECTIVE: By comparing the use of maternal health care services among women with similar characteristics in the two cities, we w…
Internal Migration and Early Life Mortality in Kenya and Nigeria
Building on evidence of the vulnerability of migrants to disadvantages in morbidity and mortality, we examine the relationships between internal migration and early life mortality. We apply the Cox‐proportional hazards model on the nationally representative data from the 2008 Demographic and Health Surveys in Kenya and Nigeria to predict the hazard of dying between birth and age 14. We find more deaths in Nigeria than Kenya, with the highest mort…
Vulnerability to Food Insecurity in Urban Slums
Food and nutrition security is critical for economic development due to the role of nutrition in healthy growth and human capital development. Slum residents, already grossly affected by chronic poverty, are highly vulnerable to different forms of shocks, including those arising from political instability. This study describes the food security situation among slum residents in Nairobi, with specific focus on vulnerability associated with the 200…
Understanding Inequities in Child Vaccination Rates among the Urban Poor
Studies on informal settlements in sub-Saharan Africa have questioned the health benefits of urban residence, but this should not suggest that informal settlements (within cities and across cities and/or countries) are homogeneous. They vary in terms of poverty, pollution, overcrowding, criminality, and social exclusion. Moreover, while some informal settlements completely lack public services, others have access to health facilities, sewers, run…
Health & Demographic Surveillance System Profile
The Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) was the first urban-based longitudinal health and demographic surveillance platform in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The NUHDSS was established in 2002 to provide a platform to investigate the long-term social, economic and health consequences of urban residence, and to serve as a primary research tool for intervention and impact evaluation studies focusing on the needs of the urba…
Ethnicity, Religion, and Demographic Behavior in Nigeria
Patterns of fertility preferences and contraceptive behaviour over time
The main objective of this paper is to investigate the association between fertility preferences and contraceptive use among 15-49-year-old women living in Korogocho and Viwandani, informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. We draw on longitudinal data collected under the Maternal and Child Health project conducted between 2006 and 2010 in the two settlements. There is substantial regularity and stability but also unusual instability in reported fer…
Disaster risk and its reduction
Populations and assets, in African cities, small and large, are among the most vulnerable to disaster risk globally. Climate change and demographic shifts add urgency and uncertainty. This paper outlines priorities for research responding to this challenge. We argue for integrative approaches that can capture multi-hazard risk and include hazards from across the spectrum of everyday to catastrophic, and their interactions. For such approaches to …
Trends in Causes of Adult Deaths among the Urban Poor
Health and health-related indicators in slum, rural, and urban communities
BACKGROUND: It is generally assumed that urban slum residents have worse health status when compared with other urban populations, but better health status than their rural counterparts. This belief/assumption is often because of their physical proximity and assumed better access to health care services in urban areas. However, a few recent studies have cast doubt on this belief. Whether slum dwellers are better off, similar to, or worse off as c…
Ethnic Inequality
We study the causes of inequality in human capital accumulation across ethnic and religious groups. An overlapping generations model in which agents decide how much time to invest in human capital versus ethnic capital shows that the demand for human capital is affected positively by parental and group’s older cohort human capital and negatively by group size. Two ex ante identical groups may diverge in human capital accumulation, with the diverg…
Improving the health and welfare of people who live in slums
The history, geography, and sociology of slums and the health problems of people who live in slums
Differential effects of dietary diversity and maternal characteristics on linear growth of children aged 6–59 months in sub-Saharan Africa
Objective To investigate the differential effects of dietary diversity (DD) and maternal characteristics on child linear growth at different points of the conditional distribution of height-for-age Z -score (HAZ) in sub-Saharan Africa. Design Secondary analysis of data from nationally representative cross-sectional samples of singleton children aged 0–59 months, born to mothers aged 15–49 years. The outcome variable was child HAZ. Quantile regres…
Geography (32 obras) · Medicine (31 obras) · Sociology (29 obras) · Economic growth (28 obras) · Economics (25 obras) · Population (24 obras) · Political science (21 obras) · Environmental health (20 obras) · Socioeconomics (20 obras) · Child Nutrition and Water Access (18 obras)