Robert Mcmaster
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 306544 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Robert Mcmaster |
| NOMBRES | Robert |
| APELLIDO | Mcmaster |
| FIRMA | MCMASTER R |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Glasgow |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7114-9871 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 62 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 268 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 62 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1987 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Caring at the edges
Care is an activity vital to making the world liveable. Alternative infrastructures of care have emerged that re-centre care and repair within everyday life. These infrastructures often require more care to address care deficits and repair the social fabric of society; however, insights are limited as to the implications of demands on people and the places they reside for such extra care. Through an ethnographic study of a community food hub in a…
Understanding Social Stratification
The continual restructuring of energy systems, around the world, has generated widespread inequities—manifest as profound inequalities and hardship—across the energy continuum. These inequities include: energy unaffordability; access barriers like price or artefacts to utilise the services provided by energy for work and social practices; ‘sacrifice zones’ for new production sites with health, quality of life, and mortality impacts; and, diminish…
Visualizing Uncertainty
This chapter focuses on approaches for visualizing the uncertainty associated with thematic map displays. Three basic approaches for depicting uncertainty are introduced: (1) individual maps are shown for both an attribute and its uncertainty ( maps are adjacent ); (2) the attribute and its uncertainty are displayed on the same map (maps are coincident); and (3) dynamic displays allow users to either interact with or animate the attribute and its…
Proportional Symbol Mapping
Proportional Symbol Mapping - 4
Map Animation
Map Animation - 4
Isarithmic Mapping
Isarithmic Mapping - 4
Statistical and Graphical Foundation
Statistical and Graphical Foundation - 4
Elements of Map Projections
Elements of Map Projections - 4
Virtual Environments and Augmented Reality
Virtual Environments and Augmented Reality - 4
Map Reproduction
Map Reproduction - 4
Flow Mapping
Flow Mapping - 4
Data Exploration
Data Exploration - 4
Selecting an Appropriate Map Projection
Given the number of projection characteristics, equation parameters, and projection properties that were discussed in Chapter 8, choosing a projection for a given map purpose can be a challenging task. Often, there is no single projection that is the “best” choice for a given map purpose. Instead, the selection process should be thought of as a compromise between desired projection characteristics and properties that meet the needs of a given map…
Choropleth Mapping
Choropleth Mapping - 4
Typography
Typography - 4
Data Classification
Data Classification - 4
Principles of Color
Principles of Color - 4
Visualizing Terrain
This chapter considers approaches for symbolizing a particular type of smooth, continuous phenomenon—Earth&s;s terrain. Methods for depicting terrain can be divided into those that utilize a vertical (plan) view and those that utilize an oblique view. Methods for depicting a vertical view include hachures, contour-based methods, Raisz&s;s physiographic method, shaded relief, and various morphometric techniques (which focus on the structure of the…
Multivariate Mapping
Multivariate Mapping - 4
Cartographic Design
Cartographic Design - 4
Cartograms
Cartograms - 4
A Historical Perspective on Thematic Cartography 1
A Historical Perspective on Thematic Cartography 1 - 4
Geovisual Analytics
Geospatial analysts increasingly are finding that they must deal with very large data sets (Big Data). Interpreting Big Data requires combining our human visual processing capabilities with the analytical capabilities of computers. The result is the rapidly growing field of visual analytics, which is termed geovisual analytics when geospatial data are used. The chapter begins by considering the characteristics and limitations of Big Data, and the…
Principles of Symbolization
Principles of Symbolization - 4
Dot Mapping
Dot Mapping - 4
Evolution in Economic Geography
Economic geography has, over the past decade or so, drawn upon ideas from evolutionary economics in trying to understand processes of regional growth and change. Recently, some researchers have sought to delimit and develop an "evolutionary economic geography" (EEG), aiming to create a more systematic theoretical framework for research. This article provides a sympathetic critique and elaboration of this emergent EEG but takes issue with some asp…
Institutions, Power and Space
Economic geographers have drawn upon concepts from institutional economics and economic sociology in recent years to understand processes of regional development within an increasingly globalized economy. In this paper, we assess the influence of this institutional `turn' in economic geography and regional development studies. Two interrelated themes provide the focus of our critique. First, we emphasize the neglect of power and politics in relat…
Contesting Neoliberal Urbanism in Glasgow's Community Gardens
In this journal, it has been suggested that citizens practising community gardening “can become complicit in the construction of neoliberal hegemony”. Such hegemony is maintained, it is argued, through the day-to-day work of neoliberal citizen-subjects, which “alleviates the state from service provision”. In this paper we acknowledge that community gardens are vulnerable to neoliberal cooptation. But, even where neoliberal practices are evidenced…
The Work of Community Gardens
The growth of community gardens has become the source of much academic debate regarding their role in community empowerment in the contemporary city. In this article, we focus upon the work being done in community gardens, using gardening in Glasgow as a case study. We argue that while community gardening cannot be divorced from more regressive underlying economic and social processes accompanying neoliberal austerity policies, it does provide sp…
Doing Evolution in Economic Geography
Evolutionary approaches in economic geography face questions about the relationships between their concepts, theories, methods, politics, and policy implications. Amidst the growing but unsettled consensus that evolutionary approaches should employ plural methodologies, the aims here are, first, to identify some of the difficult issues confronting those working with different frameworks. The concerns comprise specifying and connecting research ob…
Thematic Cartography and Geovisualization
This comprehensive and well-established cartography textbook covers the theory and the practical applications of map design and the appropriate use of map elements. It explains the basic methods for visualizing and analyzing spatial data and introduces the latest cutting-edge data visualization techniques. The fourth edition responds to the extensive developments in cartography and GIS in the last decade, including the continued evolution of the …
A Geographical Political Economy of Evolution in Economic Geography
Key themes for evolution in economic geography are identified that clarify and further refine and reinforce our argument for broader conceptions of institutions, social agency, and power and for the situation of the plural and emerging field of evolutionary approaches more fully within geographical political economy. We address the following issues: conceptual and terminological clarity; evolution and institutions within and beyond the firm; agen…
Caring at the edges
Care is an activity vital to making the world liveable. Alternative infrastructures of care have emerged that re-centre care and repair within everyday life. These infrastructures often require more care to address care deficits and repair the social fabric of society; however, insights are limited as to the implications of demands on people and the places they reside for such extra care. Through an ethnographic study of a community food hub in a…
Is austerity a cause of slower improvements in mortality in high-income countries? A panel analysis
Stalled mortality trends and austerity are widespread phenomena across high-income countries. Austerity is likely to be a cause of stalled mortality trends. Governments should consider alternative economic policy approaches if these harmful population health impacts are to be avoided
A History of Twentieth-Century American Academic Cartography
The academic discipline of cartography is a twentieth-century phenomenon. From its incipient roots in landscape representation in geology and the mapping of socio-economic data in geography, it grew into its own sub-discipline with graduate programs, research paradigms, and a scientific literature of its own. It came close to establishing a national center for cartography In the late 1960s. After rather sporadic activity before World War II, the …
The Behavioural Turn in Housing Economics
This paper starts with an assumption that mainstream economics has limitations and that a behaviourally rich inter-disciplinary research programme can strengthen the field of housing studies by addressing some of these weaknesses. We note, however, that the heterogeneity of behavioural studies and, in particular, the bifurcation between ’old’ and ’new’ behavioural economics presents significant conceptual and operational challenges. We note, for …
Competitive Tendering in Uk Health and Local Authorities
This paper analyzes the effects on the quality of U.K. health and local authority services arising from the substitution of contract governance for direct provision. Empirical studies of contract provision tend to be confined to estimating cost savings. The paper assumes that transaction benefits as well production and transaction costs are pertinent to governance choice. Quality is assumed to be a benefit generated by health and local authoritie…
Reconfiguring Economic Democracy
We seek to advance debate and thinking about economic democracy. While recognising the importance of existing approaches focused upon collective bargaining and workplace organisation, we articulate a perspective that emphasises the importance of individual economic rights, capabilities and freedoms at a time when established norms and protections at work are in retreat in many parts of the world. We outline a framework where both individual right…
Socialism, knowledge, the instrumental valuation principle and the enhancement of individual dignity
Socialism is frequently associated with central planning, public ownership, anathema to markets and the emasculation of the individual. Recent market socialist contributions attempt to overcome socialism's seeming resistance to markets. However, such contributions are frequently undermined by Hayek's invocation of fragmented knowledge. This article endeavours to contribute to a broadly conceived socialism that is not grounded in a particular arra…
Glossary
As we emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increasing focus on how the economy is rebuilt and the impact this will have on population health. Many of the economic policy proposals being discussed have their own vocabulary, which is not always understood in the same way within or between disciplines. This glossary seeks to provide a common language and concise summary of the key economic terminology relevant for policymakers and public h…
Mainstream Health Economics and Dignity
Mainstream health economics conceives health care as a commodity, at least metaphorically, and also attempts to quantify health, both of which, this article contends, lead to the objectification of the individual. Consequently, the standard approach distorts the nature of health care and does not furnish a sufficient basis for the promotion of human dignity; indeed, there is much to suggest it is a source of debilitation
Rethinking public ownership and participation
Purpose This paper seeks to challenge the simplistic formulation of public ownership in terms of centralized planning and state bureaucracy. Instead, drawing on the works of Dewey and Veblen the paper aims to argue that public ownership is a critical aspect of forging progressive change through enhancing democratic participation in economic decision making. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a conceptual analysis of public ownership t…
Delineating West Nile Virus Transmission Cycles at Various Scales
Various approaches are used to identify West Nile virus (WNV) exposure areas, including unusual sightings of infected dead birds, mosquito pools or human cases both prospectively and retrospectively. A significant and largely unmet need in WNV research is to incorporate the temporal characterization of virus spread and locational information of the three components of transmission cycle-i.e., birds (reservoir), mosquitoes (vector), and humans (ho…
Automated Line Generalization
The Integration Of Simplification And Smoothing Algorithms In Line Generalization
The cartographic generalization of vector data in digital format involves six distinct processes, including simplification, smoothing, enhancement, displacement, merging, and omission. Although the research agenda has addressed each of the six elements individually, little consideration has been given to the geometric interaction of the components. This paper proposes a conceptual model, based on a sequential set of five procedures – or transform…
Introduction to ‘Numerical Generalization in Cartography’
GENERALIZATION In 1907, Dr. Max Eckert read a paper entitled, 'On the Nature of Maps and Map Logic,' before the German Geographical Meeting in Nuremberg. In this seminal paper Eckert identified two types of maps: topographic maps, also called chorographic and survey, and their antithesis, which he termed 'geographically abstract' maps. Geographically abstract maps present, in cartographic form, the results of scientific induction and deduction wh…
Competitive Tendering in Uk Health and Local Authorities
This paper analyzes the effects on the quality of U.K. health and local authority services arising from the substitution of contract governance for direct provision. Empirical studies of contract provision tend to be confined to estimating cost savings. The paper assumes that transaction benefits as well production and transaction costs are pertinent to governance choice. Quality is assumed to be a benefit generated by health and local authoritie…
Distribution, Equity and Domestic Water Charging Regimes
This paper argues that charging for a merit good, such as water, raises important distributional concerns. More direct charging is likely to demonstrate a pronounced impact on poorer sections of society. Arguably, this carries potentially adverse allocative efficiency effects. Following Hochman and Rodgers’ (1969) thesis that wealthier individuals may benefit from the redistribution of income to the poor; the regressive pricing of merit goods wil…
The State of Academic Cartography
A History of Twentieth-Century American Academic Cartography
The academic discipline of cartography is a twentieth-century phenomenon. From its incipient roots in landscape representation in geology and the mapping of socio-economic data in geography, it grew into its own sub-discipline with graduate programs, research paradigms, and a scientific literature of its own. It came close to establishing a national center for cartography In the late 1960s. After rather sporadic activity before World War II, the …
A Socio-instutionalist Critique of the 1990s' Reforms of the United Kingdom's National Health Service
This paper argues that the on-going reforms to the UK's National Health Service initiated in the 1990s represent potentially profound institutional change to the values underpinning the process of care. The market-orientation of the reforms is highlighted, and it is asserted that the theoretical rationale for this is informed by the nascent neoclassical health economics and new institutionalist literatures, which exhibit utilitarian propensities …
Introduction
There can be no doubt that health care systems throughout the world are in a state of flux. Rising health costs combined with increasing demands means that the proportion of countries' GDPs (and per capita expenditure) allocated to health care appears to be rising inexorably, prompting anguish over perceived needs to ration health care, and ensure what is taken to be efficiency in the provision of health care. Following this there is some debate …
Institutions, Power and Space
Economic geographers have drawn upon concepts from institutional economics and economic sociology in recent years to understand processes of regional development within an increasingly globalized economy. In this paper, we assess the influence of this institutional `turn' in economic geography and regional development studies. Two interrelated themes provide the focus of our critique. First, we emphasize the neglect of power and politics in relat…
Market and Society
Pre-Modern Russia and Its World
Evolution in Economic Geography
Economic geography has, over the past decade or so, drawn upon ideas from evolutionary economics in trying to understand processes of regional growth and change. Recently, some researchers have sought to delimit and develop an "evolutionary economic geography" (EEG), aiming to create a more systematic theoretical framework for research. This article provides a sympathetic critique and elaboration of this emergent EEG but takes issue with some asp…
A Geographical Political Economy of Evolution in Economic Geography
Key themes for evolution in economic geography are identified that clarify and further refine and reinforce our argument for broader conceptions of institutions, social agency, and power and for the situation of the plural and emerging field of evolutionary approaches more fully within geographical political economy. We address the following issues: conceptual and terminological clarity; evolution and institutions within and beyond the firm; agen…
Delineating West Nile Virus Transmission Cycles at Various Scales
Various approaches are used to identify West Nile virus (WNV) exposure areas, including unusual sightings of infected dead birds, mosquito pools or human cases both prospectively and retrospectively. A significant and largely unmet need in WNV research is to incorporate the temporal characterization of virus spread and locational information of the three components of transmission cycle-i.e., birds (reservoir), mosquitoes (vector), and humans (ho…
Socialism, knowledge, the instrumental valuation principle and the enhancement of individual dignity
Socialism is frequently associated with central planning, public ownership, anathema to markets and the emasculation of the individual. Recent market socialist contributions attempt to overcome socialism's seeming resistance to markets. However, such contributions are frequently undermined by Hayek's invocation of fragmented knowledge. This article endeavours to contribute to a broadly conceived socialism that is not grounded in a particular arra…
The Behavioural Turn in Housing Economics
This paper starts with an assumption that mainstream economics has limitations and that a behaviourally rich inter-disciplinary research programme can strengthen the field of housing studies by addressing some of these weaknesses. We note, however, that the heterogeneity of behavioural studies and, in particular, the bifurcation between ’old’ and ’new’ behavioural economics presents significant conceptual and operational challenges. We note, for …
Rethinking public ownership and participation
Purpose This paper seeks to challenge the simplistic formulation of public ownership in terms of centralized planning and state bureaucracy. Instead, drawing on the works of Dewey and Veblen the paper aims to argue that public ownership is a critical aspect of forging progressive change through enhancing democratic participation in economic decision making. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a conceptual analysis of public ownership t…
Mainstream Health Economics and Dignity
Mainstream health economics conceives health care as a commodity, at least metaphorically, and also attempts to quantify health, both of which, this article contends, lead to the objectification of the individual. Consequently, the standard approach distorts the nature of health care and does not furnish a sufficient basis for the promotion of human dignity; indeed, there is much to suggest it is a source of debilitation
Places of prosumption
Prosumption encompasses acts of production and consumption, and studies on it have mostly taken a commercial focus, centred on the dominant individualistic narrative of ‘I’. This article seeks to extend debate regarding prosumption by exploring its possibilities for creating a new set of ‘we’ identities based around nature and community. It focuses on community gardens and how these places generate progressive forms of social relations that criti…
Contesting Neoliberal Urbanism in Glasgow's Community Gardens
In this journal, it has been suggested that citizens practising community gardening “can become complicit in the construction of neoliberal hegemony”. Such hegemony is maintained, it is argued, through the day-to-day work of neoliberal citizen-subjects, which “alleviates the state from service provision”. In this paper we acknowledge that community gardens are vulnerable to neoliberal cooptation. But, even where neoliberal practices are evidenced…
Doing Evolution in Economic Geography
Evolutionary approaches in economic geography face questions about the relationships between their concepts, theories, methods, politics, and policy implications. Amidst the growing but unsettled consensus that evolutionary approaches should employ plural methodologies, the aims here are, first, to identify some of the difficult issues confronting those working with different frameworks. The concerns comprise specifying and connecting research ob…
The Work of Community Gardens
The growth of community gardens has become the source of much academic debate regarding their role in community empowerment in the contemporary city. In this article, we focus upon the work being done in community gardens, using gardening in Glasgow as a case study. We argue that while community gardening cannot be divorced from more regressive underlying economic and social processes accompanying neoliberal austerity policies, it does provide sp…
Defining health and health inequalities
OBJECTIVES: To examine existing definitions of health and health inequalities and to synthesise the most useful of these using explicit rationale and the most parsimonious text. STUDY DESIGN: Literature review and synthesis. METHODS: Existing definitions of health and health inequalities were identified, and their normative properties were extracted and then critically appraised. Using explicit reasoning, new definitions, synthesising the most us…
Adaptation of the Clinical Global Impression for Use in Correctional Settings
Background: Provision of mental health care in correctional settings presents unique challenges. There is a need for a simple-to-use tool to measure severity of mental illness in correctional settings that can be used by mental health staff from different disciplines. We adapted the severity scale of the Clinical Global Impression for use in correctional settings, which we have called CGI-C, and carried out a reliability study. Method: Clinical d…
Computer Science (32 obras) · Political science (23 obras) · Sociology (20 obras) · Geography (19 obras) · Economics (18 obras) · Cartography (10 obras) · Law (10 obras) · Politics (10 obras) · Social science (10 obras) · Geographic Information Systems Studies (9 obras)