Carl F Pieper
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 332863 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Carl F Pieper |
| NOMBRES | Carl F |
| APELLIDO | Pieper |
| FIRMA | PIEPER C F |
| AFILIACIONES | Duke University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4809-1725 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 28 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 141 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 28 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1988 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Longitudinal Analysis of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Older Adults Participating in a Park-Based Fitness Program
Background: Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases, particularly among older adults. We examined changes in cardiovascular risk factors among older adults in a community-based fitness program in Miami-Dade County, FL. Methods: We used repeated measures linear mixed models to examine participants’ cardiovascular risk factor changes over 28 months. Outcomes (body mass index, blood pressure, pulse, arm/leg strength, …
Clinical readiness for essential maternal and child health services in Kenya
High rates of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in Kenya may be influenced by provider training and knowledge in emergency obstetric and neonatal care in addition to availability of supplies necessary for this care. While post-abortion care is a key aspect of life-saving maternal health care, no validated questionnaires have been published on provider clinical knowledge in this arena. Our aim was to determine provider knowledge of mat…
The Relation of Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Serum Uric Acid Using the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) 2003–2004
Objective: Gout is a crystal-induced inflammatory arthritis caused by elevated uric acid. Physical activity has the potential to reduce serum uric acid (SUA), thus improving the disease burden of gout. In this study, we examined the association of objectively-measured physical activity and SUA. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using survey, laboratory, and accelerometer data from the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examinati…
Inflammation and Coagulation as Mediators in the Relationships Between Religious Attendance and Functional Limitations in Older Adults
Relationships between attendance and function may be due in part to lower levels of inflammation and coagulation among elders who attend services
Disinhibited eating and weight-related insulin mismanagement among individuals with type 1 diabetes
Is the prevalence of dehydration among community-dwelling older adults really low? Informing current debate over the fluid recommendation for adults aged 70+years
Objective The fluid recommendation for adults aged 70+ years has been criticised on the basis of a low prevalence of dehydration in community-dwelling older adults. This study explores whether the low prevalence might reflect limitations of individual dehydration indices. Design Cross-sectional data on plasma sodium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, glucose and potassium were used to classify 1737 participants of the 1992 Established Popula…
Medication Use and Control of Urination Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Medications with UA may be related to difficulty in controlling urine among community-dwelling elderly women
Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Intervention to Implement Smoking Guidelines in Veterans Affairs Medical Centers
BACKGROUND: The AHRQ Clinical Practice Guideline for Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence recommends screening and treatment of all tobacco users. Effective methods to implement recommendations are needed because simple guideline dissemination does not necessarily result in changes in practice. OBJECTIVES: The Guideline Implementation for Tobacco (GIFT) study tested an organizational intervention to improve Guideline implementation. RESEARCH DESIG…
Competing Risk of Household Expansion or Institutionalization in Late Life
Modeling separate effects of whether there was a household expansion or institutionalization, and if so, which type of event occurred, and taking into account acute and evolving states, enabled more precise understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in determining continued community residence or institutionalization
A randomized controlled trial of the psychosocial impact of providing internet training and access to older adults
The Internet (electronic mail and the World Wide Web) may provide new opportunities for communication that can help older adults avoid social isolation. This randomized controlled trial assessed the psychosocial impact of providing Internet access to older adults over a five-month period. One hundred volunteers from four congregate housing sites and two nursing facilities were randomly assigned to receive Internet training or to a wait list contr…
Relationship Between All-Cause Mortality and Cumulative Working Life Course Psychosocial and Physical Exposures in the United States Labor Market From 1968 to 1992
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between cumulative exposures to psychosocial and physical work conditions and mortality in a nationally representative sample. METHODS: A working cohort was created using the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Information on psychosocial and physical work conditions were imputed using the Job Characteristics Scoring System exposure matrix for the period 1968 through 1991 to construct working life courses. …
Caffeine Affects Cardiovascular and Neuroendocrine Activation at Work and Home
Objective This study investigated the effects of moderate doses of caffeine on ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate, urinary excretion of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol, and subjective measures of stress during normal activities at work and at home in the evening. Methods Healthy, nonsmoking, habitual coffee drinkers (N = 47) participated in 3 days of ambulatory study. After a day of ad lib caffeine consumption, caffeine (500 mg) a…
Psychological Variables in Hypertension
OBJECTIVE: The evidence linking hypertension with personality or psychological characteristics, such as anger, anxiety, or depression, remains equivocal. This may be due in part to limitations of personality theory, confounding by awareness of hypertension, and/or inherent difficulties in measuring blood pressure. This study was designed to investigate the association between mild hypertension as defined by both ambulatory and casual (clinic) blo…
Lower Extremity Function and Subsequent Disability
BACKGROUND: Although it has been demonstrated that physical performance measures predict incident disability in previously nondisabled older persons, the available data have not been fully developed to create usable methods for determining risk profiles in community-dwelling populations. Using several populations and different follow-up periods, this study replicates previous findings by using the Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Stu…
The Effect of Race and Health-Related Factors on Naming and Memory
The racial differences found in test performance may reflect differences in cultural appropriateness of the material rather than differences in ability
Evidence for a black-white crossover in all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality in an older population
OBJECTIVES: This cohort study evaluated racial differences in mortality among Blacks and Whites 65 years and older. METHODS: A total of 4136 men and women (1875 Whites and 2261 Blacks) living in North Carolina were interviewed in 1986 and followed up for mortality until 1994. Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality were calculated, with adjustment for sociodemographic and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. RESULTS: …
Caffeine Raises Blood Pressure at Work
OBJECTIVE: The study investigated the effects of moderate doses of caffeine on ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate during workday activities. METHODS: Healthy, nonsmoking, habitual coffee drinkers (N = 21) received daily doses of 100 mg and 500 mg of caffeine on 2 days in a crossover design. Treatment order was random and counterbalanced, and administration was double-blind. Ambulatory monitoring was conducted for 6 to 9 hours during normal …
Private Health Insurance Coverage and Disability among Older Americans
The results indicate that changes in health insurance coverage as well as in individual behaviors may be needed to reduce disability generally and disability among the socioeconomically disadvantaged, in particular
Sibling Bereavement in Late Life
Elders are more likely to confront the death of a sibling than any other kinship bereavement. Yet we know almost nothing about the impact of sibling deaths on older adults. We used attachment theory to generate hypotheses about the impact of this life event on physical health, mood, social support, and economic outcomes in late life. At the Duke University site of a large multi-center epidemiologic study (EPESE), 3173 elderly community-dwellers p…
An Empirical Evaluation of the Predictive Mean Matching Method for Imputing Missing Values
This article reports empirical explorations of how well the predictive mean matching method for imputing missing data works for an often problematic variable-income-when income is used as an explanatory variable in a substantive regression model. It is found that the performance of the predictive mean method varies considerably with the predictive power of the imputation regression model and the percentage of cases with missing data on income. In…
Do Racial Differences in Hypertension Persist in Successful Agers
The objective of this study was to determine whether racial differences in hypertension in a random sample of community-dwelling older adults also remained significant in a sample of successful agers. Data for the random sample of community-dwelling older adults came from the Duke University Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (4,162 community-dwelling adults age 65 and older) and showed strong racial differences in h…
A test of generalizability of cardiovascular reactivity using a controlled ambulatory procedure
This study tested the hypothesis that reports of poor generalizability of cardiovascular reactivity measured in the laboratory to changes observed during everyday life are due to a lack of standardization of activities and position (sitting, standing) in the latter situation. Thirty-seven subjects engaged in reactivity testing, and then in a 4-hour series of standardized activities outside the laboratory (controlled ambulatory phase), accompanied…
Caffeine and cholesterol
The consumption of caffeinated beverages has been linked to elevated serum cholesterol and an increased risk of coronary disease, although the relationships are inconsistent across studies and remain controversial. The effect of caffeine on cholesterol and coronary disease risk may be modulated by other factors. Using cohort data from a subsample of the University of North Carolina Alumni Heart Study, we investigated whether the relationships bet…
The multi-dimensional nature of active coping
Some studies show that enhanced control increases cardiovascular reactivity; other studies show decreases. This disparity may be due to a confound: enhanced control may reduce reactivity, but effort accompanying active coping may increase it. The present study was designed to vary level of control and availability of active coping responses, while maintaining effort constant. Sixty female undergraduates performed word-search puzzles while blood p…
Social support in social interaction
This study examines the possibility that social support operates as a moderator of cardiovascular reactivity, which may be a factor in the development of heart disease and hypertension. An experiment was performed in which each of 40 subjects was the object of verbal attack in a discussion of a controversial issue. In each session, one subject and three confederates participated. Two of the confederates argued with the subject; in half the groups…
Job characteristics in relation to the prevalence of myocardial infarction in the US Health Examination Survey (HES) and the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Hanes)
Associations between psychosocial job characteristics and past myocardial infarction (MI) prevalence for employed males were tested with the Health Examination Survey (HES) 1960-61, N = 2,409, and the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES) 1971-75, N = 2,424. A new estimation method is used which imputes to census occupation codes, job characteristic information from national surveys of job characteristics (US Department of Labor, Qualit…
An Empirical Evaluation of the Predictive Mean Matching Method for Imputing Missing Values
This article reports empirical explorations of how well the predictive mean matching method for imputing missing data works for an often problematic variable-income-when income is used as an explanatory variable in a substantive regression model. It is found that the performance of the predictive mean method varies considerably with the predictive power of the imputation regression model and the percentage of cases with missing data on income. In…
A procedure for linking psychosocial job characteristics data to health surveys
A system is presented for linking information about psychosocial characteristics of job situations to national health surveys. Job information can be imputed to individuals on surveys that contain three-digit US Census occupation codes. Occupational mean scores on psychosocial job characteristics-control over task situation (decision latitude), psychological work load, physical exertion, and other measures-for the linkage system are derived from …
Evidence for a black-white crossover in all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality in an older population
OBJECTIVES: This cohort study evaluated racial differences in mortality among Blacks and Whites 65 years and older. METHODS: A total of 4136 men and women (1875 Whites and 2261 Blacks) living in North Carolina were interviewed in 1986 and followed up for mortality until 1994. Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality were calculated, with adjustment for sociodemographic and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. RESULTS: …
The effect of legal drinking age on fatal injuries of adolescents and young adults
This study examined the effect of legal drinking age (LDA) on fatal injuries in persons aged 15 to 24 years in the United States between 1979 and 1984. Effects on pre-LDA teens, adolescents targeted by LDA, initiation at LDA, and post-LDA drinking experience were assessed. A higher LDA was also associated with reduced death rates for motor vehicle drivers, pedestrians, unintentional injuries excluding motor vehicle injuries, and suicide. An initi…
Competing Risk of Household Expansion or Institutionalization in Late Life
Modeling separate effects of whether there was a household expansion or institutionalization, and if so, which type of event occurred, and taking into account acute and evolving states, enabled more precise understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in determining continued community residence or institutionalization
The Effect of Race and Health-Related Factors on Naming and Memory
The racial differences found in test performance may reflect differences in cultural appropriateness of the material rather than differences in ability
Private Health Insurance Coverage and Disability among Older Americans
The results indicate that changes in health insurance coverage as well as in individual behaviors may be needed to reduce disability generally and disability among the socioeconomically disadvantaged, in particular
Disinhibited eating and weight-related insulin mismanagement among individuals with type 1 diabetes
Do Racial Differences in Hypertension Persist in Successful Agers
The objective of this study was to determine whether racial differences in hypertension in a random sample of community-dwelling older adults also remained significant in a sample of successful agers. Data for the random sample of community-dwelling older adults came from the Duke University Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (4,162 community-dwelling adults age 65 and older) and showed strong racial differences in h…
Inflammation and Coagulation as Mediators in the Relationships Between Religious Attendance and Functional Limitations in Older Adults
Relationships between attendance and function may be due in part to lower levels of inflammation and coagulation among elders who attend services
A procedure for linking psychosocial job characteristics data to health surveys
A system is presented for linking information about psychosocial characteristics of job situations to national health surveys. Job information can be imputed to individuals on surveys that contain three-digit US Census occupation codes. Occupational mean scores on psychosocial job characteristics-control over task situation (decision latitude), psychological work load, physical exertion, and other measures-for the linkage system are derived from …
Job characteristics in relation to the prevalence of myocardial infarction in the US Health Examination Survey (HES) and the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Hanes)
Associations between psychosocial job characteristics and past myocardial infarction (MI) prevalence for employed males were tested with the Health Examination Survey (HES) 1960-61, N = 2,409, and the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES) 1971-75, N = 2,424. A new estimation method is used which imputes to census occupation codes, job characteristic information from national surveys of job characteristics (US Department of Labor, Qualit…
The multi-dimensional nature of active coping
Some studies show that enhanced control increases cardiovascular reactivity; other studies show decreases. This disparity may be due to a confound: enhanced control may reduce reactivity, but effort accompanying active coping may increase it. The present study was designed to vary level of control and availability of active coping responses, while maintaining effort constant. Sixty female undergraduates performed word-search puzzles while blood p…
Social support in social interaction
This study examines the possibility that social support operates as a moderator of cardiovascular reactivity, which may be a factor in the development of heart disease and hypertension. An experiment was performed in which each of 40 subjects was the object of verbal attack in a discussion of a controversial issue. In each session, one subject and three confederates participated. Two of the confederates argued with the subject; in half the groups…
The effect of legal drinking age on fatal injuries of adolescents and young adults
This study examined the effect of legal drinking age (LDA) on fatal injuries in persons aged 15 to 24 years in the United States between 1979 and 1984. Effects on pre-LDA teens, adolescents targeted by LDA, initiation at LDA, and post-LDA drinking experience were assessed. A higher LDA was also associated with reduced death rates for motor vehicle drivers, pedestrians, unintentional injuries excluding motor vehicle injuries, and suicide. An initi…
A test of generalizability of cardiovascular reactivity using a controlled ambulatory procedure
This study tested the hypothesis that reports of poor generalizability of cardiovascular reactivity measured in the laboratory to changes observed during everyday life are due to a lack of standardization of activities and position (sitting, standing) in the latter situation. Thirty-seven subjects engaged in reactivity testing, and then in a 4-hour series of standardized activities outside the laboratory (controlled ambulatory phase), accompanied…
Caffeine and cholesterol
The consumption of caffeinated beverages has been linked to elevated serum cholesterol and an increased risk of coronary disease, although the relationships are inconsistent across studies and remain controversial. The effect of caffeine on cholesterol and coronary disease risk may be modulated by other factors. Using cohort data from a subsample of the University of North Carolina Alumni Heart Study, we investigated whether the relationships bet…
Do Racial Differences in Hypertension Persist in Successful Agers
The objective of this study was to determine whether racial differences in hypertension in a random sample of community-dwelling older adults also remained significant in a sample of successful agers. Data for the random sample of community-dwelling older adults came from the Duke University Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (4,162 community-dwelling adults age 65 and older) and showed strong racial differences in h…
Sibling Bereavement in Late Life
Elders are more likely to confront the death of a sibling than any other kinship bereavement. Yet we know almost nothing about the impact of sibling deaths on older adults. We used attachment theory to generate hypotheses about the impact of this life event on physical health, mood, social support, and economic outcomes in late life. At the Duke University site of a large multi-center epidemiologic study (EPESE), 3173 elderly community-dwellers p…
An Empirical Evaluation of the Predictive Mean Matching Method for Imputing Missing Values
This article reports empirical explorations of how well the predictive mean matching method for imputing missing data works for an often problematic variable-income-when income is used as an explanatory variable in a substantive regression model. It is found that the performance of the predictive mean method varies considerably with the predictive power of the imputation regression model and the percentage of cases with missing data on income. In…
Caffeine Raises Blood Pressure at Work
OBJECTIVE: The study investigated the effects of moderate doses of caffeine on ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate during workday activities. METHODS: Healthy, nonsmoking, habitual coffee drinkers (N = 21) received daily doses of 100 mg and 500 mg of caffeine on 2 days in a crossover design. Treatment order was random and counterbalanced, and administration was double-blind. Ambulatory monitoring was conducted for 6 to 9 hours during normal …
Private Health Insurance Coverage and Disability among Older Americans
The results indicate that changes in health insurance coverage as well as in individual behaviors may be needed to reduce disability generally and disability among the socioeconomically disadvantaged, in particular
Evidence for a black-white crossover in all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality in an older population
OBJECTIVES: This cohort study evaluated racial differences in mortality among Blacks and Whites 65 years and older. METHODS: A total of 4136 men and women (1875 Whites and 2261 Blacks) living in North Carolina were interviewed in 1986 and followed up for mortality until 1994. Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality were calculated, with adjustment for sociodemographic and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. RESULTS: …
Lower Extremity Function and Subsequent Disability
BACKGROUND: Although it has been demonstrated that physical performance measures predict incident disability in previously nondisabled older persons, the available data have not been fully developed to create usable methods for determining risk profiles in community-dwelling populations. Using several populations and different follow-up periods, this study replicates previous findings by using the Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Stu…
The Effect of Race and Health-Related Factors on Naming and Memory
The racial differences found in test performance may reflect differences in cultural appropriateness of the material rather than differences in ability
Psychological Variables in Hypertension
OBJECTIVE: The evidence linking hypertension with personality or psychological characteristics, such as anger, anxiety, or depression, remains equivocal. This may be due in part to limitations of personality theory, confounding by awareness of hypertension, and/or inherent difficulties in measuring blood pressure. This study was designed to investigate the association between mild hypertension as defined by both ambulatory and casual (clinic) blo…
A randomized controlled trial of the psychosocial impact of providing internet training and access to older adults
The Internet (electronic mail and the World Wide Web) may provide new opportunities for communication that can help older adults avoid social isolation. This randomized controlled trial assessed the psychosocial impact of providing Internet access to older adults over a five-month period. One hundred volunteers from four congregate housing sites and two nursing facilities were randomly assigned to receive Internet training or to a wait list contr…
Relationship Between All-Cause Mortality and Cumulative Working Life Course Psychosocial and Physical Exposures in the United States Labor Market From 1968 to 1992
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between cumulative exposures to psychosocial and physical work conditions and mortality in a nationally representative sample. METHODS: A working cohort was created using the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Information on psychosocial and physical work conditions were imputed using the Job Characteristics Scoring System exposure matrix for the period 1968 through 1991 to construct working life courses. …
Caffeine Affects Cardiovascular and Neuroendocrine Activation at Work and Home
Objective This study investigated the effects of moderate doses of caffeine on ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate, urinary excretion of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol, and subjective measures of stress during normal activities at work and at home in the evening. Methods Healthy, nonsmoking, habitual coffee drinkers (N = 47) participated in 3 days of ambulatory study. After a day of ad lib caffeine consumption, caffeine (500 mg) a…
Competing Risk of Household Expansion or Institutionalization in Late Life
Modeling separate effects of whether there was a household expansion or institutionalization, and if so, which type of event occurred, and taking into account acute and evolving states, enabled more precise understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in determining continued community residence or institutionalization
Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Intervention to Implement Smoking Guidelines in Veterans Affairs Medical Centers
BACKGROUND: The AHRQ Clinical Practice Guideline for Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence recommends screening and treatment of all tobacco users. Effective methods to implement recommendations are needed because simple guideline dissemination does not necessarily result in changes in practice. OBJECTIVES: The Guideline Implementation for Tobacco (GIFT) study tested an organizational intervention to improve Guideline implementation. RESEARCH DESIG…
Is the prevalence of dehydration among community-dwelling older adults really low? Informing current debate over the fluid recommendation for adults aged 70+years
Objective The fluid recommendation for adults aged 70+ years has been criticised on the basis of a low prevalence of dehydration in community-dwelling older adults. This study explores whether the low prevalence might reflect limitations of individual dehydration indices. Design Cross-sectional data on plasma sodium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, glucose and potassium were used to classify 1737 participants of the 1992 Established Popula…
Medication Use and Control of Urination Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Medications with UA may be related to difficulty in controlling urine among community-dwelling elderly women
Inflammation and Coagulation as Mediators in the Relationships Between Religious Attendance and Functional Limitations in Older Adults
Relationships between attendance and function may be due in part to lower levels of inflammation and coagulation among elders who attend services
Disinhibited eating and weight-related insulin mismanagement among individuals with type 1 diabetes
Medicine (25 obras) · Internal Medicine (15 obras) · Psychology (13 obras) · Internal Medicine (11 obras) · Gerontology (10 obras) · Psychiatry (10 obras) · Demography (9 obras) · Environmental health (9 obras) · Gerontology (8 obras) · Population (8 obras)