A R Santos-Lozada
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 33385 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | A R Santos-Lozada |
| NOMBRES | A R |
| APELLIDO | Santos-Lozada |
| FIRMA | SANTOS-LOZADA A R |
| AFILIACIONES | Pennsylvania State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8437-4493 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 31 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 33 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 31 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2017 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Accelerated fertility decline following the onset of the economic crisis in Puerto Rico, 1990–2020
In 2020, the total fertility rate in Puerto Rico was estimated at 0.93 children per woman, one of the lowest in the world. While fertility decline preceded the new millennium, little is known about whether the onset of the 2006 economic crisis influenced its pace. Using birth counts from the Puerto Rico Vital Statistics System and population estimates, we calculate fertility measures for 1990-2020. Regression models estimated by ordinary least sq…
Double vulnerability? Examining the effect of living in nonmetropolitan areas within non-expansion Medicaid states on health status among working-age adults in the United States, 2022–2024
In this nationally representative and racially diverse sample, we found that individuals residing in nonmetropolitan areas in non-expansion Medicaid states were more likely to report poor/fair self-reported health status. This effect was present for the majority of the population subgroups. Our findings underscore the double vulnerability faced by populations living in these residence-policy overlaps and the need for targeted interventions
Neighborhood Cohesion and Symptoms of Anxiety Across Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States
This study evaluates whether the association between neighborhood cohesion and frequency of anxiety symptoms varies by racial/ethnic group in the United States (US). Our study includes 89,617 respondents ages 18 and older from the National Health Interview Survey (2013-2018). We fit multivariate generalized linear regression models with interactions between neighborhood cohesion and race/ethnicity to test our hypotheses. We find that greater neig…
Season of birth in Puerto Rico
This article examines birth seasonality in Puerto Rico and explores whether patterns shift during periods of economic transformation. We compiled monthly birth counts for approximately 5.64 million births occurring from 1935 to 2024. Data sources include reports to U.S. agencies (1935-1966), a prior publication (1967-1971), and the Puerto Rico Vital Statistics System (1972-2024). To assess the temporal concentration, we calculated a seasonal inde…
Kinship Structures for Left Behind Older Adults in High Outmigration Contexts
Objectives Migration accelerates population aging in high-outmigration contexts. Older adults who remain in high-outmigration contexts are at higher risk of reduced support networks and increased caregiving burden, but prior work has not quantified how migration influences older adults’ kinship structures in such places. This study aims to estimate the kinship structures of older adults living in Puerto Rico and the presence of migrant kin. Metho…
Financial Hardship and Age-Related Decrements in Kidney Function Among Black and White Adults in the Midlife in the United States Study
OBJECTIVE: This analysis examined if financial hardship was associated with age-related decrements in kidney function using a material-psychosocial-behavioral framework. We also tested if this association was mediated by comorbidity of cardiometabolic risk factors (obesity, elevated blood pressure, and insulin resistance). METHODS: Data from 1361 non-Hispanic Black and White adults (ages 26-94 years; non-Hispanic Black = 258) were obtained from t…
Mental and physical health among ‘sandwich’ generation working-age adults in the United States
This study dispels the notion that being part of the sandwich generation is automatically deleterious to mental and physical health. Rather, it is the provision of certain transfers whilst being sandwiched that is associated with worse health outcomes
Age differences in Allostatic Load among adults in the United States by rural-urban residence
Rural residence is associated with allostatic load levels by age groups.•Allostatic load is higher among rural adults with the exception of the oldest age group.•Evidence of a rural-urban convergence in allostatic load levels among oldest old.•These rural disadvantages remained strong even when accounting for covariates.•The study of allostatic load can improve our understanding of rural disparities
Age-specific disparities in fatal drug overdoses highest among older black adults and American Indian/Alaska native individuals of all ages in the United States, 2015-2020
Overdose fatalities unprecedently impact older Non-Hispanic Black adults and American Indian/Alaska Native populations of all ages, deviating from the pattern found for Non-Hispanic White individuals. Findings highlight the need for targeted naloxone and low-threshold buprenorphine programs to reduce racial disparities
The Impact of Racism, Class, and Criminal Justice on Women’s Distress and Health
Research Note Showing That the Rural Mortality Penalty Varies by Region, Race, and Ethnicity in the United States, 1999–2016
This research note presents a new perspective on the rural mortality penalty in the United States. While previous work has documented a growing rural mortality penalty, there has been a lack of attention to heterogeneity in trends at the intersection of region, race, and ethnicity. We use age-adjusted mortality rates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to examine the rural mortality penalty by region, race, and ethnicity for 1999–…
A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between housing insecurity and physical health among midlife and aging adults in the United States
This research adds to the extant literature by introducing a comprehensive measure of housing insecurity experiences, and contributes to a life course perspective regarding how housing insecurity can affect physical health. This research has implications for policy that addresses housing insecurity as a public health concern, especially in the aftermath of the 2008 recession and the economic and housing crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic
A general pattern of health erosion in the United States? An examination of self-reported health status from 1997 – 2018
The analysis indicates that self-reported health does not follows the general pattern of health erosion found in self-assessed pain and allostatic load in the US. The percent of the population reporting poor/fair health status has remained relatively stable between 1997 and 2018. Further research is required to determine whether self-reported health is an appropriate metric to track population health in the US
English-Spanish Gap in Poor/Fair Self-Reported Health Increased for Hispanic Adults in the United States Between 1997 and 2018
U.S. Immigrants Have Highly Heterogeneous Perceptions of How Selected They Are on Health
Measuring immigrant health selection is crucial for understanding population health in immigrant-receiving countries. Recently, studies have measured health selection using respondents’ perceptions of their health in comparison with those in their home countries. Yet we do not know how well this measure captures health selection. Using the New Immigrant Survey, the authors visualize respondents’ self-reported levels of health selection stratified…
Migration is the Driving Force of Rapid Aging in Puerto Rico
The 2020 US Census Differential Privacy Method Introduces Disproportionate Discrepancies for Rural and Non-White Populations
Educational attainment and psychological distress among working-age adults in the United States
This study builds on a growing body of literature analyzing the education-health gradient across detailed educational categories, which documents that US working-age adults who attended college but did not earn a bachelor's degree report equal or worse health than adults with a high school diploma. This is known as the "anomaly" in the education-health gradient. The purpose of this study is to test whether this pattern extends to measures of seri…
What do time-use patterns tell us about the validity of self-reported health
Time-use differences by health status are consistent between non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, but not so for Hispanics. To some extent, Hispanics who answered in English have more comparable patterns to non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic Blacks than Spanish respondents. Caution should be exercised when self-reported health measures are used to compare diverse samples collected with surveys that are administered in different languages
Health status among Neet adolescents and young adults in the United States, 2016–2018
Adolescents and young adults not employed or in education/training (NEET) could be at higher risk of adverse health outcomes. Approximately 4.6 million Americans aged between 16 and 24 fall in this group. However, differences in health between NEET and non-NEET population remain unaddressed. This study examines the association of NEET status and poor/fair self-reported health status (SRH), among adolescents and young adults in the United States. …
Telomere Shortening and Accelerated Aging in US Military Veterans
A growing body of literature on military personnel and veterans' health suggests that prior military service may be associated with exposures that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which may differ by race/ethnicity. This study examined the hypothesis that differential telomere shortening, a measure of cellular aging, by race/ethnicity may explain prior findings of differential CVD risk in racial/ethnic groups with military servi…
Changes in Census Data Will Affect Our Understanding of Infant Health
Descriptions of the effect of the implementation of a new disclosure avoidance system (DAS), which relies on differential privacy, emphasize the impact of our understanding of contemporary social and health dynamics. However, focusing on overall population may obscure important changes in subpopulation indicators such as age-specific rates resulting from this implementation. The author provides a visualization that compares infant mortality rates…
Inaction on Climate Change Projected to Reduce European Life Expectancy
Differential Privacy in the 2020 Census Will Distort Covid-19 Rates
Scholars rely on accurate population and mortality data to inform efforts regarding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with age-specific mortality rates of high importance because of the concentration of COVID-19 deaths at older ages. Population counts, the principal denominators for calculating age-specific mortality rates, will be subject to noise infusion in the United States with the 2020 census through a disclosure avoidance s…
Racial and ethnic differences in the associations between social integration, C-reactive protein and depressive symptoms
This study evaluates whether the associations between social integration, inflammation, and depressive symptoms vary by race/ethnicity in the United States. Our study includes 5,634 respondents age 40 and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2005-2008. We fit multivariate logistic regression models with interactions between C-reactive protein (CRP) and race/ethnicity as well as social integration and race/ethnicity …
Differential Privacy in the 2020 Census Will Distort Covid-19 Rates
Scholars rely on accurate population and mortality data to inform efforts regarding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with age-specific mortality rates of high importance because of the concentration of COVID-19 deaths at older ages. Population counts, the principal denominators for calculating age-specific mortality rates, will be subject to noise infusion in the United States with the 2020 census through a disclosure avoidance s…
Puerto Rico exodus
Research Note Showing That the Rural Mortality Penalty Varies by Region, Race, and Ethnicity in the United States, 1999–2016
This research note presents a new perspective on the rural mortality penalty in the United States. While previous work has documented a growing rural mortality penalty, there has been a lack of attention to heterogeneity in trends at the intersection of region, race, and ethnicity. We use age-adjusted mortality rates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to examine the rural mortality penalty by region, race, and ethnicity for 1999–…
Kinship Structures for Left Behind Older Adults in High Outmigration Contexts
Objectives Migration accelerates population aging in high-outmigration contexts. Older adults who remain in high-outmigration contexts are at higher risk of reduced support networks and increased caregiving burden, but prior work has not quantified how migration influences older adults’ kinship structures in such places. This study aims to estimate the kinship structures of older adults living in Puerto Rico and the presence of migrant kin. Metho…
The 2020 US Census Differential Privacy Method Introduces Disproportionate Discrepancies for Rural and Non-White Populations
Inaction on Climate Change Projected to Reduce European Life Expectancy
Using Allostatic Load to Validate Self-rated Health for Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States
This study evaluates the validity of subjective health measurement for racial/ethnic comparisons in the United States, by assessing whether allostatic load (AL) is equally associated with poor/fair self-rated health (SRH) for different racial/ethnic groups. This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) for 2006-2010. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit and stratified by race/ethnicity to study the assoc…
Neighborhood Cohesion and Symptoms of Anxiety Across Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States
This study evaluates whether the association between neighborhood cohesion and frequency of anxiety symptoms varies by racial/ethnic group in the United States (US). Our study includes 89,617 respondents ages 18 and older from the National Health Interview Survey (2013-2018). We fit multivariate generalized linear regression models with interactions between neighborhood cohesion and race/ethnicity to test our hypotheses. We find that greater neig…
Migration is the Driving Force of Rapid Aging in Puerto Rico
Changes in Census Data Will Affect Our Understanding of Infant Health
Descriptions of the effect of the implementation of a new disclosure avoidance system (DAS), which relies on differential privacy, emphasize the impact of our understanding of contemporary social and health dynamics. However, focusing on overall population may obscure important changes in subpopulation indicators such as age-specific rates resulting from this implementation. The author provides a visualization that compares infant mortality rates…
The contribution of three dimensions of allostatic load to racial/ethnic disparities in poor/fair self-rated health
Future researchers seeking to explain racial/ethnic disparities in full or sex-stratified samples should consider disaggregating allostatic load by dimension
How Have You Been? or ¿Como estás
Using Allostatic Load to Validate Self-rated Health for Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States
This study evaluates the validity of subjective health measurement for racial/ethnic comparisons in the United States, by assessing whether allostatic load (AL) is equally associated with poor/fair self-rated health (SRH) for different racial/ethnic groups. This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) for 2006-2010. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit and stratified by race/ethnicity to study the assoc…
Foreign-Born Hispanic Women's Health Patterns in Allostatic Load Converge to U.S.-Born Hispanic Women at a Slower Tempo Compared With Men
Estimates of Excess Deaths in Puerto Rico
Estimates of Excess Deaths in Puerto Rico: Why Demography Matters Alexis R. Santos-Lozada PhD, and Jeffrey T. Howard PhD Affiliation Alexis R. Santos-Lozada is with the Department of Human Development and Family Studies and the Social Sciences Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park. Jeffrey T. Howard is with the Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Nutrition, University of Texas at San Antonio.CopyRightCorrespondence…
Racial and ethnic differences in the associations between social integration, C-reactive protein and depressive symptoms
This study evaluates whether the associations between social integration, inflammation, and depressive symptoms vary by race/ethnicity in the United States. Our study includes 5,634 respondents age 40 and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2005-2008. We fit multivariate logistic regression models with interactions between C-reactive protein (CRP) and race/ethnicity as well as social integration and race/ethnicity …
Puerto Rico exodus
Educational attainment and psychological distress among working-age adults in the United States
This study builds on a growing body of literature analyzing the education-health gradient across detailed educational categories, which documents that US working-age adults who attended college but did not earn a bachelor's degree report equal or worse health than adults with a high school diploma. This is known as the "anomaly" in the education-health gradient. The purpose of this study is to test whether this pattern extends to measures of seri…
What do time-use patterns tell us about the validity of self-reported health
Time-use differences by health status are consistent between non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, but not so for Hispanics. To some extent, Hispanics who answered in English have more comparable patterns to non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic Blacks than Spanish respondents. Caution should be exercised when self-reported health measures are used to compare diverse samples collected with surveys that are administered in different languages
Health status among Neet adolescents and young adults in the United States, 2016–2018
Adolescents and young adults not employed or in education/training (NEET) could be at higher risk of adverse health outcomes. Approximately 4.6 million Americans aged between 16 and 24 fall in this group. However, differences in health between NEET and non-NEET population remain unaddressed. This study examines the association of NEET status and poor/fair self-reported health status (SRH), among adolescents and young adults in the United States. …
Telomere Shortening and Accelerated Aging in US Military Veterans
A growing body of literature on military personnel and veterans' health suggests that prior military service may be associated with exposures that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which may differ by race/ethnicity. This study examined the hypothesis that differential telomere shortening, a measure of cellular aging, by race/ethnicity may explain prior findings of differential CVD risk in racial/ethnic groups with military servi…
Changes in Census Data Will Affect Our Understanding of Infant Health
Descriptions of the effect of the implementation of a new disclosure avoidance system (DAS), which relies on differential privacy, emphasize the impact of our understanding of contemporary social and health dynamics. However, focusing on overall population may obscure important changes in subpopulation indicators such as age-specific rates resulting from this implementation. The author provides a visualization that compares infant mortality rates…
Inaction on Climate Change Projected to Reduce European Life Expectancy
Differential Privacy in the 2020 Census Will Distort Covid-19 Rates
Scholars rely on accurate population and mortality data to inform efforts regarding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with age-specific mortality rates of high importance because of the concentration of COVID-19 deaths at older ages. Population counts, the principal denominators for calculating age-specific mortality rates, will be subject to noise infusion in the United States with the 2020 census through a disclosure avoidance s…
A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between housing insecurity and physical health among midlife and aging adults in the United States
This research adds to the extant literature by introducing a comprehensive measure of housing insecurity experiences, and contributes to a life course perspective regarding how housing insecurity can affect physical health. This research has implications for policy that addresses housing insecurity as a public health concern, especially in the aftermath of the 2008 recession and the economic and housing crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic
A general pattern of health erosion in the United States? An examination of self-reported health status from 1997 – 2018
The analysis indicates that self-reported health does not follows the general pattern of health erosion found in self-assessed pain and allostatic load in the US. The percent of the population reporting poor/fair health status has remained relatively stable between 1997 and 2018. Further research is required to determine whether self-reported health is an appropriate metric to track population health in the US
English-Spanish Gap in Poor/Fair Self-Reported Health Increased for Hispanic Adults in the United States Between 1997 and 2018
U.S. Immigrants Have Highly Heterogeneous Perceptions of How Selected They Are on Health
Measuring immigrant health selection is crucial for understanding population health in immigrant-receiving countries. Recently, studies have measured health selection using respondents’ perceptions of their health in comparison with those in their home countries. Yet we do not know how well this measure captures health selection. Using the New Immigrant Survey, the authors visualize respondents’ self-reported levels of health selection stratified…
Migration is the Driving Force of Rapid Aging in Puerto Rico
The 2020 US Census Differential Privacy Method Introduces Disproportionate Discrepancies for Rural and Non-White Populations
Age differences in Allostatic Load among adults in the United States by rural-urban residence
Rural residence is associated with allostatic load levels by age groups.•Allostatic load is higher among rural adults with the exception of the oldest age group.•Evidence of a rural-urban convergence in allostatic load levels among oldest old.•These rural disadvantages remained strong even when accounting for covariates.•The study of allostatic load can improve our understanding of rural disparities
Age-specific disparities in fatal drug overdoses highest among older black adults and American Indian/Alaska native individuals of all ages in the United States, 2015-2020
Overdose fatalities unprecedently impact older Non-Hispanic Black adults and American Indian/Alaska Native populations of all ages, deviating from the pattern found for Non-Hispanic White individuals. Findings highlight the need for targeted naloxone and low-threshold buprenorphine programs to reduce racial disparities
The Impact of Racism, Class, and Criminal Justice on Women’s Distress and Health
Research Note Showing That the Rural Mortality Penalty Varies by Region, Race, and Ethnicity in the United States, 1999–2016
This research note presents a new perspective on the rural mortality penalty in the United States. While previous work has documented a growing rural mortality penalty, there has been a lack of attention to heterogeneity in trends at the intersection of region, race, and ethnicity. We use age-adjusted mortality rates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to examine the rural mortality penalty by region, race, and ethnicity for 1999–…
Financial Hardship and Age-Related Decrements in Kidney Function Among Black and White Adults in the Midlife in the United States Study
OBJECTIVE: This analysis examined if financial hardship was associated with age-related decrements in kidney function using a material-psychosocial-behavioral framework. We also tested if this association was mediated by comorbidity of cardiometabolic risk factors (obesity, elevated blood pressure, and insulin resistance). METHODS: Data from 1361 non-Hispanic Black and White adults (ages 26-94 years; non-Hispanic Black = 258) were obtained from t…
Medicine (27 obras) · Demography (23 obras) · Gerontology (22 obras) · Health disparities and outcomes (22 obras) · Sociology (21 obras) · Population (20 obras) · Demography (19 obras) · Psychology (16 obras) · Geography (12 obras) · Environmental health (9 obras)