Cassandra K Crifasi
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 342172 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Cassandra K Crifasi |
| NOMBRES | Cassandra K |
| APELLIDO | Crifasi |
| FIRMA | CRIFASI C K |
| AFILIACIONES | Johns Hopkins University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6748-5389 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 27 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 101 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 27 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2014 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
A Multidimensional Approach to Measure Structural Racism and Its Association with Fatal and Nonfatal Community Firearm Violence at the Census Tract Level in New York City
Structural racism is an important determinant of health inequities. Recent studies have operationalized structural racism using latent construct approaches to capture its multidimensionality instead of relying on single indicators as structural racism proxies. However, such studies have only captured multidimensional structural racism at larger geographies, not census tract level. A latent profile model used unidimensional indicators across the d…
Assessing Differences in Measurement of Nonfatal Firearm Crime in the Uniform Crime Report Summary Reporting System and National Incident-Based Reporting System
Data collection processes of fatal firearm violence are well established. These processes are far more fragmented for nonfatal firearm violence—specifically injuries sustained in the commission of a crime. Until recently, no national databases systemically tracked nonfatal gunshot wounds. In this study, we aimed to enhance understanding of this subject by assessing concordance between measures of nonfatal firearm crimes from two national data sou…
Public Health and Criminal Justice to Reduce Gun Violence
This Viewpoint discusses how partnerships between public health and criminal justice organizations could help improve health and safety and minimize harms from gun violence
Using virtual reality to understand gun owner decision-making
Background: Nearly 70% of gun owners support requiring concealed carry license applicants to pass a test demonstrating safe and lawful weapon use. However, many states are removing training requirements and gun owners' behaviors and decision-making are under-examined. We sought to assess whether virtual reality (VR) could provide insight into these elements in the context of public carrying. Methods: We created a novel VR system with a practice-f…
A scoping review of empirical research on firearms and firearm violence among sexual and gender minority populations in the United States
BACKGROUND: Firearms-related health sciences research has documented disparities in fatal and nonfatal firearm injury impacting populations in the United States defined by race and ethnicity, age, gender, and geography. Recent reports from research and advocacy organizations have highlighted a need for this research to include sexual and gender minority (ie, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer [LGBTQ+]) populations to guide public heal…
State-by-State Review
Purpose: Following George Floyd’s death, the push for law enforcement accountability policies has intensified. Despite robust legislative action, challenges in enacting and implementing meaningful reforms persist. This study analyzes police accountability policies (PAP) in the U.S. from 2020 to 2022, identifying barriers and facilitators through expert perspectives in enforcement oversight, policy advocacy, and community engagement. Methods: The …
Public Firearms Carriage and Public Opinion, National Gun Policy Survey, 2023
Objectives. To examine US public opinion on whether people should be allowed to carry firearms in “sensitive locations” (i.e., where firearm carry is not allowed, even for those with valid concealed carry permits). Methods. We used data from the 2023 National Gun Policy Survey to understand attitudes on gun carrying in potentially sensitive places. Respondents were asked to respond yes or no to allowing people to carry in various locations. We ge…
Officer gunpoint during police stops
Youth-police contact is increasingly acknowledged as a stressor and a racialized adverse childhood experience that can undermine youths' mental health. The present study investigates a particularly distressing feature of youths' direct and witnessed in-person police stops-officer gunpoint (i.e., officers drawing of firearms and pointing them at youth, their peers, or other community members). We examine patterns of youths' officer gunpoint exposu…
National Burden of Injury and Deaths From Shootings by Police in the United States, 2015‒2020
Objectives. To describe all-outcome injurious shootings by police and compare characteristics of fatal versus nonfatal injurious shootings nationally. Methods. From July 2021 to April 2023, we manually reviewed publicly available records on all 2015–2020 injurious shootings by US police, identified from Gun Violence Archive. We estimated injury frequency, case fatality rates, and relative odds of death by incident and victim characteristics. Resu…
Social and policy characteristics associated with injurious shootings by police in US counties
Firearm Purchaser Licensing Laws and Firearm Deaths Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults
Research on firearm purchaser licensing laws has found population level reductions in firearm-related mortality. Limited research has been conducted specifically examining the impact of these laws among adolescents and emerging adults. We obtained death data from the National Center for Health Statistics from 1990 to 2019. We generated state-year rates of homicide and suicide, stratified by firearm involvement, for decedents aged 15 to 24. We str…
Deregulation of public civilian gun carrying and violent crimes
Research Summary We utilized the synthetic difference‐in‐difference method to estimate the impact of adopting a permitless concealed carry weapons (CCW) law on rates of assaults, robberies, and homicides committed with a firearm and by other means, as well as weapons arrests, from 1981 to 2019. We stratified permitless CCW laws by whether they previously prohibited violent misdemeanants from obtaining a CCW permit or previously required live fire…
Consensus-Driven Priorities for Firearm Injury Education Among Medical Professionals
PURPOSE: Firearm injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. However, many medical professionals currently receive minimal or no education on firearm injury or its prevention. The authors sought to convene a diverse group of national experts in firearm injury epidemiology, injury prevention, and medical education to develop consensus on priorities to inform the creation of learning objectives and curricula for firea…
Officer-Involved Shootings and Concealed Carry Weapons Permitting Laws
Nonfatal Violence Involving Days Away From Work Following California’s 2017 Workplace Violence Prevention in Health Care Safety Standard
Objectives. To examine the impact of the California Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (Cal/OSHA’s) 2017 workplace violence (WPV) prevention in health care safety standard on nonfatal violent injuries among health care workers (HCWs). Methods. We accessed estimated counts of WPV from the survey of occupational injuries and illness from 2011 to 2019 specific to HCWs. We used the Current Population Survey estimates of HCWs to create ra…
Community perspectives on gun violence and safety
Gun Violence and Gun Policy in the United States
America has both the highest gun death rate (12 per 100,000 persons) and the highest gun circulation rate (about 121 firearms in circulation for every 100 persons) of any developed country. Taken together, these statistics might lead one to assume that high gun death rates in America are all but a certain outcome. However, gun death rates vary substantially across America suggesting that a range of solutions to reduce gun death and injury exist. …
Evidence concerning the regulation of firearms design, sale, and carrying on fatal mass shootings in the United States
Research Summary We used data from the FBI's Supplemental Homicide Reports and other publicly available databases to calculate state‐level annual incidence of fatal mass shootings for 1984–2017. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the associations between changes in key gun laws and fatal mass shootings. Handgun purchaser licensing laws and bans of large‐capacity magazines (LCMs) were associated with significant reductions i…
Purchaser Licensing, Point-of-Sale Background Check Laws, and Firearm Homicide and Suicide in 4 US States, 1985–2017
Objectives. To estimate and compare the effects of state background check policies on firearm-related mortality in 4 US states. Methods. Annual data from 1985 to 2017 were used to examine Maryland and Pennsylvania, which implemented point-of-sale comprehensive background check (CBC) laws for handgun purchasers; Connecticut, which adopted a handgun purchaser licensing law; and Missouri, which repealed a similar law. Using synthetic control methods…
Right-to-Carry Laws and Firearm Workplace Homicides
Objectives. To examine the impact of right-to-carry (RTC) firearm laws on firearm workplace homicides (WPHs) in the United States from 1992 to 2017. Methods. We employed 2 longitudinal methods to examine the average effect (pooled, cross-sectional, time-series analysis) and the state-specific effect (random effects meta-analysis) of RTC laws on WPHs committed by firearms from 1992 to 2017 in a 50-state panel. Both methods utilized a generalized l…
Evaluation of a Crisis Intervention Team Pilot Program
Association between Firearm Laws and Homicide in Urban Counties
Storage Practices of US Gun Owners in 2016
Objectives. To examine gun storage practices and factors influencing those practices among gun owners. Methods. We conducted a nationally representative online survey of US gun owners (n = 1444) in 2016 to assess gun storage practices and attitudes, factors influencing storage practices, and groups that might effectively communicate regarding safe storage. We generated descriptive statistics by using cross-tabulations and used logistic regression…
Public Support for Gun Violence Prevention Policies Among Gun Owners and Non–Gun Owners in 2017
Objectives. To compare public support for 24 different gun policies between gun owners and non–gun owners in 2017. Methods. We fielded a national public opinion survey in January 2017 using an online panel to measure US adults’ support for 24 gun policies. We compared support among gun owners and non–gun owners. Results. For 23 of the 24 policies examined, most respondents supported restricting or regulating gun ownership. Only 8 of 24 policies h…
The Initial Impact of Maryland’s Firearm Safety Act of 2013 on the Supply of Crime Handguns in Baltimore
Cassandra K. Crifasi, Shani A.L. Buggs, Seema Choksy, Daniel W. Webster, The Initial Impact of Maryland's Firearm Safety Act of 2013 on the Supply of Crime Handguns in Baltimore, RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 5, The Underground Gun Market: Implications for Regulation and Enforcement (October 2017), pp. 128-140
Effects of the Repeal of Missouri’s Handgun Purchaser Licensing Law on Homicides
Association between Firearm Laws and Homicide in Urban Counties
Storage Practices of US Gun Owners in 2016
Objectives. To examine gun storage practices and factors influencing those practices among gun owners. Methods. We conducted a nationally representative online survey of US gun owners (n = 1444) in 2016 to assess gun storage practices and attitudes, factors influencing storage practices, and groups that might effectively communicate regarding safe storage. We generated descriptive statistics by using cross-tabulations and used logistic regression…
Officer-Involved Shootings and Concealed Carry Weapons Permitting Laws
Public Support for Gun Violence Prevention Policies Among Gun Owners and Non–Gun Owners in 2017
Objectives. To compare public support for 24 different gun policies between gun owners and non–gun owners in 2017. Methods. We fielded a national public opinion survey in January 2017 using an online panel to measure US adults’ support for 24 gun policies. We compared support among gun owners and non–gun owners. Results. For 23 of the 24 policies examined, most respondents supported restricting or regulating gun ownership. Only 8 of 24 policies h…
Purchaser Licensing, Point-of-Sale Background Check Laws, and Firearm Homicide and Suicide in 4 US States, 1985–2017
Objectives. To estimate and compare the effects of state background check policies on firearm-related mortality in 4 US states. Methods. Annual data from 1985 to 2017 were used to examine Maryland and Pennsylvania, which implemented point-of-sale comprehensive background check (CBC) laws for handgun purchasers; Connecticut, which adopted a handgun purchaser licensing law; and Missouri, which repealed a similar law. Using synthetic control methods…
Evidence concerning the regulation of firearms design, sale, and carrying on fatal mass shootings in the United States
Research Summary We used data from the FBI's Supplemental Homicide Reports and other publicly available databases to calculate state‐level annual incidence of fatal mass shootings for 1984–2017. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the associations between changes in key gun laws and fatal mass shootings. Handgun purchaser licensing laws and bans of large‐capacity magazines (LCMs) were associated with significant reductions i…
National Burden of Injury and Deaths From Shootings by Police in the United States, 2015‒2020
Objectives. To describe all-outcome injurious shootings by police and compare characteristics of fatal versus nonfatal injurious shootings nationally. Methods. From July 2021 to April 2023, we manually reviewed publicly available records on all 2015–2020 injurious shootings by US police, identified from Gun Violence Archive. We estimated injury frequency, case fatality rates, and relative odds of death by incident and victim characteristics. Resu…
Officer gunpoint during police stops
Youth-police contact is increasingly acknowledged as a stressor and a racialized adverse childhood experience that can undermine youths' mental health. The present study investigates a particularly distressing feature of youths' direct and witnessed in-person police stops-officer gunpoint (i.e., officers drawing of firearms and pointing them at youth, their peers, or other community members). We examine patterns of youths' officer gunpoint exposu…
Firearm Purchaser Licensing Laws and Firearm Deaths Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults
Research on firearm purchaser licensing laws has found population level reductions in firearm-related mortality. Limited research has been conducted specifically examining the impact of these laws among adolescents and emerging adults. We obtained death data from the National Center for Health Statistics from 1990 to 2019. We generated state-year rates of homicide and suicide, stratified by firearm involvement, for decedents aged 15 to 24. We str…
Right-to-Carry Laws and Firearm Workplace Homicides
Objectives. To examine the impact of right-to-carry (RTC) firearm laws on firearm workplace homicides (WPHs) in the United States from 1992 to 2017. Methods. We employed 2 longitudinal methods to examine the average effect (pooled, cross-sectional, time-series analysis) and the state-specific effect (random effects meta-analysis) of RTC laws on WPHs committed by firearms from 1992 to 2017 in a 50-state panel. Both methods utilized a generalized l…
Evaluation of a Crisis Intervention Team Pilot Program
Community perspectives on gun violence and safety
The Initial Impact of Maryland’s Firearm Safety Act of 2013 on the Supply of Crime Handguns in Baltimore
Cassandra K. Crifasi, Shani A.L. Buggs, Seema Choksy, Daniel W. Webster, The Initial Impact of Maryland's Firearm Safety Act of 2013 on the Supply of Crime Handguns in Baltimore, RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 5, The Underground Gun Market: Implications for Regulation and Enforcement (October 2017), pp. 128-140
Effects of the Repeal of Missouri’s Handgun Purchaser Licensing Law on Homicides
The Initial Impact of Maryland’s Firearm Safety Act of 2013 on the Supply of Crime Handguns in Baltimore
Cassandra K. Crifasi, Shani A.L. Buggs, Seema Choksy, Daniel W. Webster, The Initial Impact of Maryland's Firearm Safety Act of 2013 on the Supply of Crime Handguns in Baltimore, RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 5, The Underground Gun Market: Implications for Regulation and Enforcement (October 2017), pp. 128-140
Differing Perspectives on Analyzing Data Related to Firearms and Suicide
Differing Perspectives on Analyzing Data Related to Firearms and Suicide Affiliation Elizabeth A. Stuart PhD, Cassandra Crifasi PhD, Alex McCourt JD, MPH, Jon S. Vernick JD, MPH, and Daniel Webster ScDAll of the authors are with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.CopyRightCorrespondence should be sent to Elizabeth A. Stuart, PhD, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway, Room 839, Baltimore, …
Association between Firearm Laws and Homicide in Urban Counties
Storage Practices of US Gun Owners in 2016
Objectives. To examine gun storage practices and factors influencing those practices among gun owners. Methods. We conducted a nationally representative online survey of US gun owners (n = 1444) in 2016 to assess gun storage practices and attitudes, factors influencing storage practices, and groups that might effectively communicate regarding safe storage. We generated descriptive statistics by using cross-tabulations and used logistic regression…
Public Support for Gun Violence Prevention Policies Among Gun Owners and Non–Gun Owners in 2017
Objectives. To compare public support for 24 different gun policies between gun owners and non–gun owners in 2017. Methods. We fielded a national public opinion survey in January 2017 using an online panel to measure US adults’ support for 24 gun policies. We compared support among gun owners and non–gun owners. Results. For 23 of the 24 policies examined, most respondents supported restricting or regulating gun ownership. Only 8 of 24 policies h…
Right-to-Carry Laws and Firearm Workplace Homicides
Objectives. To examine the impact of right-to-carry (RTC) firearm laws on firearm workplace homicides (WPHs) in the United States from 1992 to 2017. Methods. We employed 2 longitudinal methods to examine the average effect (pooled, cross-sectional, time-series analysis) and the state-specific effect (random effects meta-analysis) of RTC laws on WPHs committed by firearms from 1992 to 2017 in a 50-state panel. Both methods utilized a generalized l…
Evaluation of a Crisis Intervention Team Pilot Program
Evidence concerning the regulation of firearms design, sale, and carrying on fatal mass shootings in the United States
Research Summary We used data from the FBI's Supplemental Homicide Reports and other publicly available databases to calculate state‐level annual incidence of fatal mass shootings for 1984–2017. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the associations between changes in key gun laws and fatal mass shootings. Handgun purchaser licensing laws and bans of large‐capacity magazines (LCMs) were associated with significant reductions i…
Purchaser Licensing, Point-of-Sale Background Check Laws, and Firearm Homicide and Suicide in 4 US States, 1985–2017
Objectives. To estimate and compare the effects of state background check policies on firearm-related mortality in 4 US states. Methods. Annual data from 1985 to 2017 were used to examine Maryland and Pennsylvania, which implemented point-of-sale comprehensive background check (CBC) laws for handgun purchasers; Connecticut, which adopted a handgun purchaser licensing law; and Missouri, which repealed a similar law. Using synthetic control methods…
Consensus-Driven Priorities for Firearm Injury Education Among Medical Professionals
PURPOSE: Firearm injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. However, many medical professionals currently receive minimal or no education on firearm injury or its prevention. The authors sought to convene a diverse group of national experts in firearm injury epidemiology, injury prevention, and medical education to develop consensus on priorities to inform the creation of learning objectives and curricula for firea…
Officer-Involved Shootings and Concealed Carry Weapons Permitting Laws
Nonfatal Violence Involving Days Away From Work Following California’s 2017 Workplace Violence Prevention in Health Care Safety Standard
Objectives. To examine the impact of the California Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (Cal/OSHA’s) 2017 workplace violence (WPV) prevention in health care safety standard on nonfatal violent injuries among health care workers (HCWs). Methods. We accessed estimated counts of WPV from the survey of occupational injuries and illness from 2011 to 2019 specific to HCWs. We used the Current Population Survey estimates of HCWs to create ra…
Community perspectives on gun violence and safety
Gun Violence and Gun Policy in the United States
America has both the highest gun death rate (12 per 100,000 persons) and the highest gun circulation rate (about 121 firearms in circulation for every 100 persons) of any developed country. Taken together, these statistics might lead one to assume that high gun death rates in America are all but a certain outcome. However, gun death rates vary substantially across America suggesting that a range of solutions to reduce gun death and injury exist. …
Deregulation of public civilian gun carrying and violent crimes
Research Summary We utilized the synthetic difference‐in‐difference method to estimate the impact of adopting a permitless concealed carry weapons (CCW) law on rates of assaults, robberies, and homicides committed with a firearm and by other means, as well as weapons arrests, from 1981 to 2019. We stratified permitless CCW laws by whether they previously prohibited violent misdemeanants from obtaining a CCW permit or previously required live fire…
Officer gunpoint during police stops
Youth-police contact is increasingly acknowledged as a stressor and a racialized adverse childhood experience that can undermine youths' mental health. The present study investigates a particularly distressing feature of youths' direct and witnessed in-person police stops-officer gunpoint (i.e., officers drawing of firearms and pointing them at youth, their peers, or other community members). We examine patterns of youths' officer gunpoint exposu…
National Burden of Injury and Deaths From Shootings by Police in the United States, 2015‒2020
Objectives. To describe all-outcome injurious shootings by police and compare characteristics of fatal versus nonfatal injurious shootings nationally. Methods. From July 2021 to April 2023, we manually reviewed publicly available records on all 2015–2020 injurious shootings by US police, identified from Gun Violence Archive. We estimated injury frequency, case fatality rates, and relative odds of death by incident and victim characteristics. Resu…
Social and policy characteristics associated with injurious shootings by police in US counties
Firearm Purchaser Licensing Laws and Firearm Deaths Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults
Research on firearm purchaser licensing laws has found population level reductions in firearm-related mortality. Limited research has been conducted specifically examining the impact of these laws among adolescents and emerging adults. We obtained death data from the National Center for Health Statistics from 1990 to 2019. We generated state-year rates of homicide and suicide, stratified by firearm involvement, for decedents aged 15 to 24. We str…
Using virtual reality to understand gun owner decision-making
Background: Nearly 70% of gun owners support requiring concealed carry license applicants to pass a test demonstrating safe and lawful weapon use. However, many states are removing training requirements and gun owners' behaviors and decision-making are under-examined. We sought to assess whether virtual reality (VR) could provide insight into these elements in the context of public carrying. Methods: We created a novel VR system with a practice-f…
A scoping review of empirical research on firearms and firearm violence among sexual and gender minority populations in the United States
BACKGROUND: Firearms-related health sciences research has documented disparities in fatal and nonfatal firearm injury impacting populations in the United States defined by race and ethnicity, age, gender, and geography. Recent reports from research and advocacy organizations have highlighted a need for this research to include sexual and gender minority (ie, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer [LGBTQ+]) populations to guide public heal…
State-by-State Review
Purpose: Following George Floyd’s death, the push for law enforcement accountability policies has intensified. Despite robust legislative action, challenges in enacting and implementing meaningful reforms persist. This study analyzes police accountability policies (PAP) in the U.S. from 2020 to 2022, identifying barriers and facilitators through expert perspectives in enforcement oversight, policy advocacy, and community engagement. Methods: The …
Public Firearms Carriage and Public Opinion, National Gun Policy Survey, 2023
Objectives. To examine US public opinion on whether people should be allowed to carry firearms in “sensitive locations” (i.e., where firearm carry is not allowed, even for those with valid concealed carry permits). Methods. We used data from the 2023 National Gun Policy Survey to understand attitudes on gun carrying in potentially sensitive places. Respondents were asked to respond yes or no to allowing people to carry in various locations. We ge…
A Multidimensional Approach to Measure Structural Racism and Its Association with Fatal and Nonfatal Community Firearm Violence at the Census Tract Level in New York City
Structural racism is an important determinant of health inequities. Recent studies have operationalized structural racism using latent construct approaches to capture its multidimensionality instead of relying on single indicators as structural racism proxies. However, such studies have only captured multidimensional structural racism at larger geographies, not census tract level. A latent profile model used unidimensional indicators across the d…
Gun Ownership and Violence Research (25 obras) · Poison control (21 obras) · Political science (18 obras) · Medicine (17 obras) · Suicide and Self-Harm Studies (16 obras) · Criminology (15 obras) · Psychology (15 obras) · Suicide prevention (15 obras) · Injury prevention (14 obras) · Law (14 obras)