Romaina Iqbal
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3473797 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Romaina Iqbal |
| NOMBRES | Romaina |
| APELLIDO | Iqbal |
| FIRMA | IQBAL R |
| AFILIACIONES | Aga Khan University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5364-4366 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 22 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 1 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 22 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2009 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 1 |
Conducting tobacco control surveys among schoolchildren in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan
Most of the world’s 300 million smokeless tobacco (ST) users live in South Asia but ST policies for that region are poorly researched, developed and implemented. Longitudinal studies to understand the uptake and use of ST and smoking, and influences on these, such as health promotion strategies, are lacking. We planned to conduct longitudinal surveys among secondary school students in three countries with the highest ST burden: Bangladesh, India …
Concordance of weight status between mothers and children
The findings indicate that the weight status of mother's is positively associated with that of their children, particularly after age 2. These associations further strengthen the call for research regarding interventions and policies aimed at healthy weight promotion among mothers and their children collectively, rather than focusing on individuals in isolation
Level of compliance to smoke-free laws by restaurants in Karachi
Our study reveals disparities in the compliance of smoke-free laws between low-end and high-end restaurants, highlighting the need to enforce these laws across all restaurant categories effectively
Couple concordance in diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia in urban India and Pakistan and associated socioeconomic and household characteristics and modifiable risk factors
BACKGROUND: Concordance in chronic disease status has been observed within couples. In urban India and Pakistan, little is known about couple concordance in diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia and associated socioeconomic characteristics and modifiable risk factors. METHODS: We analysed cross-sectional data from 2548 couples from the Centre for cArdio-metabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia cohort in Chennai, Delhi and Karachi. We estimated …
Non-compliant packaging and illicit smokeless tobacco in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan
Weak and poorly enforced ST control policies may be slowing the progress of tobacco control in South Asia. Standardised regulations are required for packaging and labelling ST. Improving compliance and reducing sale of cheap illicit products may require business licensing and market surveillance
Analysis of OpenStreetMap Data Quality at Different Stages of a Participatory Mapping Process
This paper examines OpenStreetMap data quality at different stages of a participatory mapping process in seven slums in Africa and Asia. Data were drawn from an OpenStreetMap-based participatory mapping process developed as part of a research project focusing on understanding inequalities in healthcare access of slum residents in the Global South. Descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis were employed to examine the following research ques…
The influence of the urban food environment on diet, nutrition and health outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries
Illicit cigarette trade in the cities of Pakistan
One in six cigarette packs consumed in Pakistan could be illicit. These figures are far less than those propagated by the tobacco industry. Collecting packs from waste recycle stores is an efficient and valid method to estimate illicit cigarette trade
Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 155 722 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (Pure)
Impact of the societal response to Covid-19 on access to healthcare for non-Covid-19 health issues in slum communities of Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria and Pakistan
INTRODUCTION: With COVID-19, there is urgency for policymakers to understand and respond to the health needs of slum communities. Lockdowns for pandemic control have health, social and economic consequences. We consider access to healthcare before and during COVID-19 with those working and living in slum communities. METHODS: In seven slums in Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria and Pakistan, we explored stakeholder perspectives and experiences of healthc…
The household economic burden of non-communicable diseases in 18 countries
Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death globally. In 2014, the United Nations committed to reducing premature mortality from NCDs, including by reducing the burden of healthcare costs. Since 2014, the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study has been collecting health expenditure data from households with NCDs in 18 countries. Methods: Using data from the PURE Study, we estimated risk of catastroph…
Socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular disease in 20 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries
Background Socioeconomic status is associated with differences in risk factors for cardiovascular disease incidence and outcomes, including mortality. However, it is unclear whether the associations between cardiovascular disease and common measures of socioeconomic status—wealth and education—differ among high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries, and, if so, why these differences exist. We explored the association between education a…
Household, community, sub-national and country-level predictors of primary cooking fuel switching in nine countries from the Pure study
The importance of community and sub-national factors relative to household characteristics in determining polluting-to-clean fuel switching varied dramatically across the nine countries examined. This highlights the potential importance of national and other contextual factors in shaping large-scale clean cooking transitions among rural communities in low- and middle-income countries
Facilitators and Barriers toward Food Security of Afghan Refugees Residing in Karachi, Pakistan
The present study comparatively assesses how Afghan refugees in Pakistan understand both the factors and barriers affecting their food security status before and after refuge. Through qualitative in-depth interviews with 25 Afghan refugee families, we assess how quality of life, together with perceptions of a balanced meal, food environments both pre- and post-migration and push and pull factors of migration, impact food security and food choices…
The effect of physical activity on mortality and cardiovascular disease in 130 000 people from 17 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries
Global and Regional Effects of Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors Associated With Acute Stroke in 32 Countries (Interstroke)
Availability, affordability, and consumption of fruits and vegetables in 18 countries across income levels
BACKGROUND: Several international guidelines recommend the consumption of two servings of fruits and three servings of vegetables per day, but their intake is thought to be low worldwide. We aimed to determine the extent to which such low intake is related to availability and affordability. METHODS: We assessed fruit and vegetable consumption using data from country-specific, validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires in the Prospe…
Wealth and cardiovascular health
Inequality in hypertension management outcomes decreased as countries became richer, but the considerable variation in patterns of wealth-related inequality - even among countries at similar levels of economic development - underscores the importance of health systems in improving hypertension management for all. These findings show that some, but not all, countries, including those with limited resources, have been able to achieve more equitable…
Nutrition labelling, marketing techniques, nutrition claims and health claims on chip and biscuit packages from sixteen countries
Objective Food packages were objectively assessed to explore differences in nutrition labelling, selected promotional marketing techniques and health and nutrition claims between countries, in comparison to national regulations. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Chip and sweet biscuit packages were collected from sixteen countries at different levels of economic development in the EPOCH (Environmental Profile of a Community’s Health) study between …
Prognostic value of grip strength
Full funding sources listed at end of paper (see Acknowledgments).
Development and validation of sunlight exposure measurement questionnaire (SEM-Q) for use in adult population residing in Pakistan
The sunlight exposure measurement questionnaires were valid tools for use in large epidemiological studies to quantify sunlight exposure
Refinement and validation of an FFQ developed to estimate macro- and micronutrient intakes in a south Indian population
Objective Potential error sources in nutrient estimation with the FFQ include inaccurate or biased recall and overestimation or underestimation of intake due to too many or too few items on the FFQ, respectively. Here we report the refinement of an FFQ that overestimated nutrient intake and its validation against multiple 24 h recalls. Study design Data on 2527 participants in south India (Trivandrum) were available for the original FFQ (OFFQ) th…
Couple concordance in diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia in urban India and Pakistan and associated socioeconomic and household characteristics and modifiable risk factors
BACKGROUND: Concordance in chronic disease status has been observed within couples. In urban India and Pakistan, little is known about couple concordance in diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia and associated socioeconomic characteristics and modifiable risk factors. METHODS: We analysed cross-sectional data from 2548 couples from the Centre for cArdio-metabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia cohort in Chennai, Delhi and Karachi. We estimated …
Refinement and validation of an FFQ developed to estimate macro- and micronutrient intakes in a south Indian population
Objective Potential error sources in nutrient estimation with the FFQ include inaccurate or biased recall and overestimation or underestimation of intake due to too many or too few items on the FFQ, respectively. Here we report the refinement of an FFQ that overestimated nutrient intake and its validation against multiple 24 h recalls. Study design Data on 2527 participants in south India (Trivandrum) were available for the original FFQ (OFFQ) th…
Development and validation of sunlight exposure measurement questionnaire (SEM-Q) for use in adult population residing in Pakistan
The sunlight exposure measurement questionnaires were valid tools for use in large epidemiological studies to quantify sunlight exposure
Prognostic value of grip strength
Full funding sources listed at end of paper (see Acknowledgments).
Global and Regional Effects of Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors Associated With Acute Stroke in 32 Countries (Interstroke)
Availability, affordability, and consumption of fruits and vegetables in 18 countries across income levels
BACKGROUND: Several international guidelines recommend the consumption of two servings of fruits and three servings of vegetables per day, but their intake is thought to be low worldwide. We aimed to determine the extent to which such low intake is related to availability and affordability. METHODS: We assessed fruit and vegetable consumption using data from country-specific, validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires in the Prospe…
Wealth and cardiovascular health
Inequality in hypertension management outcomes decreased as countries became richer, but the considerable variation in patterns of wealth-related inequality - even among countries at similar levels of economic development - underscores the importance of health systems in improving hypertension management for all. These findings show that some, but not all, countries, including those with limited resources, have been able to achieve more equitable…
Nutrition labelling, marketing techniques, nutrition claims and health claims on chip and biscuit packages from sixteen countries
Objective Food packages were objectively assessed to explore differences in nutrition labelling, selected promotional marketing techniques and health and nutrition claims between countries, in comparison to national regulations. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Chip and sweet biscuit packages were collected from sixteen countries at different levels of economic development in the EPOCH (Environmental Profile of a Community’s Health) study between …
The effect of physical activity on mortality and cardiovascular disease in 130 000 people from 17 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries
Socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular disease in 20 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries
Background Socioeconomic status is associated with differences in risk factors for cardiovascular disease incidence and outcomes, including mortality. However, it is unclear whether the associations between cardiovascular disease and common measures of socioeconomic status—wealth and education—differ among high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries, and, if so, why these differences exist. We explored the association between education a…
Household, community, sub-national and country-level predictors of primary cooking fuel switching in nine countries from the Pure study
The importance of community and sub-national factors relative to household characteristics in determining polluting-to-clean fuel switching varied dramatically across the nine countries examined. This highlights the potential importance of national and other contextual factors in shaping large-scale clean cooking transitions among rural communities in low- and middle-income countries
Facilitators and Barriers toward Food Security of Afghan Refugees Residing in Karachi, Pakistan
The present study comparatively assesses how Afghan refugees in Pakistan understand both the factors and barriers affecting their food security status before and after refuge. Through qualitative in-depth interviews with 25 Afghan refugee families, we assess how quality of life, together with perceptions of a balanced meal, food environments both pre- and post-migration and push and pull factors of migration, impact food security and food choices…
Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 155 722 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (Pure)
Impact of the societal response to Covid-19 on access to healthcare for non-Covid-19 health issues in slum communities of Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria and Pakistan
INTRODUCTION: With COVID-19, there is urgency for policymakers to understand and respond to the health needs of slum communities. Lockdowns for pandemic control have health, social and economic consequences. We consider access to healthcare before and during COVID-19 with those working and living in slum communities. METHODS: In seven slums in Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria and Pakistan, we explored stakeholder perspectives and experiences of healthc…
The household economic burden of non-communicable diseases in 18 countries
Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death globally. In 2014, the United Nations committed to reducing premature mortality from NCDs, including by reducing the burden of healthcare costs. Since 2014, the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study has been collecting health expenditure data from households with NCDs in 18 countries. Methods: Using data from the PURE Study, we estimated risk of catastroph…
Analysis of OpenStreetMap Data Quality at Different Stages of a Participatory Mapping Process
This paper examines OpenStreetMap data quality at different stages of a participatory mapping process in seven slums in Africa and Asia. Data were drawn from an OpenStreetMap-based participatory mapping process developed as part of a research project focusing on understanding inequalities in healthcare access of slum residents in the Global South. Descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis were employed to examine the following research ques…
The influence of the urban food environment on diet, nutrition and health outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries
Illicit cigarette trade in the cities of Pakistan
One in six cigarette packs consumed in Pakistan could be illicit. These figures are far less than those propagated by the tobacco industry. Collecting packs from waste recycle stores is an efficient and valid method to estimate illicit cigarette trade
Non-compliant packaging and illicit smokeless tobacco in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan
Weak and poorly enforced ST control policies may be slowing the progress of tobacco control in South Asia. Standardised regulations are required for packaging and labelling ST. Improving compliance and reducing sale of cheap illicit products may require business licensing and market surveillance
Couple concordance in diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia in urban India and Pakistan and associated socioeconomic and household characteristics and modifiable risk factors
BACKGROUND: Concordance in chronic disease status has been observed within couples. In urban India and Pakistan, little is known about couple concordance in diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia and associated socioeconomic characteristics and modifiable risk factors. METHODS: We analysed cross-sectional data from 2548 couples from the Centre for cArdio-metabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia cohort in Chennai, Delhi and Karachi. We estimated …
Conducting tobacco control surveys among schoolchildren in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan
Most of the world’s 300 million smokeless tobacco (ST) users live in South Asia but ST policies for that region are poorly researched, developed and implemented. Longitudinal studies to understand the uptake and use of ST and smoking, and influences on these, such as health promotion strategies, are lacking. We planned to conduct longitudinal surveys among secondary school students in three countries with the highest ST burden: Bangladesh, India …
Concordance of weight status between mothers and children
The findings indicate that the weight status of mother's is positively associated with that of their children, particularly after age 2. These associations further strengthen the call for research regarding interventions and policies aimed at healthy weight promotion among mothers and their children collectively, rather than focusing on individuals in isolation
Level of compliance to smoke-free laws by restaurants in Karachi
Our study reveals disparities in the compliance of smoke-free laws between low-end and high-end restaurants, highlighting the need to enforce these laws across all restaurant categories effectively
Environmental health (19 obras) · Medicine (19 obras) · Population (9 obras) · Geography (8 obras) · Public health (7 obras) · Business (6 obras) · Demography (6 obras) · Economics (6 obras) · Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology (5 obras) · Economic growth (4 obras)