Michel Garenne
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 354255 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Michel Garenne |
| NOMBRES | Michel |
| APELLIDO | Garenne |
| FIRMA | GARENNE M |
| AFILIACIONES | Institut Pasteur |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6073-7803 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 54 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 130 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 54 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1979 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Population Dynamics of Religious Affiliations in Nigeria
The study presents an overview on population dynamics of the two main religious affiliations in Nigeria: Christian and Muslim religions. The population of the two groups was estimated at 30-year intervals (1930, 1960, 1990, 2020). Data used for the reconstruction came from three population censuses and from ten demographic sample surveys. Population growth rates of Christians and Muslims were compared with estimates of net fertility derived from …
Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men
The study investigates the statistical relationship between male circumcision and HIV prevalence in Africa, in the context of the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) campaigns in place since 2008. Data from the Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA) surveys conducted in African countries in 2017-2018 were utilized. Six countries with high HIV prevalence, low traditional circumcision and large VMMC programs were selected: Eswatini, L…
Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho
The study investigates the complex relationships between circumcision and HIV prevalence in Lesotho, using Demographic and Health surveys (DHS) conducted in 2004, 2009 and 2014. Before the HIV epidemic, about half of the male adult population was circumcised as part of a traditional custom, and this proportion increased markedly after 2008 with the campaigns of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC), while HIV prevalence stayed at the same le…
How age and sex affect treatment outcomes for children with severe malnutrition
Age and sex influence the risk of childhood wasting. We aimed to determine if wasting treatment outcomes differ by age and sex in children under 5 years, enroled in therapeutic and supplementary feeding programmes. Utilising data from stage 1 of the ComPAS trial, we used logistic regression to assess the association between age, sex and wasting treatment outcomes (recovery, death, default, non-response, and transfer), modelling the likelihood of …
Prognostic value of different anthropometric indices over different measurement intervals to predict mortality in 6–59-month-old children
Objective: To compare the prognostic value of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), weight-for-height Z -score (WHZ) and weight-for-age Z -score (WAZ) for predicting death over periods of 1, 3 and 6 months follow-up in children. Design: Pooled analysis of twelve prospective studies examining survival after anthropometric assessment. Sensitivity and false-positive ratios to predict death within 1, 3 and 6 months were compared for three individual an…
Anthropometric criteria for best-identifying children at high risk of mortality
Objective: To understand which anthropometric diagnostic criteria best discriminate higher from lower risk of death in children and explore programme implications. Design: A multiple cohort individual data meta-analysis of mortality risk (within 6 months of measurement) by anthropometric case definitions. Sensitivity, specificity, informedness and inclusivity in predicting mortality, face validity and compatibility with current standards and prac…
Parental sex-preferences in South Africa
The study investigates parental sex-preferences for children in South Africa, using answers to the 2016 DHS survey. Some 8514 women and 3618 men were asked about the ideal composition of their family. Results show major differences between women and men: women were more often indifferent (11.9% vs. 9.9%), equalitarian, i.e. preferring the same number of boys and girls (53.1% vs. 43.1%) or preferring more girls (16.7% vs. 8.4%) than men, while men…
Changing sex differences in undernutrition of African children
The study investigates sex differences in the prevalence of undernutrition in sub-Saharan Africa. Undernutrition was defined by Z -scores using the CDC-2000 growth charts. Some 128 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) were analysed, totalling 700,114 children under-five. The results revealed a higher susceptibility of boys to undernutrition. Male-to-female ratios of prevalence averaged 1.18 for stunting (height-for-age Z -score Z -score Z -score …
Age at menarche in Nigerian demographic surveys
Age at menarche was investigated using data collected from demographic surveys (WFS, DHS) conducted in Nigeria between 1982 and 2018, all of which were based on large representative samples of the female population. Linear-logistic regressions were used to estimate mean age at menarche, its trends and its risk factors. Mean age at menarche had underwent a marked secular decline from 15.02 years for girls born in 1933 to 13.78 years for girls born…
Voluntary medical male circumcision and HIV in Zambia
The study analysed the HIV/AIDS situation in Zambia six years after the onset of mass campaigns of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC). The analysis was based on data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in 2001, 2007 and 2013. Results show that HIV prevalence among men aged 15–29 (the target group for VMMC) did not decrease over the period, despite a decline in HIV prevalence among women of the same age group (most of their…
Boys are more likely to be undernourished than girls
Taller but thinner
Objective: To investigate trends in child anthropometry in Senegal between 1990 and 2015 and relate them with potential causes. Several hypotheses were tested: changes in health status, income, diet and socio-economic status. Design: Statistical analysis of trends in anthropometric data: height, weight, BMI and associated Z -scores calculated with the CDC-2000 standard (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for…
Trends in age at menarche and adult height in selected African countries (1950–1980)
Background: The mean age at menarche remains poorly documented in Africa. Aim: To document levels, trends, and determinants of mean age at menarche in selected African populations. Subjects and methods: The World Fertility Surveys recorded the age at menarche in 12 African countries. These surveys were conducted from 1977 to 1983 and were based on large representative samples of national populations. Demographic and Health Surveys provided trends…
Covid-19 and socioeconomic development in Africa
The study covers the first 6 months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemics in 56 African countries (February 2020-August 2020). It links epidemiological parameters (incidence, case fatality) with demographic parameters (population density, urbanization, population concentration, fertility, mortality, and age structure), with economic parameters (gross domestic product [GDP] per capita, air transport), and with public health paramete…
Improving screening for malnourished children at high risk of death
Objective To investigate whether children with concurrent wasting and stunting require therapeutic feeding and to better understand whether multiple diagnostic criteria are needed to identify children with a high risk of death and in need of treatment. Design Community-based cohort study, following 5751 children through time. Each child was visited up to four times at 6-month intervals. Anthropometric measurements were taken at each visit. Surviv…
Concurrent wasting and stunting among under‐five children in Niakhar, Senegal
The study describes the patterns of concurrent wasting and stunting (WaSt) among children age 6–59 months living in the 1980s in Niakhar, a rural area of Senegal under demographic surveillance. Wasting and stunting were defined by z scores lower than −2 in weight for height and height for age. Both conditions were found to be highly prevalent, wasting more so before age 30 months, stunting more so after age 30 months. As a result, concurrent WaSt…
The Enigma of Ethiopian Sex Ratios at Birth
This study analysed sex ratios at birth (defined as the number of male births per 100 female births) using data on children ever-born from three censuses conducted in Ethiopia in 1984, 1994 and 2007. The results showed very high values by any standard, with an average of 108.4 for a sample of some 8.2 million births, with somewhat lower values in urban areas. Analysis of socioeconomic correlates revealed that the sex ratio varied very much by hou…
Completeness of birth and death registration in a rural area of South Africa
BACKGROUND: Completeness of vital registration remains very low in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in rural areas. OBJECTIVES: To investigate trends and factors in completeness of birth and death registration in Agincourt, a rural area of South Africa covering a population of about 110,000 persons, under demographic surveillance since 1992. The population belongs to the Shangaan ethnic group and hosts a sizeable community of Mozambican refugees. D…
Traditional Wealth, Modern Goods, and Demographic Behavior in Rural Senegal
Gender Saturation in the Southern Caucasus
The study investigates the complex relationships between sex-selective abortion and family composition in two countries of the Southern Caucasus: Armenia and Azerbaijan. Data were drawn from maternity histories recorded in Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs). In both countries, the relationship between the sex ratio of the next birth and the number of girls already born changed from negative to positive after 1992, when sex-selective abortion b…
Convergence in fertility of South Africans and Mozambicans in rural South Africa, 1993–2009
BACKGROUND: Although there are significant numbers of people displaced by war in Africa, very little is known about long-term changes in the fertility of refugees. Refugees of the Mozambican civil war (1977-1992) settled in many neighbouring countries, including South Africa. A large number of Mozambican refugees settled within the Agincourt sub-district, underpinned by a Health and Socio-demographic Surveillance Site (AHDSS), established in 1992…
Adequacy of child anthropometric indicators for measuring nutritional stress at population level
Objective To compare the responsiveness of different anthropometric indicators for measuring nutritional stress among children in developing countries. Design Growth was studied within 6-month intervals in a rural Senegalese community during one dry and two rainy (hungry) seasons. Responsiveness was defined as the change divided by the standard deviation of each anthropometric indicator. Contrast was defined as the difference in responsiveness be…
La circoncision médicale masculine comme outil d’une politique sanitaire
Auteur(s) : Michel Garenne* [email protected] * demographe, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Unite Resiliences ; Institut Pasteur, Unite d’Epidemiologie des Maladies Emergentes, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France ; Witwatersrand University, School of Public Health, Johannesburg, South Africa Voir version PDF
La circoncision médicale masculine comme outil d'une politique sanitaire
Mid‐upper arm circumference and weight‐for‐height to identify high‐risk malnourished under‐five children
The World Health Organization and UNICEF define non‐oedematous severe acute malnutrition (SAM) either by a mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) less than 115 mm or by a weight‐for‐height z‐score (WHZ) less than –3. The objective of this study was to assess whether there was any benefit to identify malnourished children with a high risk of death to combine these two diagnostic criteria. Data of a longitudinal study examining the relationship between…
The 1918 Influenza Epidemic's Effects on Sex Differentials in Mortality in the United States
The 1918 influenza epidemic had a marked and fairly long-lasting effect on the sex differential in mortality in the United States. After 1918 women lost most of their mortality advantage over men and the female/male gap did not regain its pre-epidemic level until the 1930s. An analysis of causes of deaths shows a link with tuberculosis. We conjecture the existence of a selection effect, whereby many 1918 influenza deaths were among tuberculous pe…
Children's residence patterns and educational attainment in rural South Africa, 1997
Using data collected by the Agincourt Health and Population Programme in a rural sub-district of South Africa's Northern Province, this paper describes the residential arrangements of a population in rural South Africa, and analyses the impact of these arrangements on children's educational attainment. Children with co-resident parents generally have higher levels of schooling than those who have one or no co-resident parents. However, having a f…
The Timing of the Fertility Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa
Premarital Fertility in Rural South Africa
The age pattern of fertility in a rural area of South Africa under demographic surveillance (Agincourt subdistrict) was investigated over the 1992–97 period. The total fertility rate (TFR) averaged 3.3 births per woman of reproductive age over the period, a major drop from earlier estimates in the same area (6.0 births in 1970–74). Age‐specific fertility rates showed an atypical bimodal pattern. They were decomposed into two components of similar…
Vulnerability and Resilience
Understanding Marital and Premarital Fertility in Rural South Africa
The age pattern of fertility in a rural area of South Africa under health and demographic surveillance (Agincourt subdistrict) was investigated over the 1992–1997 period. The total fertility rate (number of children born, on average, to the women of this population) averaged 3.3 over the period, a major drop from earlier estimates in the same area (6.0 in 1970–1974). Age-specific fertility rates showed an atypical bimodal pattern composed of two …
Accuracy of Indirect Estimates of Maternal Mortality
Traditional Wealth, Modern Goods, and Demographic Behavior in Rural Senegal
Maternal mortality in South Africa
Poisson Variations of the Sex Ratio at Birth in African Demographic Surveys
Variations of the sex ratio at birth (SRB) were investigated using maternity history data collected in demographic surveys conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. Thirty-three countries were covered, totaling about 2.0 million births. The average SRB was 1.034 and varied by ethnicity, birth order, and maternal age. The effect of maternal age was significant for younger mothers (12–19 years old) and older mothers (40–49 years old), with a decline in sex …
Inconsistencies in age profiles of HIV prevalence
A two-sex compartmental model of the dynamics of HIV infection was developed and applied to the case of Zambia. Parameters include age specific rates of fertility, mortality, entry into sexual life, number of partners and age of partners. They were all
Comparison of retrospective surveys with a longitudinal follow-up in Senegal
Socio-political and Economic Context of Child Survival in Rwanda over the 1950–2000 Period
Direct and Indirect Estimates of Maternal Mortality in Rural Burkina Faso
A retrospective study of maternal mortality was conducted in Nouna, a rural area of Burkina Faso in 1992. Strong evidence was found of a major mortality decline among children and young adults over the 50 years preceding the study: The estimated life expectancy of 36 years in around 1945 rose to 58 years in 1991. Direct and indirect (using the sisterhood method) estimates of the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) were compared. Overall, the direct es…
Analyse de la fécondité en Algérie par la méthode des correspondances
Garenne Michel. Analyse de la fécondité en Algérie par la méthode des correspondances. In: Population, 34e année, n°1, 1979. pp. 196-203
La taille des ménages en Afrique tropicale
Polygyny and Fertility Among the Sereer of Senegal
The population laboratory of Ngayokhème, in Senegal, has been observed longitudinally since 1962. Information on marital status at the time of birth (rather than at the time of a survey) is used to examine the effect of polygyny on fertility. Although plural marriages are less fertile and the rank order of the wife has an effect, the mechanism appears to operate through the age difference of the spouses and the greater likelihood of temporary sep…
Comparison of retrospective surveys with a longitudinal follow-up in Senegal
Les femmes oublient-elles leurs maternités? Étude rétrospective réalisée dans les zones rurales du Sénégal (Niakhar)
Direct and Indirect Estimates of Maternal Mortality in Rural Burkina Faso
A retrospective study of maternal mortality was conducted in Nouna, a rural area of Burkina Faso in 1992. Strong evidence was found of a major mortality decline among children and young adults over the 50 years preceding the study: The estimated life expectancy of 36 years in around 1945 rose to 58 years in 1991. Direct and indirect (using the sisterhood method) estimates of the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) were compared. Overall, the direct es…
Accuracy of Indirect Estimates of Maternal Mortality
Premarital Fertility in Rural South Africa
The age pattern of fertility in a rural area of South Africa under demographic surveillance (Agincourt subdistrict) was investigated over the 1992–97 period. The total fertility rate (TFR) averaged 3.3 births per woman of reproductive age over the period, a major drop from earlier estimates in the same area (6.0 births in 1970–74). Age‐specific fertility rates showed an atypical bimodal pattern. They were decomposed into two components of similar…
The 1918 Influenza Epidemic's Effects on Sex Differentials in Mortality in the United States
The 1918 influenza epidemic had a marked and fairly long-lasting effect on the sex differential in mortality in the United States. After 1918 women lost most of their mortality advantage over men and the female/male gap did not regain its pre-epidemic level until the 1930s. An analysis of causes of deaths shows a link with tuberculosis. We conjecture the existence of a selection effect, whereby many 1918 influenza deaths were among tuberculous pe…
Understanding Marital and Premarital Fertility in Rural South Africa
The age pattern of fertility in a rural area of South Africa under health and demographic surveillance (Agincourt subdistrict) was investigated over the 1992–1997 period. The total fertility rate (number of children born, on average, to the women of this population) averaged 3.3 over the period, a major drop from earlier estimates in the same area (6.0 in 1970–1974). Age-specific fertility rates showed an atypical bimodal pattern composed of two …
The Timing of the Fertility Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa
The Political Economy of an Urban Famine
The aim of this article is to describe the political economy of an urban famine that occurred in Antananarivo, the capital city of Madagascar, in 1985-6. This famine is atypical in many respects, since it was an urban famine occurring in peacetime, 1 and it remained hidden for a long time. It was discovered by analysing the demographic data of deaths registered in the city This analysis focuses on the economic and political mechanisms underlying …
Children's residence patterns and educational attainment in rural South Africa, 1997
Using data collected by the Agincourt Health and Population Programme in a rural sub-district of South Africa's Northern Province, this paper describes the residential arrangements of a population in rural South Africa, and analyses the impact of these arrangements on children's educational attainment. Children with co-resident parents generally have higher levels of schooling than those who have one or no co-resident parents. However, having a f…
Sex Differences in Health Indicators Among Children in African DHS Surveys
The study analyses various sex differences observed among children in WFS and DHS surveys conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. Four outcome indicators are presented: neonatal mortality, postneonatal mortality, child mortality and prevalence of malnutrition. Three indicators of health seeking behaviour are presented: vaccination, oral rehydration therapy and duration of breast-feeding. The statistical analysis focuses on comparison of the observed dis…
Vulnérabilité et santé en Ouzbékistan
L’étude analyse l’ordre de grandeur des différentiels de mortalité en Ouzbékistan, un pays d’Asie centrale anciennement soviétique, et le compare avec celui des pays d’Afrique sub-saharienne. Les données sont fournies par les enquêtes démographiques et sanitaires (EDS). Un indice de richesse, variant sur une échelle de 0 à 12, est construit à partir des biens possédés par le ménage et la qualité de l’habitat. Les différentiels de mortalité sont c…
Premarital Fertility in Namibia
Premarital fertility, defined as fertility before first marriage, was found to be highly prevalent in Namibia. According to data from the 1992 and 2000 DHS surveys, the proportion of premarital births was 43% for all births, and 60% for the first birth. This seemed to be primarily due to a late mean age at first marriage (26·4 years) and low levels of contraception before first marriage. Data were analysed using a variety of demographic methods, …
Vulnerability and Resilience
Socio-political and Economic Context of Child Survival in Rwanda over the 1950–2000 Period
Inconsistencies in age profiles of HIV prevalence
A two-sex compartmental model of the dynamics of HIV infection was developed and applied to the case of Zambia. Parameters include age specific rates of fertility, mortality, entry into sexual life, number of partners and age of partners. They were all
Long-term population effect of male circumcision in generalised HIV epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa
This paper examines the complex relationship between male circumcision and HIV prevalence and incidence in sub-Saharan African countries that have generalised epidemics. In South Africa, the mean yearly HIV incidence and an estimate of the net reproduction rate of the epidemic (R 0) (in this case, the ratio of the number of HIV-infected persons between 1994 and 2004 to the number of persons infected in 1994 from which they were presumed to have b…
Poisson Variations of the Sex Ratio at Birth in African Demographic Surveys
Variations of the sex ratio at birth (SRB) were investigated using maternity history data collected in demographic surveys conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. Thirty-three countries were covered, totaling about 2.0 million births. The average SRB was 1.034 and varied by ethnicity, birth order, and maternal age. The effect of maternal age was significant for younger mothers (12–19 years old) and older mothers (40–49 years old), with a decline in sex …
Sex Ratio at Birth and Family Composition in Sub-Saharan Africa
In this study, sex ratios at birth (male/female births) were found to vary according to family composition. Using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) maternity histories from sub-Saharan Africa, the study shows that the sex ratio at birth increases with the number of previous male births and decreases with the number of previous female births. For families with only males, the sex ratio increases from 1·046 for the first birth to 1·083 for the 8t…
The Sex Composition of Two-Children Families
The Sex Composition of Two-Children Families: Heterogeneity and Selection for the Third Child: Comment on Stansfield and Carlton (2009) Michel Garenne The study presented by Stansfield and Carlton (2009) (in this issue of Human Biology, pp. 3–11) raises several issues about the sex ratio at birth and family composition and focuses on the sex composition of two-children families in the context of family limitation. Under the assumption of homogene…
The Sex Composition of Two-Children Families
Incidence and duration of severe wasting in two African populations
Objective The present study aimed to compare two situations of endemic malnutrition among Design Secondary analysis of longitudinal studies, conducted several years ago, which allowed incidence and duration to be calculated from transition rates. The first site was Niakhar in Senegal, an area under demographic surveillance, where we followed a cohort of children in 1983–5. The second site was Bwamanda in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where we…
Demography (43 obras) · Medicine (30 obras) · Population (30 obras) · Sociology (26 obras) · Global Maternal and Child Health (23 obras) · Demography (21 obras) · Geography (20 obras) · Child Nutrition and Water Access (16 obras) · Environmental health (14 obras) · Fertility (13 obras)