Charles F Hildebolt
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3578415 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Charles F Hildebolt |
| NOMBRES | Charles F |
| APELLIDO | Hildebolt |
| FIRMA | HILDEBOLT C F |
| AFILIACIONES | Mallinckrodt (United States) |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0229-6795 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 24 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 157 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 24 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1986 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2018 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Digital Radiography for the Quantification of Alveolar Bone Loss in Studies of Periodontal Disease Variation
Annual War Deaths in Small-Scale versus State Societies Scale with Population Size Rather than Violence
In The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined, psychologist Steven Pinker cites mean ratios of war (battle) deaths suffered annually per 100,000 individuals as evidence for concluding that people who live in states are less violent than those who live or lived in "hunting, gathering, and horticultural societies in which our species spent most of its evolutionary history." Because such ratios are blind to actual population sizes, i…
Differential diagnosis of vertebral spinous process deviations in archaeological and modern domestic dogs
Differential diagnosis of an unusual shoulder articular lesion in an ancient domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris L., 1758)
Nonpathological asymmetry in LB1 ( Homo floresiensis )
Genetic and environmental contributions to variation in baboon cranial morphology
The development, function, and integration of morphological characteristics are all hypothesized to influence the utility of traits for phylogenetic reconstruction by affecting the way in which morphological characteristics evolve. We use a baboon model to test the hypotheses about phenotypic and quantitative genetic variation of traits in the cranium that bear on a phenotype's propensity to evolve. We test the hypotheses that: 1) individual trai…
The type specimen (LB1) of Homo floresiensis did not have Laron Syndrome
The type specimen (LB1) of Homo floresiensis has been hypothesized to be a pathological human afflicted with Laron Syndrome (LS), a type of primary growth hormone insensitivity (Hershkovitz et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 134 [2007] 198–208). Comparing measurements, photographs and three‐dimensional, computed‐tomography reconstructions of LB1 with data and diagnoses from the literature on LS, we critically evaluate numerous skull and postcranial trai…
LB1's virtual endocast, microcephaly, and hominin brain evolution
The Brain of LB1, Homo floresiensis
The brain of Homo floresiensis was assessed by comparing a virtual endocast from the type specimen (LB1) with endocasts from great apes, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens , a human pygmy, a human microcephalic, specimen number Sts 5 ( Australopithecus africanus ), and specimen number WT 17000 ( Paranthropus aethiopicus ). Morphometric, allometric, and shape data indicate that LB1 is not a microcephalic or pygmy. LB1's brain/body size ratio scales like t…
Brain expansion and rotation during hominid evolution
Image-based quantification of alveolar bone
Diminished alveolar bone support is the principal cause of tooth loss. This bone loss is most commonly attributed to periodontal disease. The causes of periodontal disease are not fully understood although bacteria in dental plaque are known to be major contributors. Moreover, it is thought that the incidence and prevalence of alveolar bone loss vary among human populations, hence identification of high-risk groups is essential to epidemiological…
Relationship of squamosal suture to asterion on external skull surfaces versus endocasts of pongids
The relationship between the squamosal suture and asterion was quantified in 15 hemispheres of eight chimpanzee endocasts that were aligned in the conventional lateral view (i.e., with frontal pole [FP]–occipital pole [OP] horizontal). Using a three‐dimensional digitizer, x, y, and z coordinates were collected for the highest and lowest points of the squamosal suture, and the most rostral point of the suture approximate to the coronal suture. Our…
Alveolar bone loss in wild baboons
Radiograph‐based methods were used to assess alveolar bone loss in 12 juvenile and 18 adult baboons ( Papio hamadryas , sensu lato) living in the Awash National Park, Ethiopia. Alveolar bone loss, as measured from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar crest, averaged about 1 mm in juveniles and about 1.5 mm in adults. Densitometry of alveolar bone from the radiographs provides a baseline for comparisons with other adult baboons. Periodontal …
Hominid enamel thickness
Dental x‐rays were taken of isolated and in situ adult molar teeth of the Krapina Neandertal (n = 63) and of recent and contemporary molars (n = 423). The radiographs were digitized at high resolution (1,024 × 1,520 × 8 bits) with a 35 mm solid state scanner. Ratios of enamel cap area to the underlying dentinal‐pulpal area were determined and comparisons were made between average ratios for the Neandertal and contemporary molars. Neandertal molar…
Periodontal health in free‐ranging baboons of Ethiopia and Kenya
Frontal and lateral intraoral photographs of 19 baboons from the Awash National Park, Ethiopia and 37 baboons from Amboseli National Park, Kenya, were used to assess periodontal health. The Awash baboons, and two groups (Alto's and Hook's) at Amboseli, fed entirely from natural sources, but baboons from the third Amboseli group (Lodge) fed largely on food refuse from one of the park's lodges. Juveniles and adults were evaluated separately. Intrao…
ROC analysis of observer‐response subjective rating data—application to periodontal radiograph assessment
Many physical anthropological studies require that an observer or device discriminate between states that can be easily confused. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis currently offers the best method for determining the accuracy of such choices, particularly for small sample sizes. Although ROC analysis is widely accepted in psychophysical and biomedical testing, its use in anthropological studies has not been reported. ROC analysis i…
Validation study of skull three‐dimensional computerized tomography measurements
Recent advances in imaging have led to high‐resolution computerized tomography (CT) scanning with exquisitely detailed slice images of the skull and three‐dimensional (3‐D) surface reconstructions using computer software. It is possible to use CT scans to acquire morphologic information about the skull in a convenient digital form and to derive 3‐D measurements from surface reconstruction images. Unfortunately, no effort has been made to date to …
External brain morphology in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Caries prevalences among geochemical regions of Missouri
Our objectives were to determine how the prevalences of caries in elementary school children vary between geochemically defined regions of the state of Missouri and to compare this variation with that found for prehistoric Missouri inhabitants (Hildebolt et al.: Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 75:1–14, 1988). Caries data on 6,584 school children were used in the study of second and sixth graders drinking optimally and suboptimally fluoridated water. Geoc…
Endocranial suture closure in rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta )
Endocasts from skulls of 330 rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) of known age are scored for closure of nine bilateral and three unilateral sutures or segments of sutures. A variety of tests reveals a strong relationship between age and stages of suture closure, although increasingly broad confidence intervals prevent sutures from being very useful for precisely aging older macaques. The order in which endosutures begin to close, as well as that in…
Reassessment of the Taung early hominid from a neurological perspective
The effect of geochemical factors on prevalences of dental diseases for prehistoric inhabitants of the state of Missouri
In previous epidemiological studies, it has been suggested that geochemical factors besides fluoride may affect the prevalences of dental diseases. Our objective in this study was to determine whether the prevalences of periodontal diseases, coronal caries, and root caries for prehistoric inhabitants vary between geochemical regions of the state of Missouri. Burial sites were located on unique maps that depict geochemical variation among regions …
Three‐dimensional measurement accuracy of skull surface landmarks
Craniometric measuremnts from a three‐dimensional (3‐D) digitizing system were compared with those from sliding and spreading calipers. The 3‐D system consisted of a 3‐Space Digitizer, Macintosh Plus computer, and Unigraphics CAD/CAM system. Twenty‐nine standard measurements were made and repeated on two normal and three deformed skulls. The percentage of difference was calculated for original versus repeat measures and caliper versus 3‐D measure…
The microstructure of dentine in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies
Traditionally, physical anthropologists have focused their dental studies on features of teeth that can be observed with the unaided eye, measured with calipers, or observed with light microscopes. With the advent of the scanning electron microscope, there has been renewed interest in the use of the microstructure of enamel in phylogenetic reconstruction and taxonomic classification. The microstructure of dentine has received far less research at…
LB1's virtual endocast, microcephaly, and hominin brain evolution
Hominid enamel thickness
Dental x‐rays were taken of isolated and in situ adult molar teeth of the Krapina Neandertal (n = 63) and of recent and contemporary molars (n = 423). The radiographs were digitized at high resolution (1,024 × 1,520 × 8 bits) with a 35 mm solid state scanner. Ratios of enamel cap area to the underlying dentinal‐pulpal area were determined and comparisons were made between average ratios for the Neandertal and contemporary molars. Neandertal molar…
Genetic and environmental contributions to variation in baboon cranial morphology
The development, function, and integration of morphological characteristics are all hypothesized to influence the utility of traits for phylogenetic reconstruction by affecting the way in which morphological characteristics evolve. We use a baboon model to test the hypotheses about phenotypic and quantitative genetic variation of traits in the cranium that bear on a phenotype's propensity to evolve. We test the hypotheses that: 1) individual trai…
Endocranial suture closure in rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta )
Endocasts from skulls of 330 rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) of known age are scored for closure of nine bilateral and three unilateral sutures or segments of sutures. A variety of tests reveals a strong relationship between age and stages of suture closure, although increasingly broad confidence intervals prevent sutures from being very useful for precisely aging older macaques. The order in which endosutures begin to close, as well as that in…
Annual War Deaths in Small-Scale versus State Societies Scale with Population Size Rather than Violence
In The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined, psychologist Steven Pinker cites mean ratios of war (battle) deaths suffered annually per 100,000 individuals as evidence for concluding that people who live in states are less violent than those who live or lived in "hunting, gathering, and horticultural societies in which our species spent most of its evolutionary history." Because such ratios are blind to actual population sizes, i…
Differential diagnosis of vertebral spinous process deviations in archaeological and modern domestic dogs
The type specimen (LB1) of Homo floresiensis did not have Laron Syndrome
The type specimen (LB1) of Homo floresiensis has been hypothesized to be a pathological human afflicted with Laron Syndrome (LS), a type of primary growth hormone insensitivity (Hershkovitz et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 134 [2007] 198–208). Comparing measurements, photographs and three‐dimensional, computed‐tomography reconstructions of LB1 with data and diagnoses from the literature on LS, we critically evaluate numerous skull and postcranial trai…
Three‐dimensional measurement accuracy of skull surface landmarks
Craniometric measuremnts from a three‐dimensional (3‐D) digitizing system were compared with those from sliding and spreading calipers. The 3‐D system consisted of a 3‐Space Digitizer, Macintosh Plus computer, and Unigraphics CAD/CAM system. Twenty‐nine standard measurements were made and repeated on two normal and three deformed skulls. The percentage of difference was calculated for original versus repeat measures and caliper versus 3‐D measure…
Nonpathological asymmetry in LB1 ( Homo floresiensis )
Reassessment of the Taung early hominid from a neurological perspective
The effect of geochemical factors on prevalences of dental diseases for prehistoric inhabitants of the state of Missouri
In previous epidemiological studies, it has been suggested that geochemical factors besides fluoride may affect the prevalences of dental diseases. Our objective in this study was to determine whether the prevalences of periodontal diseases, coronal caries, and root caries for prehistoric inhabitants vary between geochemical regions of the state of Missouri. Burial sites were located on unique maps that depict geochemical variation among regions …
Periodontal health in free‐ranging baboons of Ethiopia and Kenya
Frontal and lateral intraoral photographs of 19 baboons from the Awash National Park, Ethiopia and 37 baboons from Amboseli National Park, Kenya, were used to assess periodontal health. The Awash baboons, and two groups (Alto's and Hook's) at Amboseli, fed entirely from natural sources, but baboons from the third Amboseli group (Lodge) fed largely on food refuse from one of the park's lodges. Juveniles and adults were evaluated separately. Intrao…
Validation study of skull three‐dimensional computerized tomography measurements
Recent advances in imaging have led to high‐resolution computerized tomography (CT) scanning with exquisitely detailed slice images of the skull and three‐dimensional (3‐D) surface reconstructions using computer software. It is possible to use CT scans to acquire morphologic information about the skull in a convenient digital form and to derive 3‐D measurements from surface reconstruction images. Unfortunately, no effort has been made to date to …
Caries prevalences among geochemical regions of Missouri
Our objectives were to determine how the prevalences of caries in elementary school children vary between geochemically defined regions of the state of Missouri and to compare this variation with that found for prehistoric Missouri inhabitants (Hildebolt et al.: Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 75:1–14, 1988). Caries data on 6,584 school children were used in the study of second and sixth graders drinking optimally and suboptimally fluoridated water. Geoc…
Relationship of squamosal suture to asterion on external skull surfaces versus endocasts of pongids
The relationship between the squamosal suture and asterion was quantified in 15 hemispheres of eight chimpanzee endocasts that were aligned in the conventional lateral view (i.e., with frontal pole [FP]–occipital pole [OP] horizontal). Using a three‐dimensional digitizer, x, y, and z coordinates were collected for the highest and lowest points of the squamosal suture, and the most rostral point of the suture approximate to the coronal suture. Our…
External brain morphology in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Brain expansion and rotation during hominid evolution
The microstructure of dentine in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies
Traditionally, physical anthropologists have focused their dental studies on features of teeth that can be observed with the unaided eye, measured with calipers, or observed with light microscopes. With the advent of the scanning electron microscope, there has been renewed interest in the use of the microstructure of enamel in phylogenetic reconstruction and taxonomic classification. The microstructure of dentine has received far less research at…
The microstructure of dentine in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies
Traditionally, physical anthropologists have focused their dental studies on features of teeth that can be observed with the unaided eye, measured with calipers, or observed with light microscopes. With the advent of the scanning electron microscope, there has been renewed interest in the use of the microstructure of enamel in phylogenetic reconstruction and taxonomic classification. The microstructure of dentine has received far less research at…
The effect of geochemical factors on prevalences of dental diseases for prehistoric inhabitants of the state of Missouri
In previous epidemiological studies, it has been suggested that geochemical factors besides fluoride may affect the prevalences of dental diseases. Our objective in this study was to determine whether the prevalences of periodontal diseases, coronal caries, and root caries for prehistoric inhabitants vary between geochemical regions of the state of Missouri. Burial sites were located on unique maps that depict geochemical variation among regions …
Three‐dimensional measurement accuracy of skull surface landmarks
Craniometric measuremnts from a three‐dimensional (3‐D) digitizing system were compared with those from sliding and spreading calipers. The 3‐D system consisted of a 3‐Space Digitizer, Macintosh Plus computer, and Unigraphics CAD/CAM system. Twenty‐nine standard measurements were made and repeated on two normal and three deformed skulls. The percentage of difference was calculated for original versus repeat measures and caliper versus 3‐D measure…
Caries prevalences among geochemical regions of Missouri
Our objectives were to determine how the prevalences of caries in elementary school children vary between geochemically defined regions of the state of Missouri and to compare this variation with that found for prehistoric Missouri inhabitants (Hildebolt et al.: Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 75:1–14, 1988). Caries data on 6,584 school children were used in the study of second and sixth graders drinking optimally and suboptimally fluoridated water. Geoc…
Endocranial suture closure in rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta )
Endocasts from skulls of 330 rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) of known age are scored for closure of nine bilateral and three unilateral sutures or segments of sutures. A variety of tests reveals a strong relationship between age and stages of suture closure, although increasingly broad confidence intervals prevent sutures from being very useful for precisely aging older macaques. The order in which endosutures begin to close, as well as that in…
Reassessment of the Taung early hominid from a neurological perspective
Validation study of skull three‐dimensional computerized tomography measurements
Recent advances in imaging have led to high‐resolution computerized tomography (CT) scanning with exquisitely detailed slice images of the skull and three‐dimensional (3‐D) surface reconstructions using computer software. It is possible to use CT scans to acquire morphologic information about the skull in a convenient digital form and to derive 3‐D measurements from surface reconstruction images. Unfortunately, no effort has been made to date to …
External brain morphology in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
ROC analysis of observer‐response subjective rating data—application to periodontal radiograph assessment
Many physical anthropological studies require that an observer or device discriminate between states that can be easily confused. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis currently offers the best method for determining the accuracy of such choices, particularly for small sample sizes. Although ROC analysis is widely accepted in psychophysical and biomedical testing, its use in anthropological studies has not been reported. ROC analysis i…
Alveolar bone loss in wild baboons
Radiograph‐based methods were used to assess alveolar bone loss in 12 juvenile and 18 adult baboons ( Papio hamadryas , sensu lato) living in the Awash National Park, Ethiopia. Alveolar bone loss, as measured from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar crest, averaged about 1 mm in juveniles and about 1.5 mm in adults. Densitometry of alveolar bone from the radiographs provides a baseline for comparisons with other adult baboons. Periodontal …
Hominid enamel thickness
Dental x‐rays were taken of isolated and in situ adult molar teeth of the Krapina Neandertal (n = 63) and of recent and contemporary molars (n = 423). The radiographs were digitized at high resolution (1,024 × 1,520 × 8 bits) with a 35 mm solid state scanner. Ratios of enamel cap area to the underlying dentinal‐pulpal area were determined and comparisons were made between average ratios for the Neandertal and contemporary molars. Neandertal molar…
Periodontal health in free‐ranging baboons of Ethiopia and Kenya
Frontal and lateral intraoral photographs of 19 baboons from the Awash National Park, Ethiopia and 37 baboons from Amboseli National Park, Kenya, were used to assess periodontal health. The Awash baboons, and two groups (Alto's and Hook's) at Amboseli, fed entirely from natural sources, but baboons from the third Amboseli group (Lodge) fed largely on food refuse from one of the park's lodges. Juveniles and adults were evaluated separately. Intrao…
Image-based quantification of alveolar bone
Diminished alveolar bone support is the principal cause of tooth loss. This bone loss is most commonly attributed to periodontal disease. The causes of periodontal disease are not fully understood although bacteria in dental plaque are known to be major contributors. Moreover, it is thought that the incidence and prevalence of alveolar bone loss vary among human populations, hence identification of high-risk groups is essential to epidemiological…
Relationship of squamosal suture to asterion on external skull surfaces versus endocasts of pongids
The relationship between the squamosal suture and asterion was quantified in 15 hemispheres of eight chimpanzee endocasts that were aligned in the conventional lateral view (i.e., with frontal pole [FP]–occipital pole [OP] horizontal). Using a three‐dimensional digitizer, x, y, and z coordinates were collected for the highest and lowest points of the squamosal suture, and the most rostral point of the suture approximate to the coronal suture. Our…
Brain expansion and rotation during hominid evolution
The Brain of LB1, Homo floresiensis
The brain of Homo floresiensis was assessed by comparing a virtual endocast from the type specimen (LB1) with endocasts from great apes, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens , a human pygmy, a human microcephalic, specimen number Sts 5 ( Australopithecus africanus ), and specimen number WT 17000 ( Paranthropus aethiopicus ). Morphometric, allometric, and shape data indicate that LB1 is not a microcephalic or pygmy. LB1's brain/body size ratio scales like t…
The type specimen (LB1) of Homo floresiensis did not have Laron Syndrome
The type specimen (LB1) of Homo floresiensis has been hypothesized to be a pathological human afflicted with Laron Syndrome (LS), a type of primary growth hormone insensitivity (Hershkovitz et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 134 [2007] 198–208). Comparing measurements, photographs and three‐dimensional, computed‐tomography reconstructions of LB1 with data and diagnoses from the literature on LS, we critically evaluate numerous skull and postcranial trai…
LB1's virtual endocast, microcephaly, and hominin brain evolution
Nonpathological asymmetry in LB1 ( Homo floresiensis )
Genetic and environmental contributions to variation in baboon cranial morphology
The development, function, and integration of morphological characteristics are all hypothesized to influence the utility of traits for phylogenetic reconstruction by affecting the way in which morphological characteristics evolve. We use a baboon model to test the hypotheses about phenotypic and quantitative genetic variation of traits in the cranium that bear on a phenotype's propensity to evolve. We test the hypotheses that: 1) individual trai…
Differential diagnosis of an unusual shoulder articular lesion in an ancient domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris L., 1758)
Differential diagnosis of vertebral spinous process deviations in archaeological and modern domestic dogs
Annual War Deaths in Small-Scale versus State Societies Scale with Population Size Rather than Violence
In The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined, psychologist Steven Pinker cites mean ratios of war (battle) deaths suffered annually per 100,000 individuals as evidence for concluding that people who live in states are less violent than those who live or lived in "hunting, gathering, and horticultural societies in which our species spent most of its evolutionary history." Because such ratios are blind to actual population sizes, i…
Digital Radiography for the Quantification of Alveolar Bone Loss in Studies of Periodontal Disease Variation
Medicine (17 obras) · Biology (13 obras) · Anatomy (12 obras) · Anatomy (10 obras) · Dentistry (8 obras) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (8 obras) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (8 obras) · Skull (8 obras) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (7 obras) · Dental Radiography and Imaging (6 obras)