Marcus Richards
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3581868 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Marcus Richards |
| NOMBRES | Marcus |
| APELLIDO | Richards |
| FIRMA | RICHARDS M |
| AFILIACIONES | MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9191-2192 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 53 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 190 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 53 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1975 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Contribution of accumulative affective problems across the life course towards the association of childhood socioeconomic position with later-life cognitive ageing
Socioeconomic inequalities may act on affective and cognitive health from early life through later life. This study tested to what extent the association of childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) with later-life cognitive ageing is explained by life course accumulative affective problems. We used data from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development ( n = 1,593; 52.6% women). Cognitive ageing was assessed through a battery of neuropsycholog…
Informal Caregiving in Adolescents from 10 to 16 Years Old
There is growing evidence of the impact of informal caregiving on adolescent mental health, and its role is often hidden unintentionally or intentionally, which may hamper early identification and support for young informal caregivers. However, the quantitative evidence regarding household factors relating to informal caregiving has mostly been based on cross-sectional findings. This study examines the longitudinal associations between household …
Recognition of social health
The conceptual framework provides guidance for future research and facilitates identification of modifiable risk and protective factors, which may in turn shape new avenues for preventive interventions. We highlight the paradigm of social health in dementia as a priority for dementia research
Childhood reading problems and cognitive ageing across mid to later life
BACKGROUND: Little research has investigated long-term associations of childhood reading with cognitive ageing. The aim of this study was to test longitudinal associations between childhood reading problems and cognitive function from mid-adulthood (age 43) to early old age (age 69), and whether associations were mediated by education. METHODS: Data were from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, a prospective population-based birth …
Bi-directional associations between religious attendance and mental health
BACKGROUND: There is evidence that religious attendance is associated with positive outcomes for mental health; however, there are few longitudinal studies, and even fewer, which take into account the possibility of bi-directional associations. This study aimed to investigate bi-directional associations between religious attendance and mental health. METHODS: Participants were 2125 study members who provided data at age 68-69 from the Medical Res…
Study problems and depressive symptoms in adolescents during the Covid-19 outbreak
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the prevalence of and risk factors for adolescent mental health problems during the COVID-19 outbreak. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms, their association with study-relevant problems, and the moderating effect of parent-child relationship among Chinese adolescents during the school closures. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis with data collected in middle and high schoo…
Influence of childhood socioeconomic position and ability on mid-life cognitive function
BACKGROUND: Childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) is robustly associated with cognitive function later in life. However, it is unclear whether this reflects a direct relationship, or an indirect association via modifiable factors such as educational attainment and occupation. We sought to clarify these associations using retrospectively harmonised data from three ongoing British birth cohorts. METHODS: We analysed data from the 1946 National Sur…
Physical frailty and decline in general and specific cognitive abilities
Frailty has been conceptualised as reduction in the functional capacity of multiple physiological systems, and results in a wide range of outcomes, including physical limitations, impaired activities of daily living, falls and fractures, hospitalisation and mortality.1 These outcomes also include cognitive decline,1 which in combination with psychiatric morbidity is the biggest cause of disability in the UK and other Western countries. Gale et al…
Dietary glycaemic index and cognitive function
Objective Evidence suggests that the rate of glucose release following consumption of carbohydrate-containing foods, defined as the glycaemic index (GI), is inversely associated with cognitive function. To date, most of the evidence stems from either single-meal studies or highly heterogeneous cohort studies. We aimed to study the prospective associations of diet GI at age 53 years with outcomes of verbal memory and letter search tests at age 69 …
Education and Cognitive Decline
These results are consistent with cognitive reserve theory, suggesting that education reduces risk of ADRD-pattern cognitive decline. Follow-up work should seek to differentiate specific dementia types involved and consider potential mechanisms
The roles of non-cognitive and cognitive skills in the life course development of adult health inequalities
Childhood Cognitive Ability and Age-Related Changes in Physical Capability From Midlife
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that higher childhood cognitive ability is associated with reduced risk of decline in physical capability in late midlife. METHODS: Participants were 1954 men and women from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development with complete data on cognitive ability at age of 15 years and measures of grip strength and chair rise speed at ages of 53 and 60 to 64 years. Us…
Modeling Exposure to Multiple Childhood Social Risk Factors and Physical Capability and Common Affective Symptoms in Later Life
The cumulative social risk approach and the use of factor analysis to identify contexts of social risk, may offer viable methods for linking multiple childhood social risk exposure to aging outcomes
Educational Inequalities in Health Behaviors at Midlife
Education is a fundamental cause of social inequalities in health because it influences the distribution of resources, including money, knowledge, power, prestige, and beneficial social connections, that can be used in situ to influence health. Recent studies have highlighted early-life cognition as commonly indicating the propensity for educational attainment and determining health and age of mortality. Health behaviors provide a plausible mecha…
Development of the Eating Choices Index (ECI)
Objective Current indices of diet quality generally include intakes of specific foods or nutrients. We sought to develop an index that discriminates healthy and unhealthy eating choices for use in large surveys as a short questionnaire and as a measure in existing studies with adequate dietary data. Design The Eating Choices Index (ECI) score included four components: (i) consumption of breakfast, (ii) consumption of two portions of fruit per day…
Life Course Socioeconomic Position and Mid-Late Life Cognitive Function in Eastern Europe
In these Eastern European populations, late life cognition reflected life course socioeconomic trajectories similarly to findings in Western countries
Adolescent mental health and subsequent parenting
BACKGROUND: Adolescent mental health problems are associated with a range of adverse outcomes in adulthood but little is known about the effects on adult parenting practices. This study aimed to examine prospective associations between adolescent conduct and emotional problems and subsequent parenting behaviours in adulthood. METHODS: The study sample comprised 1110 members from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development. Prospective data …
OP19 Increased Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Protects Memory Decline over 20 years in a Longitudinal Study
Background Cognitive decline is the first outward sign of dementia and represents a major public health effect. Evidence suggests that dietary patterns are associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors. A high quality diet such as Mediterranean diet might protect against Alzheimer’s disease, but its association with age-associated cognitive decline has been less explored. Aim The current analyses aim to examine the association b…
PP45a Use it, Don’t Lose it! The Role of Lifestyle Behaviours on 20-year Cognitive Decline
Background Cognitive decline represents a major public health impact on individuals and governments around the world. There is a well-established relationship between specific lifestyle behaviours and cognitive decline, but extremely limited research on the role of combined behaviours. The aim of these analyses was to examine the role of lifestyle behaviours (smoking, physical activity and dietary choice) separately and in combination on 20-year …
OP17 Area Deprivation Across the Life Course and Cognitive Capability in Mid-Life
Background Recent work has shown that area conditions at single points in time have been found to be associated with cognitive capability outcomes. However, a life course perspective is required to take into account life time processes of cognitive development, changes in residence and secular trends of areas. Methods Data from the 1946 British Birth Cohort were used to estimate associations of area deprivation (indicated by % of employed people …
Lifetime Socioeconomic Inequalities in Physical and Cognitive Aging
Objectives. We examined the relationship between childhood and adult socioeconomic position (SEP) and objectively assessed, later-life functioning. Methods. We used the Medical Research Council’s National Survey of Health and Development data to examine performance at 60 to 64 years (obtained in 2006–2011) for a representative UK sample. We compared 9 physical and cognitive performance measures (forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, ha…
OP42 Lifecourse Socioeconomic Position and Cognitive Function in Later Life in Central and Eastern Europe
Background Socioeconomic position (SEP) across the lifecourse is positively associated with cognitive function in later life in studies of Western populations, with later SEP likely mediating the effect of early life factors. However, it remains to be seen whether similar associations are observed in settings with markedly different social histories with apparently smaller income inequalities. This study aims to investigate the association betwee…
PS49 Food For Thought! The Role Of Dietary Choices On Cognitive Behaviour
Background Cognitive decline indicates the first sign of dementia and a major public health impact associated with ageing. Evidence suggests that dietary patterns are associated with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods To examine the association between dietary choices and 20 years cognitive decline from 43 to 60+.; 1018 study members from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development regularly followed up since birth in …
PS19 Lifetime Socioeconomic Inequalities in Physical and Cognitive Ageing
Background The maintenance of physical and cognitive function for the maximal period of time is a key component of healthy ageing, associated with continued independent living, better quality of life and reduced morbidity and mortality risk. There is growing interest in investigating life course influences on healthy ageing to identify potential intervention targets, beyond those already identified by chronic disease epidemiology. Using data from…
A Life Course Approach to the Development of Mental Skills
A wide variety of factors across the life course jointly influence cognitive and emotional development. Indeed, research from a variety of disciplines strongly suggests that cognition and mental health are intertwined across the life course, by their common antecedents and underlying physiology in development and in their interplay across adult and later life. We suggest that cognitive and socioemotional function fuse to form skills for life supp…
The life course prospective design
Education and Cognitive Decline
These results are consistent with cognitive reserve theory, suggesting that education reduces risk of ADRD-pattern cognitive decline. Follow-up work should seek to differentiate specific dementia types involved and consider potential mechanisms
Childhood cognitive ability and adult mental health in the British 1946 birth cohort
Life Course Socioeconomic Position and Mid-Late Life Cognitive Function in Eastern Europe
In these Eastern European populations, late life cognition reflected life course socioeconomic trajectories similarly to findings in Western countries
Does active leisure protect cognition? Evidence from a national birth cohort
Secular Changes in the Association of Parental Divorce and Children's Educational Attainment - Evidence from Three British Birth Cohorts
This article examines the secular trends in the overall association of parental divorce (or separation) and children's educational attainment at school-leaving age during the period spanning a quarter of a century since the second world war in Britain. The study presents a reanalysis of data from the three British birth cohorts which studied children born in 1946, 1958 and 1970. Equivalent educational attainment at the different time points is de…
Lifetime Socioeconomic Inequalities in Physical and Cognitive Aging
Objectives. We examined the relationship between childhood and adult socioeconomic position (SEP) and objectively assessed, later-life functioning. Methods. We used the Medical Research Council’s National Survey of Health and Development data to examine performance at 60 to 64 years (obtained in 2006–2011) for a representative UK sample. We compared 9 physical and cognitive performance measures (forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, ha…
A Life Course Approach to the Development of Mental Skills
A wide variety of factors across the life course jointly influence cognitive and emotional development. Indeed, research from a variety of disciplines strongly suggests that cognition and mental health are intertwined across the life course, by their common antecedents and underlying physiology in development and in their interplay across adult and later life. We suggest that cognitive and socioemotional function fuse to form skills for life supp…
Educational Inequalities in Health Behaviors at Midlife
Education is a fundamental cause of social inequalities in health because it influences the distribution of resources, including money, knowledge, power, prestige, and beneficial social connections, that can be used in situ to influence health. Recent studies have highlighted early-life cognition as commonly indicating the propensity for educational attainment and determining health and age of mortality. Health behaviors provide a plausible mecha…
The Continuing Benefits of Education
Associations between adult education and midlife cognitive ability indicate wider benefits of education to health that may be important for social integration, well-being, and the delay of cognitive decline in later life
Do childhood cognitive ability or smoking behaviour explain the influence of lifetime socio-economic conditions on premature adult mortality in a British post war birth cohort
Poor childhood and adult socio-economic conditions, lower childhood cognitive ability and cigarette smoking are all associated with adult mortality risk. Using data on 4458 men and women aged 60 years from a British birth cohort study, we investigated the extent to which these risk factors are part of the same pathway linking childhood experience to adult survival. Compared with women from non-manual origins, men from non-manual origins, women an…
The roles of non-cognitive and cognitive skills in the life course development of adult health inequalities
Cigarette Smoking and Cognitive Decline in Midlife
Objectives. The authors investigated the effects of cigarette smoking on midlife cognitive performance. Methods. Multiple regression was used to test the association between cigarette smoking and changes in cognitive test scores among male and female members of the British 1946 birth cohort aged between 43 and 53 years. Results. Smoking was associated with faster declines in verbal memory and with slower visual search speeds. These effects were l…
Paths to literacy and numeracy problems
BACKGROUND: To test a life course model linking circumstances of origin to self-reported literacy and numeracy problems in midlife, and to investigate the effects in this model of changing social circumstances in two post-war cohorts. METHODS: Based on data from men and women in the British 1946 and 1958 birth cohorts, we used the relative index of inequality and logistical regression to test associations between father's occupation, childhood co…
Does retirement influence cognitive performance? The Whitehall II Study
BACKGROUND: Occupational work involves many factors capable of protecting cognition. The 'disuse' hypothesis suggests that removal of such factors at retirement may increase the risk of cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether retirement is significantly associated with cognitive change after adjusting for preretirement cognitive function, personal, social, health and lifestyle factors, work characteristics and leisure activity. METHODS: …
Memory and Amnesia
1University of the West of England, Bristol Memory and Amnesia: The Role of the Spanish Civil War in the Transition to Democracy Paloma Aguilar Oxford Berghahn 2002 xxii + 352 Hardback£55 Paperback£19.95
Innovation in medical practice
Influence of childhood socioeconomic position and ability on mid-life cognitive function
BACKGROUND: Childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) is robustly associated with cognitive function later in life. However, it is unclear whether this reflects a direct relationship, or an indirect association via modifiable factors such as educational attainment and occupation. We sought to clarify these associations using retrospectively harmonised data from three ongoing British birth cohorts. METHODS: We analysed data from the 1946 National Sur…
Modeling Exposure to Multiple Childhood Social Risk Factors and Physical Capability and Common Affective Symptoms in Later Life
The cumulative social risk approach and the use of factor analysis to identify contexts of social risk, may offer viable methods for linking multiple childhood social risk exposure to aging outcomes
Divorce, Current Marital Status and Well-Being in an Elderly Population
Using a British sample of 2,041 individuals aged sixty-five and over, we describe the prevalence of divorce and remarriage in the sample and investigate housing, social integration, health and well-being in relation to earlier divorce and current marital status. The sample is confined to the relatively healthy section of the population living in the community and excludes those who are moderately to severely mentally and/or physically frail. Just…
Neuroticism in Adolescence and Cognitive Function in Midlife in the British 1946 Birth Cohort
We examined whether higher levels of neuroticism in adolescence were associated with poorer cognitive function in midlife in 2,071 members of the British 1946 birth cohort. Higher neuroticism at age 13 was associated with poorer performance on tests of verbal ability, verbal fluency, and verbal memory at age 53 in sex-adjusted analyses. However, higher neuroticism was also associated with poorer cognitive performance at age 8. After adjustment fo…
Children, Parents and Families
This paper explores some historical changes in the way divorce has been regulated and their relationship to research by psychologists and other social scientists on the effects of these changes on children. The author argues that both the practice of divorce and research are moving away from an everyday notion of the family and warns against the ideological connotations carried by the expression. He concludes by suggesting that from the point of …
Innovation in medical practice
Marital Separation and Children
It is estimated that more than a quarter of British marriages are likely to end in divorce and that about two thirds of these couples will have children living with them. Thus the experience of a parental divorce is commonplace for large numbers of children. For this reason and because of the widespread belief that divorce and marital separation are the cause of many social, psychological and medical problems, it is of some importance that we und…
Children, Parents and Families
This paper explores some historical changes in the way divorce has been regulated and their relationship to research by psychologists and other social scientists on the effects of these changes on children. The author argues that both the practice of divorce and research are moving away from an everyday notion of the family and warns against the ideological connotations carried by the expression. He concludes by suggesting that from the point of …
The Making and Remaking of the Russian Working Class, 1890-1917
Michael Richards, Michael B. Share; The Making and Remaking of the Russian Working Class, 1890–1917, Journal of Social History, Volume 21, Issue 4, 1 July
Divorce, Current Marital Status and Well-Being in an Elderly Population
Using a British sample of 2,041 individuals aged sixty-five and over, we describe the prevalence of divorce and remarriage in the sample and investigate housing, social integration, health and well-being in relation to earlier divorce and current marital status. The sample is confined to the relatively healthy section of the population living in the community and excludes those who are moderately to severely mentally and/or physically frail. Just…
Secular Changes in the Association of Parental Divorce and Children's Educational Attainment - Evidence from Three British Birth Cohorts
This article examines the secular trends in the overall association of parental divorce (or separation) and children's educational attainment at school-leaving age during the period spanning a quarter of a century since the second world war in Britain. The study presents a reanalysis of data from the three British birth cohorts which studied children born in 1946, 1958 and 1970. Equivalent educational attainment at the different time points is de…
Mortality in adults aged 26-54 years related to socioeconomic conditions in childhood and adulthood
Objective: To examine premature mortality in adults in relation to socioeconomic conditions in childhood and adulthood. Design: Nationally representative birth cohort study with prospective information on socioeconomic conditions. Setting: England, Scotland, and Wales. Study members: 2132 women and 2322 men born in March 1946 and followed until age 55 years. Main outcome measures: Deaths between 26 and 54 years of age notified by the NHS central …
Long-term effects of breast-feeding in a national birth cohort
Objective: A recent meta-analysis showed that breast-feeding confers a 3.2 point increment in cognitive function through adolescence. Little is known, however, about possible longer-term effects of breast-feeding. We investigated the effect of breast-feeding on educational attainment, and on a range of cognitive skills in midlife, in the British 1946 birth cohort. Objective: Design: Regression analyses were used to test the association between br…
Cigarette Smoking and Cognitive Decline in Midlife
Objectives. The authors investigated the effects of cigarette smoking on midlife cognitive performance. Methods. Multiple regression was used to test the association between cigarette smoking and changes in cognitive test scores among male and female members of the British 1946 birth cohort aged between 43 and 53 years. Results. Smoking was associated with faster declines in verbal memory and with slower visual search speeds. These effects were l…
Does active leisure protect cognition? Evidence from a national birth cohort
The life course prospective design
Memory and Amnesia
1University of the West of England, Bristol Memory and Amnesia: The Role of the Spanish Civil War in the Transition to Democracy Paloma Aguilar Oxford Berghahn 2002 xxii + 352 Hardback£55 Paperback£19.95
Lung Function and Cognitive Ability in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the association between forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and cognitive ability in midlife in the normal population. METHODS: Multiple regression was used to test associations between FEV1 and cognitive function in 1778 men and women in the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, also known as the British 1946 birth cohort. Analyses were adjusted for sex, body size (birth weig…
Cohort Profile
The first of the British National Birth Cohort studies aimed to address two health and social policy questions of importance in the years before the establishment of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1948. The first question, identified by the Royal Commission on Population, asked why the national fertility rate had been falling consistently since the middle of the 19th century. A proposed explanation was that the ‘medical and other costs asso…
The Continuing Benefits of Education
Associations between adult education and midlife cognitive ability indicate wider benefits of education to health that may be important for social integration, well-being, and the delay of cognitive decline in later life
Childhood cognitive ability and adult mental health in the British 1946 birth cohort
Lifetime Cognitive Performance is Associated With Midlife Physical Performance in a Prospective National Birth Cohort Study
OBJECTIVES: To examine whether measures of cognitive performance across life are related to physical performance at age 53 years, allowing for potential confounders. METHODS: In a large representative British birth cohort of men and women (N = 2135) the associations between cognitive performance across life (i.e., standardized cognition scores at ages 15, 43, and 53 years and changes in verbal memory and search speed scores between 43 and 53 year…
Neuroticism in Adolescence and Cognitive Function in Midlife in the British 1946 Birth Cohort
We examined whether higher levels of neuroticism in adolescence were associated with poorer cognitive function in midlife in 2,071 members of the British 1946 birth cohort. Higher neuroticism at age 13 was associated with poorer performance on tests of verbal ability, verbal fluency, and verbal memory at age 53 in sex-adjusted analyses. However, higher neuroticism was also associated with poorer cognitive performance at age 8. After adjustment fo…
Paths to literacy and numeracy problems
BACKGROUND: To test a life course model linking circumstances of origin to self-reported literacy and numeracy problems in midlife, and to investigate the effects in this model of changing social circumstances in two post-war cohorts. METHODS: Based on data from men and women in the British 1946 and 1958 birth cohorts, we used the relative index of inequality and logistical regression to test associations between father's occupation, childhood co…
Do childhood cognitive ability or smoking behaviour explain the influence of lifetime socio-economic conditions on premature adult mortality in a British post war birth cohort
Poor childhood and adult socio-economic conditions, lower childhood cognitive ability and cigarette smoking are all associated with adult mortality risk. Using data on 4458 men and women aged 60 years from a British birth cohort study, we investigated the extent to which these risk factors are part of the same pathway linking childhood experience to adult survival. Compared with women from non-manual origins, men from non-manual origins, women an…
Incidence rates and survival trends of cancer in 0–29-year-olds by ethnic group in Yorkshire, UK
Objective Few studies have examined differences in the epidemiology of cancer between ethnic groups for children and young adults in the UK. We investigated incidence rates, associated trends and survival by ethnicity (south Asian vs all other ethnic groups) across childhood (0–14) and young adult (15–29) ages using a unique specialist cancer register. Methods The data used for this study were extracted from the Yorkshire Specialist Register of C…
The effect of missing data on the relationship between lifecourse socio-economic position and verbal cognitive ability at older ages
Objective To compare the effects of accounting for different missing data mechanisms in an investigation of the role of lifecourse socio-economic position (SEP) on later-life verbal cognitive ability. Design Two UK prospective cohort studies. Participants A nationally representative sample born in 1946 (NSHD) (original N=5362), and a sample of British civil servants (Whitehall II) (original N=10 308). Methods Linear regression models were used to…
A Life Course Approach to the Development of Mental Skills
A wide variety of factors across the life course jointly influence cognitive and emotional development. Indeed, research from a variety of disciplines strongly suggests that cognition and mental health are intertwined across the life course, by their common antecedents and underlying physiology in development and in their interplay across adult and later life. We suggest that cognitive and socioemotional function fuse to form skills for life supp…
Does retirement influence cognitive performance? The Whitehall II Study
BACKGROUND: Occupational work involves many factors capable of protecting cognition. The 'disuse' hypothesis suggests that removal of such factors at retirement may increase the risk of cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether retirement is significantly associated with cognitive change after adjusting for preretirement cognitive function, personal, social, health and lifestyle factors, work characteristics and leisure activity. METHODS: …
Clinical problems in a post war British cohort reaching retirement
Introduction The health of the post war ‘baby boomers’ will dominate the health and social care systems for decades to come. We know little about the prevalence of clinical problems in these postwar birth cohorts. Objectives To describe the prevalence of significant clinical problems at 60–64 years in the Medical Research Council (MRC) National Survey of Heath and Development; to examine whether these problems cluster in the same individuals and …
Medicine (46 obras) · Gerontology (34 obras) · Psychology (34 obras) · Cognition (33 obras) · Psychiatry (31 obras) · Demography (29 obras) · Population (27 obras) · Cohort (24 obras) · Gerontology (24 obras) · Developmental psychology (23 obras)