Giuseppe Costa
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3582274 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Giuseppe Costa |
| NOMBRES | Giuseppe |
| APELLIDO | Costa |
| FIRMA | COSTA G |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Turin |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3187-4889 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 60 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 314 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 60 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1994 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Cancer mortality and sectors of employment
The results showed an increased risk of cancer death in some traditional industrial sectors compared to the reference category of insurance activities such as construction and wood and leather products and limited evidence in sectors like cleaning, accommodation and food services and hairdressing. The adopted method proved to be effective in monitoring occupational risks and activating proper prevention initiatives and further insights
Impact of retirement transition on health, well-being and health behaviours
Trends in educational inequalities in smoking-attributable mortality and their impact on changes in general mortality inequalities
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic mortality inequalities are persistent in Europe but have been changing over time. Smoking is a known contributor to inequality levels, but knowledge about its impact on time trends in inequalities is sparse. METHODS: We studied trends in educational inequalities in smoking-attributable mortality (SAM) and assessed their impact on general mortality inequality trends in England and Wales (E&W), Finland, and Italy (Turin) f…
Spouses' Health
Objectives. We focus on married couples, and we analyse how the susceptibility and survival of individuals can be influenced by the illnesses and death experienced by their spouses. Methods. We perform a cohort study following married couples (age 65-75 years) from 2001 to 2013. We monitor individual's susceptibility status and three spouses' illnesses (i.e. diabetes, cancer, and mental diseases). The methodology used is the Cox regression. Resul…
Predictive validity of an indicator of exposure to unfavorable ergonomic working conditions on work-related musculoskeletal disorders
Researchers have long documented a significant association between exposure to unfavorable working conditions and poorer occupational health and safety. However, measures of occupational exposures are often lacking from national and international surveys. Drawing on research on job-exposures matrices (JEMs) and exploiting the Italian O*NET, we construct a new indicator of exposure to ergonomic unfavorable conditions at work (Ergo-Index) and we te…
Reversals in past long-term trends in educational inequalities in life expectancy for selected European countries
BACKGROUND: Across Europe, socioeconomic inequalities in mortality are large and persistent. To better understand the drivers of past trends in socioeconomic mortality inequalities, we identified phases and potential reversals in long-term trends in educational inequalities in remaining life expectancy at age 30 (e30), and assessed the contributions of mortality changes among the low-educated and the high-educated at different ages. METHODS: We u…
Widening educational inequalities in mortality in more recent birth cohorts
BACKGROUND: Studies of period changes in educational inequalities in mortality have shown important changes over time. It is unknown whether a birth cohort perspective paints the same picture. We compared changes in inequalities in mortality between a period and cohort perspective and explored mortality trends among low-educated and high-educated birth cohorts. DATA AND METHODS: In 14 European countries, we collected and harmonised all-cause and …
Using Photovoice to understand physical and social living environment influence on adherence to diabetes
Within the past several years, a considerable body of research on adherence to diabetes regimen has emerged in public health. However, the focus of the vast majority of these studies has been on the individual traits and attitudes affecting adherence. Still little is known on the role of the social and physical context in supporting or hindering diabetes self-management, particularly from a qualitative standpoint. To address these limitations, th…
Could a fairer retirement age mitigate health inequalities? Evidence and decision-making
OPINION article Front. Public Health, 30 September 2022Sec. Public Health Policy Volume 10 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.965140
Inequalities in the Health Impact of the First Wave of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Piedmont Region, Italy
(1) Introduction: Several studies observe a social gradient in the incidence and health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but they rely mainly on spatial associations because individual-level data are lacking. (2) Objectives: To assess the impact of social inequalities in the health outcomes of COVID-19 during the first epidemic wave in Piedmont Region, Italy, evaluating the role of the unequal social distribution of comorbidities and the cap…
Monitoring Health Inequalities in 12 European Countries
To raise awareness about health inequalities, a well-functioning health inequality monitoring system (HIMS) is crucial. Drawing on work conducted under the Joint Action Health Equity Europe, the aim of this paper is to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses in current health inequality monitoring based on lessons learned from 12 European countries and to discuss what can be done to strengthen their capacities. Fifty-five statements were used to …
Indirect impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and its containment measures on social inequalities in hospital utilisation in Italy
BACKGROUND: The pandemic may undermine the equity of access to and utilisation of health services for conditions other than COVID-19. The objective of the study is to evaluate the indirect impact of COVID-19 and lockdown measures on sociodemographic inequalities in healthcare utilisation in seven Italian areas. METHODS: In this multicentre retrospective study, we evaluated whether COVID-19 modified the association between educational level or dep…
Working Conditions and Health Among Italian Ageing Workers
In many European countries requirements for retirement have been tightened, causing an increase in work participation of older workers, in spite their potentially poorer health may limit their work ability. This study aimed at assessing the diffusion of health problems and exposure to unfavorable working conditions among ageing workers in two Italian surveys, as well as comparing them with those observed in the same surveys conducted before the 2…
Construction of a Frailty Indicator with Partially Ordered Sets
Given the progressive aging of Italian and European populations, the number of cases with chronic diseases is steeply increasing. This calls for new strategies for health resource management and the implementation of prevention policies. Among chronic patients, frail subjects have special and wider care requirements, along with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Thus, their identification is an important step for the Italian National P…
Self-Rated Health and Psychological Distress among Emerging Adults in Italy
These results are of considerable importance for psychologists as well as educational and occupation-based institutions for planning prevention programs and clinical interventions
Transition to retirement impact on health and lifestyle habits
Individual data-linkage of multiple waves of the PLUS can offer great insight to inform healthy ageing policies in Italy and Europe. Transition to retirement has an independent effect on perceived health status, physical activity and selected behavioural risk factors. It should be identified as a target moment for preventive interventions, with particular reference to primary prevention so as to promote health and wellbeing in older ages
Special Report
Funded by the European Commission Horizon2020 programme, the Lifepath research consortium aimed to understand the impacts of socioeconomic inequalities on the biology of healthy ageing. The main research questions included the impact of inequalities on health, the role of behavioural and other risk factors, the underlying biological mechanisms, the efficacy of selected policies, and the general implications of our findings for theories and polici…
Promoting health equity through social capital in deprived communities
The Trieste Habitat Micro-area Programme (HMP), an innovative social-health service policy, has offered a natural experiment to empirically evaluate the social mechanisms through which social capital may have an impact on health inequalities. To date, literature clarifying this causal chain is scanty. This empirical study tested the following hypotheses: H1) innovative social-health practices can activate social mechanisms intentionally and syste…
Temporal dynamics in total excess mortality and Covid-19 deaths in Italian cities
An underestimation of COVID-19 deaths is particularly evident among the elderly. When quantifying the burden in mortality related to COVID-19, it is important to consider seasonal dynamics in mortality. Surveillance data provides an impartial indicator for monitoring the following phases of the epidemic, and may help in the evaluation of mitigation measures adopted
Population Health Inequalities Across and Within European Metropolitan Areas through the Lens of the Euro-HEALTHY Population Health Index
The different geographical contexts seen in European metropolitan areas are reflected in the uneven distribution of health risk factors for the population. Accumulating evidence on multiple health determinants point to the importance of individual, social, economic, physical and built environment features, which can be shaped by the local authorities. The complexity of measuring health, which at the same time underscores the level of intra-urban …
Differences in work injury risk between immigrants and natives
It is known that occupational injury rates are higher for immigrant than for native workers, however the effects of the economic cycles on these differences has not been assessed to date. The aim of the paper is to test if the crisis has the same mechanism of selection in the two groups by comparing injury rates in 2005 (before the crisis) and in 2010 (after the crisis). The Work History Italian Panel-Salute integrated database was interrogated t…
Is the association between precarious employment and mental health mediated by economic difficulties in males? Results from two Italian studies
Even with the limitations of a cross-sectional design, this research supports that precarious employment contributes through financial strain to reduce the mental health related quality of life and to increase mental disorders such as symptoms of depression or dysthymia. This suggests that when stability in work cannot be guaranteed, it would be appropriate to intervene on the wages of precarious jobs and to provide social safety nets for ensurin…
Mindmap
MINDMAP is a novel research collaboration that is combining population-based cohort data with publicly available datasets not typically used for ageing and mental well-being research. Integration of various data sources and observational units into a single platform will help to explain the differences in ageing-related mental and cognitive disorders both within as well as between cities in Europe, the US, Canada, and Russia and to assess the cau…
Internal migration and mental health of the second generation. The case of Turin in the age of the Italian economic miracle
Socioeconomic status and the 25 × 25 risk factors as determinants of premature mortality
Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality among women and among men
OBJECTIVES: This study compared differences in total and cause-specific mortality by educational level among women with those among men in 7 countries: the United States, Finland, Norway, Italy, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Estonia. METHODS: National data were obtained for the period ca. 1980 to ca. 1990. Age-adjusted rate ratios comparing a broad lower-educational group with a broad upper-educational group were calculated with Poisson regres…
Trends in inequalities in premature mortality
BACKGROUND: Over the last decades of the 20th century, a widening of the gap in death rates between upper and lower socioeconomic groups has been reported for many European countries. For most countries, it is unknown whether this widening has continued into the first decade of the 21st century. METHODS: We collected and harmonised data on mortality by educational level among men and women aged 30-74 years in all countries with available data: Fi…
Health inequalities between lone and couple mothers and policy under different welfare regimes - The example of Italy, Sweden and Britain
Monitoring of trends in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality
This paper presents estimates of changes in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality between the 1980s and the 1990s in nine European countries. The best available evidence shows that relative inequalities in mortality generally widened, while the absol
Social mobility and health in the Turin longitudinal study
Occupational class and ischemic heart disease mortality in the United States and 11 European countries
OBJECTIVES: Twelve countries were compared with respect to occupational class differences in ischemic heart disease mortality in order to identify factors that are associated with smaller or larger mortality differences. METHODS: Data on mortality by occupational class among men aged 30 to 64 years were obtained from national longitudinal or cross-sectional studies for the 1980s. A common occupational class scheme was applied to most countries. P…
Educational inequalities in avoidable mortality in Europe
BACKGROUND: The magnitude of educational inequalities in mortality avoidable by medical care in 16 European populations was compared, and the contribution of inequalities in avoidable mortality to educational inequalities in life expectancy in Europe was determined. METHODS: Mortality data were obtained for people aged 30-64 years. For each country, the association between level of education and avoidable mortality was measured with the use of re…
The role of individual and contextual socioeconomic circumstances on mortality
Study objective: To evaluate the independent and mutual effects of neighbourhood deprivation and of individual socioeconomic conditions on mortality and to assess the trends over the past 30 years and the residual neighbourhood heterogeneity. Design: General and cause specific mortality was analysed as a function of time period, highest educational level achieved, housing conditions, and neighbourhood deprivation, using multilevel Poisson models …
Higher smoking prevalence in urban compared to non-urban areas
Socioeconomic inequalities in injury mortality in small areas of 15 European cities
Educational Inequalities in Initiation, Cessation, and Prevalence of Smoking Among 3 Italian Birth Cohorts
Objectives. We examined socioeconomic inequalities in initiation and cessation rates of smoking and the resultant inequality in smoking prevalence among 3 consecutive Italian birth cohorts. Methods. We used data from the 1999–2000 Italian National Health Interview Survey, which included 28958 men and 29769 women who were born between 1940 and 1969. The association between smoking variables and level of education was assessed with logistic regress…
Socioeconomic inequalities in coronary heart disease in Italy
Cancer risk and social inequalities in Italy
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To investigate social differences in cancer incidence in Turin, Italy in 1985-87. DESIGN--A cancer incidence follow up study of the turin population in relation to socioeconomic characteristics was performed through record linkage between the 1981 census and the cancer registry. A case-control study nested in the cohort was analysed, where cases were subjects with a new diagnosis of cancer in 1985-87 and controls were a sample of…
Reversals in past long-term trends in educational inequalities in life expectancy for selected European countries
BACKGROUND: Across Europe, socioeconomic inequalities in mortality are large and persistent. To better understand the drivers of past trends in socioeconomic mortality inequalities, we identified phases and potential reversals in long-term trends in educational inequalities in remaining life expectancy at age 30 (e30), and assessed the contributions of mortality changes among the low-educated and the high-educated at different ages. METHODS: We u…
Educational inequalities in mortality in northern, mid and southern Italy and the contribution of smoking
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that mortality inequalities are smaller in Italy than in most European countries. This may be due to the weak association between socioeconomic status and smoking in Italy. However, most published studies were based on data from a single city in northern Italy (Turin). In this study, we aimed to assess the size of mortality inequalities in Italy as a whole, their geographical pattern of variation within Ita…
The impact of migration in all-cause mortality
Widening educational inequalities in mortality in more recent birth cohorts
BACKGROUND: Studies of period changes in educational inequalities in mortality have shown important changes over time. It is unknown whether a birth cohort perspective paints the same picture. We compared changes in inequalities in mortality between a period and cohort perspective and explored mortality trends among low-educated and high-educated birth cohorts. DATA AND METHODS: In 14 European countries, we collected and harmonised all-cause and …
Social class and cancer survival in Turin, Italy
STUDY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate social differences in cancer survival in residents of Turin, Italy. DESIGN: Incident cases from the Piedmont cancer registry were linked to municipality files and 1981 census data, and followed up from 1985-92. The census provided data on education and housing tenure, which were used as indicators of social class. The case fatality ratio (CFR) was estimated through a proportional hazard model, with…
Working Conditions and Health Among Italian Ageing Workers
In many European countries requirements for retirement have been tightened, causing an increase in work participation of older workers, in spite their potentially poorer health may limit their work ability. This study aimed at assessing the diffusion of health problems and exposure to unfavorable working conditions among ageing workers in two Italian surveys, as well as comparing them with those observed in the same surveys conducted before the 2…
Socioeconomic inequalities in cause-specific mortality in 15 European cities
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic inequalities are increasingly recognised as an important public health issue, although their role in the leading causes of mortality in urban areas in Europe has not been fully evaluated. In this study, we used data from the INEQ-CITIES study to analyse inequalities in cause-specific mortality in 15 European cities at the beginning of the 21st century. METHODS: A cross-sectional ecological study was carried out to analys…
Decreasing educational differences in mortality over 40 years
BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that inequalities in premature mortality have continued to rise over the last decade in most European countries, but not in southern European countries. METHODS: In this study, we assess long-term trends (1971-2011) in absolute and relative educational inequalities in all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the Turin Longitudinal Study (Turin, Italy), a record-linkage study including all individuals resident i…
Increased incidence of coronary heart disease associated with "double burden" in a cohort of Italian women
Does non-employment contribute to the health disadvantage among lone mothers in Britain, Italy and Sweden? Synergy effects and the meaning of family policy
The association of socioeconomic disadvantage with postoperative complications after major elective cardiovascular surgery
BACKGROUND: Understanding the mechanism by which both patient- and hospital level factors act in generating disparities has important implications for clinicians and policy-makers. OBJECTIVE: To measure the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and postoperative complications after major elective cardiovascular procedures. DESIGN: Multicity hospital-based study. SUBJECTS: Using Hospital Discharge Registries (ICD-9-CM codes), 19 310 pat…
Construction of a Frailty Indicator with Partially Ordered Sets
Given the progressive aging of Italian and European populations, the number of cases with chronic diseases is steeply increasing. This calls for new strategies for health resource management and the implementation of prevention policies. Among chronic patients, frail subjects have special and wider care requirements, along with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Thus, their identification is an important step for the Italian National P…
Cancer risk and social inequalities in Italy
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To investigate social differences in cancer incidence in Turin, Italy in 1985-87. DESIGN--A cancer incidence follow up study of the turin population in relation to socioeconomic characteristics was performed through record linkage between the 1981 census and the cancer registry. A case-control study nested in the cohort was analysed, where cases were subjects with a new diagnosis of cancer in 1985-87 and controls were a sample of…
Social class and cancer survival in Turin, Italy
STUDY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate social differences in cancer survival in residents of Turin, Italy. DESIGN: Incident cases from the Piedmont cancer registry were linked to municipality files and 1981 census data, and followed up from 1985-92. The census provided data on education and housing tenure, which were used as indicators of social class. The case fatality ratio (CFR) was estimated through a proportional hazard model, with…
Occupational class and ischemic heart disease mortality in the United States and 11 European countries
OBJECTIVES: Twelve countries were compared with respect to occupational class differences in ischemic heart disease mortality in order to identify factors that are associated with smaller or larger mortality differences. METHODS: Data on mortality by occupational class among men aged 30 to 64 years were obtained from national longitudinal or cross-sectional studies for the 1980s. A common occupational class scheme was applied to most countries. P…
Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality among women and among men
OBJECTIVES: This study compared differences in total and cause-specific mortality by educational level among women with those among men in 7 countries: the United States, Finland, Norway, Italy, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Estonia. METHODS: National data were obtained for the period ca. 1980 to ca. 1990. Age-adjusted rate ratios comparing a broad lower-educational group with a broad upper-educational group were calculated with Poisson regres…
Widening socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in six Western European countries
OBJECTIVES: During the past decades a widening of the relative gap in death rates between upper and lower socioeconomic groups has been reported for several European countries. Although differential mortality decline for cardiovascular diseases has been suggested as an important contributory factor, it is not known what its quantitative contribution was, and to what extent other causes of death have contributed to the widening gap in total mortal…
The role of individual and contextual socioeconomic circumstances on mortality
Study objective: To evaluate the independent and mutual effects of neighbourhood deprivation and of individual socioeconomic conditions on mortality and to assess the trends over the past 30 years and the residual neighbourhood heterogeneity. Design: General and cause specific mortality was analysed as a function of time period, highest educational level achieved, housing conditions, and neighbourhood deprivation, using multilevel Poisson models …
Social mobility and health in the Turin longitudinal study
Monitoring of trends in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality
This paper presents estimates of changes in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality between the 1980s and the 1990s in nine European countries. The best available evidence shows that relative inequalities in mortality generally widened, while the absol
Socioeconomic differences in the prevalence of common chronic diseases
BACKGROUND: Few studies have compared socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of both fatal and non-fatal diseases. This paper aims to give the first international overview for several common chronic diseases. METHODS: Micro-level data were pooled from non-standardized national health surveys conducted in eight European countries in the 1990s. Surveys ranged in size from 3700 to 41 200 participants. The prevalence of 17 chronic disease group…
Socio-economic inequalities in suicide
BACKGROUND: Social factors have been shown to be predictors of suicide. It is not known whether these factors vary between countries. AIMS: To present a first European overview of socio-economic inequalities in suicide mortality among men and women. METHOD: We used a prospective follow-up of censuses matched with vital statistics in ten European populations. Directly standardised rates of suicide were computed for each country. RESULTS: In men, a…
Educational inequalities in cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and older men and women in eight western European populations
Higher smoking prevalence in urban compared to non-urban areas
Socioeconomic inequalities in coronary heart disease in Italy
Educational Inequalities in Initiation, Cessation, and Prevalence of Smoking Among 3 Italian Birth Cohorts
Objectives. We examined socioeconomic inequalities in initiation and cessation rates of smoking and the resultant inequality in smoking prevalence among 3 consecutive Italian birth cohorts. Methods. We used data from the 1999–2000 Italian National Health Interview Survey, which included 28958 men and 29769 women who were born between 1940 and 1969. The association between smoking variables and level of education was assessed with logistic regress…
The association of socioeconomic disadvantage with postoperative complications after major elective cardiovascular surgery
BACKGROUND: Understanding the mechanism by which both patient- and hospital level factors act in generating disparities has important implications for clinicians and policy-makers. OBJECTIVE: To measure the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and postoperative complications after major elective cardiovascular procedures. DESIGN: Multicity hospital-based study. SUBJECTS: Using Hospital Discharge Registries (ICD-9-CM codes), 19 310 pat…
Income level and chronic ambulatory care sensitive conditions in adults
The socioeconomic gradient in ACSC hospitalization rates confirms the gap in health status between social groups in our country. Insufficient or ineffective primary care is suggested as a plausible additional factor aggravating inequality. This finding highlights the need for improving outpatient care programmes to reduce the excess of unnecessary hospitalizations among poor people
Educational inequalities in smoking cessation trends in Italy, 1982–2002
Educational inequalities in smoking cessation persisted in both relative and absolute terms. The increase in smoking cessation rates in 2000-2002 suggests that tobacco control policies may have reached more disadvantaged smokers, although smokers of higher socioeconomic groups seem to have benefited the most
Educational inequalities in avoidable mortality in Europe
BACKGROUND: The magnitude of educational inequalities in mortality avoidable by medical care in 16 European populations was compared, and the contribution of inequalities in avoidable mortality to educational inequalities in life expectancy in Europe was determined. METHODS: Mortality data were obtained for people aged 30-64 years. For each country, the association between level of education and avoidable mortality was measured with the use of re…
Health inequalities between lone and couple mothers and policy under different welfare regimes - The example of Italy, Sweden and Britain
Does non-employment contribute to the health disadvantage among lone mothers in Britain, Italy and Sweden? Synergy effects and the meaning of family policy
Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality from conditions amenable to medical interventions
We did not find evidence that inequalities in mortality from amenable conditions are related to inequalities in access or quality of health care. Further research is needed to find the causes of socio-economic inequalities in mortality from amenable conditions, and caution should be exercised in interpreting these inequalities as indicating health care deficiencies
Educational inequalities in blood pressure and cholesterol screening in nine European countries
BACKGROUND: To perform the first European overview of educational inequalities in the use of blood pressure and cholesterol screening. METHODS: Data were obtained on the use of screening services according to educational level from nationally representative cross-sectional surveys in Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Italy, Latvia and Lithuania. Screening rates were examined in the preceding 12 months and 5 years, for r…
The impact of migration in all-cause mortality
Job tenure and work injuries
In a context in which career fragmentation is increasing, workers find themselves more and more in the "high risk" period and only individuals who are able to build their career with similar jobs may mitigate the higher risks thanks to their past experience. If institutions don't adopt appropriate prevention policies, injury risk is likely to increase, especially among young people
Socioeconomic inequalities in injury mortality in small areas of 15 European cities
Medicine (52 obras) · Health disparities and outcomes (41 obras) · Demography (39 obras) · Environmental health (39 obras) · Population (36 obras) · Inequality (31 obras) · Employment and Welfare Studies (30 obras) · Socioeconomic status (25 obras) · Sociology (25 obras) · Demography (19 obras)