Christina Campbell
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3591052 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Christina Campbell |
| NOMBRES | Christina |
| APELLIDO | Campbell |
| FIRMA | CAMPBELL C |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Cincinnati |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3716-0214 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 21 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 37 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 21 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2009 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Risk typology
Black girls are disproportionately represented in the juvenile justice system, yet standard risk assessments seldom capture the intersecting effects of race, gender, trauma, and structural disadvantage. This study tests whether cumulative scores from the Ohio Youth Assessment System Disposition Tool accurately reflect the needs of justice-involved Black girls. Using data from 485 youth, a two-step cluster analysis identified four distinct risk ty…
Beyond monolithic threat
Black male youth are at greatest risk of disparate contact and detention in the U.S. juvenile justice system. This study aims to identify recidivism risk/need patterns among African American male youth in the Ohio juvenile justice system, utilizing cluster analysis of risk assessment data from the Ohio Youth Assessment System-Disposition (OYAS-DIS). We found four distinct risk patterns and accompanying recidivism rates in the Black male youth pop…
The Contribution of Static and Dynamic Factors to Recidivism Prediction for Black and White Youth Offenders
Scholars have presented concerns about potential for racial bias in risk assessments as a result of the inclusion of static factors, such as criminal history in risk assessments. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which static factors add incremental validity to the dynamic factors in criminogenic risk assessments. This study examined the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) in a sample of 1,270 youth off…
Transitioning From Victim to Perpetrator
Some criminologists have focused on understanding the role of childhood experiences on an individual's likelihood of offending during adulthood. Although research has consistently linked these two phenomena, little is known about the extent to which childhood victimization influences later criminal behavior. The current study analyzed self-reported data to examine the abused-abuser relationship in the context of intimate relationships. Specifical…
Profile Analysis and Risk Assessment
The goal of this study was to identify distinct and meaningful profiles of the seven criminogenic risk and need domains included on the Ohio Youth Assessment System—Disposition Tool (OYAS-DIS). This goal was accomplished by conducting a latent profile analysis (LPA) on a sample of 4,383 formally processed justice-involved youth assessed by the OYAS-DIS. The LPA determined there were six distinct profiles: (1) Low risk and need, (2) Low/moderate r…
Bias detected? An examination of criminal history using the Oyas-DIS for girls and black youth
Black youth and girls are at an increased risk of formal involvement in the juvenile justice system. These differential experiences have the potential to harm the validity of the criminal history measures on juvenile risk assessments. The present study examines the incremental validity of the criminal history items on the Ohio Youth Assessment System-Disposition Tool in a sample of 3,591 youth across gender and race. Results indicated that the cr…
Understanding the Role of Neighborhood Typology and Sociodemographic Characteristics on Time to Recidivism Among Adjudicated Youth
This study examined the effect of neighborhood disadvantage and criminogenic risk on juvenile recidivism. The sample included 893 youths involved in the delinquency/formal probation division of one Midwestern county juvenile court between 2004 and 2010. Juveniles were classified into one of three neighborhood typologies (i.e., Distressed/Disadvantage, Resilient/Mixed, Benchmark/Advantaged) based on the socioeconomic conditions in their neighborho…
Protective Factors for Reducing Juvenile Reoffending
Juvenile court practitioners and researchers have recently gained interest in evaluating internal and external strengths, or protective factors. Some scholars assert that incorporating measures of strengths into the risk assessment process can increase the accuracy of identifying odds of recidivating. Relatively few juvenile risk assessment validation studies have evaluated the predictive validity of strengths. This study employed a diverse sampl…
Wine, Beer, and Lotto
Many studies find a higher density of liquor stores in urban communities with predominantly Black and/or low-income residents. Although these business establishments tend to fill commercial voids in these neighborhoods, residents complain that liquor stores often provoke serious problems. Scholars support these claims with findings showing evidence of strong correlations between liquor stores and crime, domestic abuse, and substance abuse. The pr…
Risk assessment as a mechanism for reducing differential treatment of minorities by a juvenile justice system
Disparities in treatment of African American juvenile offenders persist in juvenile justice systems across the United States. This study examined adjudication trends over a ten-year span within a Mid-Western County’s juvenile court for African American young offenders subsequent of the system’s implementation of the Risk Need Responsivity Model (RNR-Model). Special attention was given to changes in disproportionate minority contact with intensive…
Validation and examination of the Ohio Youth Assessment System with juvenile sex offenders
Research Summary In this study, we examined the use of an actuarial risk assessment tool—the Ohio Youth Assessment System‐Disposition Tool (OYAS‐Disposition Tool)—with juvenile sex offenders. Specifically, the main goals of the study were to (a) examine the predictive validity of the tool with sex offenders and (b) explore the nature of the use of professional discretion used to override the tool. The sample consisted of 3,235 youth from a large …
Disproportionate minority contact in the juvenile justice system
Historically, minority youth have experienced harsher punishments and more negative outcomes than White youth even when risk assessment is used. The current study investigated the role of ethnicity in an understudied dispositional decision–program referral–and the outcomes associated with said referral using a sample of juvenile offenders (N = 2,678). The study used the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) to determine (1) i…
Risk Assessment and Juvenile Justice
Research Summary In this study, we examine the interaction between race, gender, and risk assessment score on risk for recidivism. We used the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) to measure criminogenic risk among a sample of delinquent youth. The results of multivariate Cox regression revealed a significant interaction between race, gender, and risk score when predicting recidivism. The findings indicated that the slope of…
Current U.S. Agency-Level Trends in Supporting Implementation of Evidence-Based Practices in Parole
Parole agencies must protect public safety and promote successful offender reentry. To date, little is known at a national level about the extent to which agencies have the infrastructure and support to implement evidence-based practices to help them in these efforts. Results from this nationally-representative (U.S.) survey of senior parole suggest that most agencies are aware of and have taken steps to formalize implementation of some evidence-…
Youth Drug Offenders
Understanding the criminogenic risk factors and treatment needs of juvenile drug offenders is important because of the myriad negative outcomes that befall juveniles that are involved in drugs. A widely used juvenile risk assessment tool, the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) was utilized to explore criminogenic risk factors and treatment needs to predict recidivism. Demographic differences between drug and nondrug offend…
Gender-Responsive Intervention for Female Juvenile Offenders
The increasing proportion of girls in the juvenile justice system has prompted courts to develop gender-responsive services. The present study examined data from a mid-sized county juvenile court to examine the effects of a group home intervention for girls. The study compared group home participants ( n = 172) with girls who did not receive group home treatment ( n = 814) using propensity score matching (PSM). Girls who received group home treat…
The assessment of early trauma exposure on social-emotional health of young children
Adherence to traditionally masculine norms and condom-related beliefs
Although studies have shown that adherence to traditional masculine norms (i.e., Status, Toughness, Antifemininity) affect men's attitudes toward sexual health, there is little research on how men's adherence to these norms affect them in the context of heterosexual, dyadic relationships. Among 296 young pregnant couples, we investigated the extent to which adherence to traditional masculine norms affected male and female partners' own condom-rel…
Fathers matter
Juvenile offenders and experiences of neglect
Risk Assessment
Risk assessments like the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) are widely used by juvenile justice systems to identify young offenders that are likely to reoffend. These instruments are also used for case management purposes, to determine areas of criminogenic risk that are amenable to intervention. This study explored the risk–recidivism relationship between YLS/CMI score and reoffense rates over 24 months for African Ameri…
Fathers matter
Gender-Responsive Intervention for Female Juvenile Offenders
The increasing proportion of girls in the juvenile justice system has prompted courts to develop gender-responsive services. The present study examined data from a mid-sized county juvenile court to examine the effects of a group home intervention for girls. The study compared group home participants ( n = 172) with girls who did not receive group home treatment ( n = 814) using propensity score matching (PSM). Girls who received group home treat…
Risk Assessment and Juvenile Justice
Research Summary In this study, we examine the interaction between race, gender, and risk assessment score on risk for recidivism. We used the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) to measure criminogenic risk among a sample of delinquent youth. The results of multivariate Cox regression revealed a significant interaction between race, gender, and risk score when predicting recidivism. The findings indicated that the slope of…
Adherence to traditionally masculine norms and condom-related beliefs
Although studies have shown that adherence to traditional masculine norms (i.e., Status, Toughness, Antifemininity) affect men's attitudes toward sexual health, there is little research on how men's adherence to these norms affect them in the context of heterosexual, dyadic relationships. Among 296 young pregnant couples, we investigated the extent to which adherence to traditional masculine norms affected male and female partners' own condom-rel…
Juvenile offenders and experiences of neglect
Beyond monolithic threat
Black male youth are at greatest risk of disparate contact and detention in the U.S. juvenile justice system. This study aims to identify recidivism risk/need patterns among African American male youth in the Ohio juvenile justice system, utilizing cluster analysis of risk assessment data from the Ohio Youth Assessment System-Disposition (OYAS-DIS). We found four distinct risk patterns and accompanying recidivism rates in the Black male youth pop…
Transitioning From Victim to Perpetrator
Some criminologists have focused on understanding the role of childhood experiences on an individual's likelihood of offending during adulthood. Although research has consistently linked these two phenomena, little is known about the extent to which childhood victimization influences later criminal behavior. The current study analyzed self-reported data to examine the abused-abuser relationship in the context of intimate relationships. Specifical…
Validation and examination of the Ohio Youth Assessment System with juvenile sex offenders
Research Summary In this study, we examined the use of an actuarial risk assessment tool—the Ohio Youth Assessment System‐Disposition Tool (OYAS‐Disposition Tool)—with juvenile sex offenders. Specifically, the main goals of the study were to (a) examine the predictive validity of the tool with sex offenders and (b) explore the nature of the use of professional discretion used to override the tool. The sample consisted of 3,235 youth from a large …
The assessment of early trauma exposure on social-emotional health of young children
Risk Assessment
Risk assessments like the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) are widely used by juvenile justice systems to identify young offenders that are likely to reoffend. These instruments are also used for case management purposes, to determine areas of criminogenic risk that are amenable to intervention. This study explored the risk–recidivism relationship between YLS/CMI score and reoffense rates over 24 months for African Ameri…
Juvenile offenders and experiences of neglect
Adherence to traditionally masculine norms and condom-related beliefs
Although studies have shown that adherence to traditional masculine norms (i.e., Status, Toughness, Antifemininity) affect men's attitudes toward sexual health, there is little research on how men's adherence to these norms affect them in the context of heterosexual, dyadic relationships. Among 296 young pregnant couples, we investigated the extent to which adherence to traditional masculine norms affected male and female partners' own condom-rel…
Fathers matter
Youth Drug Offenders
Understanding the criminogenic risk factors and treatment needs of juvenile drug offenders is important because of the myriad negative outcomes that befall juveniles that are involved in drugs. A widely used juvenile risk assessment tool, the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) was utilized to explore criminogenic risk factors and treatment needs to predict recidivism. Demographic differences between drug and nondrug offend…
Gender-Responsive Intervention for Female Juvenile Offenders
The increasing proportion of girls in the juvenile justice system has prompted courts to develop gender-responsive services. The present study examined data from a mid-sized county juvenile court to examine the effects of a group home intervention for girls. The study compared group home participants ( n = 172) with girls who did not receive group home treatment ( n = 814) using propensity score matching (PSM). Girls who received group home treat…
The assessment of early trauma exposure on social-emotional health of young children
Current U.S. Agency-Level Trends in Supporting Implementation of Evidence-Based Practices in Parole
Parole agencies must protect public safety and promote successful offender reentry. To date, little is known at a national level about the extent to which agencies have the infrastructure and support to implement evidence-based practices to help them in these efforts. Results from this nationally-representative (U.S.) survey of senior parole suggest that most agencies are aware of and have taken steps to formalize implementation of some evidence-…
Disproportionate minority contact in the juvenile justice system
Historically, minority youth have experienced harsher punishments and more negative outcomes than White youth even when risk assessment is used. The current study investigated the role of ethnicity in an understudied dispositional decision–program referral–and the outcomes associated with said referral using a sample of juvenile offenders (N = 2,678). The study used the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) to determine (1) i…
Risk Assessment and Juvenile Justice
Research Summary In this study, we examine the interaction between race, gender, and risk assessment score on risk for recidivism. We used the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) to measure criminogenic risk among a sample of delinquent youth. The results of multivariate Cox regression revealed a significant interaction between race, gender, and risk score when predicting recidivism. The findings indicated that the slope of…
Risk assessment as a mechanism for reducing differential treatment of minorities by a juvenile justice system
Disparities in treatment of African American juvenile offenders persist in juvenile justice systems across the United States. This study examined adjudication trends over a ten-year span within a Mid-Western County’s juvenile court for African American young offenders subsequent of the system’s implementation of the Risk Need Responsivity Model (RNR-Model). Special attention was given to changes in disproportionate minority contact with intensive…
Validation and examination of the Ohio Youth Assessment System with juvenile sex offenders
Research Summary In this study, we examined the use of an actuarial risk assessment tool—the Ohio Youth Assessment System‐Disposition Tool (OYAS‐Disposition Tool)—with juvenile sex offenders. Specifically, the main goals of the study were to (a) examine the predictive validity of the tool with sex offenders and (b) explore the nature of the use of professional discretion used to override the tool. The sample consisted of 3,235 youth from a large …
Understanding the Role of Neighborhood Typology and Sociodemographic Characteristics on Time to Recidivism Among Adjudicated Youth
This study examined the effect of neighborhood disadvantage and criminogenic risk on juvenile recidivism. The sample included 893 youths involved in the delinquency/formal probation division of one Midwestern county juvenile court between 2004 and 2010. Juveniles were classified into one of three neighborhood typologies (i.e., Distressed/Disadvantage, Resilient/Mixed, Benchmark/Advantaged) based on the socioeconomic conditions in their neighborho…
Protective Factors for Reducing Juvenile Reoffending
Juvenile court practitioners and researchers have recently gained interest in evaluating internal and external strengths, or protective factors. Some scholars assert that incorporating measures of strengths into the risk assessment process can increase the accuracy of identifying odds of recidivating. Relatively few juvenile risk assessment validation studies have evaluated the predictive validity of strengths. This study employed a diverse sampl…
Wine, Beer, and Lotto
Many studies find a higher density of liquor stores in urban communities with predominantly Black and/or low-income residents. Although these business establishments tend to fill commercial voids in these neighborhoods, residents complain that liquor stores often provoke serious problems. Scholars support these claims with findings showing evidence of strong correlations between liquor stores and crime, domestic abuse, and substance abuse. The pr…
Profile Analysis and Risk Assessment
The goal of this study was to identify distinct and meaningful profiles of the seven criminogenic risk and need domains included on the Ohio Youth Assessment System—Disposition Tool (OYAS-DIS). This goal was accomplished by conducting a latent profile analysis (LPA) on a sample of 4,383 formally processed justice-involved youth assessed by the OYAS-DIS. The LPA determined there were six distinct profiles: (1) Low risk and need, (2) Low/moderate r…
Bias detected? An examination of criminal history using the Oyas-DIS for girls and black youth
Black youth and girls are at an increased risk of formal involvement in the juvenile justice system. These differential experiences have the potential to harm the validity of the criminal history measures on juvenile risk assessments. The present study examines the incremental validity of the criminal history items on the Ohio Youth Assessment System-Disposition Tool in a sample of 3,591 youth across gender and race. Results indicated that the cr…
The Contribution of Static and Dynamic Factors to Recidivism Prediction for Black and White Youth Offenders
Scholars have presented concerns about potential for racial bias in risk assessments as a result of the inclusion of static factors, such as criminal history in risk assessments. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which static factors add incremental validity to the dynamic factors in criminogenic risk assessments. This study examined the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) in a sample of 1,270 youth off…
Transitioning From Victim to Perpetrator
Some criminologists have focused on understanding the role of childhood experiences on an individual's likelihood of offending during adulthood. Although research has consistently linked these two phenomena, little is known about the extent to which childhood victimization influences later criminal behavior. The current study analyzed self-reported data to examine the abused-abuser relationship in the context of intimate relationships. Specifical…
Beyond monolithic threat
Black male youth are at greatest risk of disparate contact and detention in the U.S. juvenile justice system. This study aims to identify recidivism risk/need patterns among African American male youth in the Ohio juvenile justice system, utilizing cluster analysis of risk assessment data from the Ohio Youth Assessment System-Disposition (OYAS-DIS). We found four distinct risk patterns and accompanying recidivism rates in the Black male youth pop…
Risk typology
Black girls are disproportionately represented in the juvenile justice system, yet standard risk assessments seldom capture the intersecting effects of race, gender, trauma, and structural disadvantage. This study tests whether cumulative scores from the Ohio Youth Assessment System Disposition Tool accurately reflect the needs of justice-involved Black girls. Using data from 485 youth, a two-step cluster analysis identified four distinct risk ty…
Psychology (19 obras) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (13 obras) · Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending (13 obras) · Clinical Psychology (11 obras) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (11 obras) · Juvenile delinquency (11 obras) · Political science (10 obras) · Recidivism (10 obras) · Criminology (9 obras) · Medicine (9 obras)