Warren Shapiro
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3597172 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Warren Shapiro |
| NOMBRES | Warren |
| APELLIDO | Shapiro |
| FIRMA | SHAPIRO W |
| AFILIACIONES | Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey |
| ORCID | 0009-0000-0277-7639 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 68 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 247 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 68 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1966 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Misconceptions about Conception Theories. A Critique of Carol Delaney
Carol Delaney has repeatedly argued that a "monogenic" theory of procreation, whereby women are held to be mere receptacles of semen in coitus, the fetus being attributed solely to the male contribution, is the sole theory of reproduction in the Turkish village in which she worked. It is argued here that (1) she takes no account of the considerable literature on local variation in such theories; (2) that, despite the Koranic basis of the monogeni…
The ‘Social Construction’ of David Schneider as ‘A Giant of Anthropology’
David Schneider is widely regarded as one of the great anthropologists of our times. This article questions this opinion. First it shows that his fieldwork on the Micronesian island of Yap evidences ethnographic insensitivity, particularly on the matter of an alleged ignorance of physiological paternity, thus calling into question his supposed concern with getting at native understandings. The alleged ignorance forms the ethnographic basis for hi…
Nuer Sociality and Current Kinship Controversy
In his critique of sociobiology, Marshall Sahlins relies heavily on Evans-Pritchard's best-known publications on the Nuer. He maintains that Nuer sociality is most accurately analyzed as "culture," not "biology." This dichotomy is the basis of his more recent statement on human kinship. By contrast, it is shown here, based on a more comprehensive attention to the pertinent literature, that Nuer sociality is largely consistent with Darwinian and W…
Rethinking Navajo Social Theory
Hal Scheffler, in arguing that native concepts about procreation provide the basis for kin reckoning universally, presented considerable evidence for his argument, in addition to the extension rules for which he is best known, This essay applies this evidence to the Navajo materials and shows that a Schefflerian analysis is correct. By contrast, the analysis of Nava-jo kinship by Gary Witherspoon, indebted to David Schneider’s ideas, is shown to …
Focality and Extension in Kinship
When we think of kinship, we usually think of ties between people based upon blood or marriage. But we also have other ways—nowadays called ‘performative’—of establishing kinship, or hinting at kinship: many Christians have, in addition to parents, godparents; members of a trade union may refer to each other as ‘brother’ or ‘sister’. Similar performative ties are even more common among the so-called ‘tribal’ peoples that anthropologists have stud…
Fifteen Complaints against the New Kinship Studies
Anthropos , Seite 21 - 38
Toward a Post-Schneiderian Perspective on Kinship
The so-called new kinship studies, inspired by David Schneider, are shown to be mistaken in arguing that non-Western kinship notions are not grounded in native appreciations of procreation. The argument is sustainable mostly by an almost complete neglect of the pertinent kinship terminologies. Attention to such terminologies, by contrast, shows that close procreative kin, even when superficially classed with others, including non-kin, are in fact…
Why Schneiderian Kinship Studies Have It All Wrong
Followers of David Schneider regularly claim that kinship in one or another community is not based upon native procreative notions. This claim has been shown to be wrong in several cases. But early childhood adoption might be thought to pose a special challenge to these correctives, because, unlike kinship notions established later in life, it draws upon the decided tendency of the very young to attach themselves to adult caretakers regardless of…
Totemism
Not "From the Natives' Point of View." - Why the New Kinship Studies Need the Old Kinship Terminologies
Anthropos , Seite 1 - 14
Contesting Marshall Sahlins on Kinship
In a recent two-part article on the nature of kinship, Marshall Sahlins maintains that performative criteria for kin-reckoning are at least as salient as procreative ones, and that, at conception, an individual is endowed with a wide circle of kin, including the ancestral dead. For both reasons, he argues, there is no warrant for granting privileged status to what anthropologists have called ‘primary’ kinship. The contentions here are that perfor…
On the Alleged Disjunction between Cultural and Darwinian Understandings of Human Kinship
Various anthropologists have alleged that cultural constructions of kinship are at odds with Darwinian understandings of the same phenomena. The argument here is that this is not at all the case if attention is paid to the semantic structure of kinship categories, which reveals that the central members of these categories are indeed close procreative kin. Attention is also drawn to supporting research in cognitive psychology
Anti-Family Fantasies in "Cutting-Edge" Anthropological Kinship Studies
Extensionism
Extensionism and the nature of kinship
The Nuclear Familyversusthe Men's House? A re-examination of Mundurucú Sociality
It has been posited that in communities with residential men's houses there is perforce no nuclear family. This position is examined with reference to the published data on the Mundurucú of Central Brazil. Comparative data are also examined from Oceania and elsewhere. The conclusion is that the two institutions do indeed co-exist in the Mundurucú case. I should like to thank Tom Gregor and Tom Parides for encouragement, and for comments on an ear…
Structuralism versus Sociology
Fanti Kinship and the Analysis of Kinship Terminologies . David B. Kronenfeld
Some Implications of Clark Wissler's Race Theory
A recent attempt to place the name of Clark Wissler in a central position in the history of anthropology ignores his blatant racism. Wissler's racism was evident not only in scholarly and popular circles, but, as well, was employed by the United States government to give ‘scientific’ status to its Immigration Act of 1924. The Act favoured the inflow of Northwest Europeans at the expense of Eastern European Jews and other groups who had been immig…
Semi-Moiety Organization
Kinship and beyond
The Old Kinship Studies Confronts Gay Kinship
Kath Weston's highly-acclaimed analysis of gay kinship is examined in the light of the old kinship studies, especially the notion of focality. The verdict is quite contrary to Weston's, viz. that gay kinship and the idea of gay families are structural derivatives of heterosexual kinship and heterosexual families. Weston's work is shown to be part of a larger collectivist project in kinship theory in which key concerns in semantic theory are ignor…
Marxist/Feminist Models in the New Guinea Highlands
The widespread existence of men's houses in Highland New Guinea raises the question as to the existence of the nuclear family in this area. We know that in some cases (e.g. the ‘Sambiah’) a married couple co‐reside, despite the fear of the woman's alleged pollution. In others there may be symbolic isolation of the nuclear family, e.g. by subclassification in kin terminology. The matter is especially important in current kinship studies, wherein M…
Discussion of ‘A. L. Kroeber and the New Kinship Studies
I want first to thank the author of this article for his stimulating critique. It seems that the misunderstanding between him and the authors he critiques comes from the fact that we are not talkin
A Maverick Boasian
The Affinal Relationship System
Social Organization in Aboriginal Australia
This book focuses on kinship and affinity, important aspects of Aboriginal social organization which the author claims have not been satisfactorily explained in the literature. He illustrates his arguments with data on the social life of the Aboriginal peoples of north-eastern Arnhem Land and elsewhere. Professor Shapiro challenges the theories of some of the established authorities, and argues that some dicta are distorted: the character of four…
Extensionism and the nature of kinship
Readings in Kinship and Social Structure
Ritual Kinship, Ritual Incorporation and the Denial of Death
Claude Lévi-Strauss Meets Alexander Goldenweiser
Contrary to some recent overviews of the "Boas school" (e.g., by Marvin Harris and Derek Freeman), Boasian anthropology was far from unified even on a single subject: totemism. Although more recent thought on this subject stems from Lévi-Strauss, Alexander Goldenweiser's corpus on totemism anticipates Lévi-Strauss's formulations. This corpus included ideas that altered in the course of Goldenweiser's career, and these alterations were differently…
Pintupi Country, Pintupi Self
Kinship and marriage in Sirioný society
Focality and Extension in Kinship
When we think of kinship, we usually think of ties between people based upon blood or marriage. But we also have other ways—nowadays called ‘performative’—of establishing kinship, or hinting at kinship: many Christians have, in addition to parents, godparents; members of a trade union may refer to each other as ‘brother’ or ‘sister’. Similar performative ties are even more common among the so-called ‘tribal’ peoples that anthropologists have stud…
Why Schneiderian Kinship Studies Have It All Wrong
Followers of David Schneider regularly claim that kinship in one or another community is not based upon native procreative notions. This claim has been shown to be wrong in several cases. But early childhood adoption might be thought to pose a special challenge to these correctives, because, unlike kinship notions established later in life, it draws upon the decided tendency of the very young to attach themselves to adult caretakers regardless of…
The Old Kinship Studies Confronts Gay Kinship
Kath Weston's highly-acclaimed analysis of gay kinship is examined in the light of the old kinship studies, especially the notion of focality. The verdict is quite contrary to Weston's, viz. that gay kinship and the idea of gay families are structural derivatives of heterosexual kinship and heterosexual families. Weston's work is shown to be part of a larger collectivist project in kinship theory in which key concerns in semantic theory are ignor…
A. L. Kroeber and the New Kinship Studies
In his classic 1909 article, 'Classificatory systems of relationship', A. L. Kroeber argued for a universal procreative or genealogical grid that is largely independent of external causation and therefore directly revelatory of the structure of the human mind. Kroeber's argument is brought to bear upon the so-called 'new kinship studies', particularly upon the lack of such a grid posited in these studies, and is shown to be ethnographically more …
Universal Systems of Kin Categorisation as Primitivist Projects1
Ideology, 'History of Religions' and Hunter-Gatherer Studies
Les etudes sur les chasseurs-cueilleurs, en particulier les travaux des traditionalistes dedies aux Bushmen, ont cherche a gagner le haut du pave rhetorique en privilegiant les facteurs techno-economiques dans la vie humaine aux depens de l'ideologie. Cependant cela meme exemplifie une ideologie. En effet, les theories sur les chasseurs-cueilleurs sont pour la plupart en conformite avec les structures mythiques decouvertes par les etudiants des r…
Residential Grouping in Northeast Arnhem Land
The Development of Omaha Kinship Terminologies in Three Australian Aboriginal Tribes of the Kimberley Division, Western Australia
Semi-Moiety Organisation and Mother-in-Law Bestowal in Northeast Arnhem Land
Preliminary Report on Field Work in Northeastern Arnhem Land
Toward a Post-Schneiderian Perspective on Kinship
The so-called new kinship studies, inspired by David Schneider, are shown to be mistaken in arguing that non-Western kinship notions are not grounded in native appreciations of procreation. The argument is sustainable mostly by an almost complete neglect of the pertinent kinship terminologies. Attention to such terminologies, by contrast, shows that close procreative kin, even when superficially classed with others, including non-kin, are in fact…
Genealogical Structures and Consanguineous Marriage [and Comments and Replies]
It has been shown that mean age differences between genealogical relatives can take on a stable structure. It has further been discovered that in some populations the age differences among relatives preclude systematic sister exchange and bilateral first-and/or second-cross-cousin marriage. These discoveries have been generalized by some who argue that systematic sister exchange and bilateral cross-cousin marriage cannot occur in populations such…
The Ethnography of Two-Section Systems
Warren Shapiro's "The Ethnography of Two-Section Systems" examines societies structured around dual organization, a principle where social groups are divided into two complementary and interconnected halves. He argues against the prevailing functionalist interpretations of dual organization, which often focus on maintaining social equilibrium. Instead, Shapiro proposes that these systems are inherently dynamic and characterized by competition and…
The Exchange of Sister's Daughter's Daughters in Northeast Arnhem Land
Not "From the Natives' Point of View." - Why the New Kinship Studies Need the Old Kinship Terminologies
Anthropos , Seite 1 - 14
The Nuclear Familyversusthe Men's House? A re-examination of Mundurucú Sociality
It has been posited that in communities with residential men's houses there is perforce no nuclear family. This position is examined with reference to the published data on the Mundurucú of Central Brazil. Comparative data are also examined from Oceania and elsewhere. The conclusion is that the two institutions do indeed co-exist in the Mundurucú case. I should like to thank Tom Gregor and Tom Parides for encouragement, and for comments on an ear…
Anti-Family Fantasies in "Cutting-Edge" Anthropological Kinship Studies
Secondary unions and kinship terminology
On the Classification of Bifurcate Merging Systems
On Patrilocal Bands
Relational Affiliation in 'Unilineal' Descent Systems
Preliminary Report on Field Work in Northeastern Arnhem Land
Kinship and marriage in Sirioný society
The Exchange of Sister's Daughter's Daughters in Northeast Arnhem Land
Asymmetric marriage in Australia and Southeast Asia
The Development of Omaha Kinship Terminologies in Three Australian Aboriginal Tribes of the Kimberley Division, Western Australia
Semi-Moiety Organisation and Mother-in-Law Bestowal in Northeast Arnhem Land
Ethnography and Ethnology
The Ethnography of Two-Section Systems
Warren Shapiro's "The Ethnography of Two-Section Systems" examines societies structured around dual organization, a principle where social groups are divided into two complementary and interconnected halves. He argues against the prevailing functionalist interpretations of dual organization, which often focus on maintaining social equilibrium. Instead, Shapiro proposes that these systems are inherently dynamic and characterized by competition and…
Patri-Groups, Patri-Categories, and Sections in Australian Aboriginal Social Classification
This article examines the complexities of Australian Aboriginal social classification, focusing on the interplay of patri-groups, patri-categories, and sections. Shapiro argues against the prevailing notion of mechanical section systems, demonstrating how these classifications are dynamic and adaptable to changing social contexts. He uses ethnographic data from various Australian Aboriginal groups to illustrate the flexibility and fluidity of the…
Ethnology
Readings in Kinship and Social Structure
Comparative Studies in Kinship
Residential Grouping in Northeast Arnhem Land
Structure, Variation, and Change in "Balamumu" Social Classification
The eight-class system and relationship terminology of some of the Aboriginal peoples to the south of the Miwuyt ("Murngin") are examined, with a view to other Arnhem Land patterns of social classification. The class system is employed in Aranda fashion. The relationship terminology, though obviously related to the controversial Miwuyt scheme, approximates the Aranda and not the "Murngin" model. Evidence is presented which indicates that the term…
Genealogical Structures and Consanguineous Marriage [and Comments and Replies]
It has been shown that mean age differences between genealogical relatives can take on a stable structure. It has further been discovered that in some populations the age differences among relatives preclude systematic sister exchange and bilateral first-and/or second-cross-cousin marriage. These discoveries have been generalized by some who argue that systematic sister exchange and bilateral cross-cousin marriage cannot occur in populations such…
The Affinal Relationship System
Cultural/Applied
Some Issues in Academic Ethnographic Theory
Cultural/Ethnology
General/Theoretical
Social Organization in Aboriginal Australia
This book focuses on kinship and affinity, important aspects of Aboriginal social organization which the author claims have not been satisfactorily explained in the literature. He illustrates his arguments with data on the social life of the Aboriginal peoples of north-eastern Arnhem Land and elsewhere. Professor Shapiro challenges the theories of some of the established authorities, and argues that some dicta are distorted: the character of four…
Sociology (54 obras) · History (47 obras) · Anthropology (41 obras) · Genealogy (32 obras) · History (32 obras) · Kinship (28 obras) · Computer Science (22 obras) · Philosophy (22 obras) · Library science (18 obras) · Epistemology (17 obras)