Nicole Fox
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3603545 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Nicole Fox |
| NOMBRES | Nicole |
| APELLIDO | Fox |
| FIRMA | FOX N |
| AFILIACIONES | California State University, Sacramento |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3381-716X |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 24 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 32 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 24 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2012 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
To Pertenecer or to Belong
Context: Scholars position mentorship as deeply entangled with Latine students’ sense of belonging in higher education. Literature shows that students’ perceptions of belonging are strong indicators of degree completion and of students’ sense of preparation for postgraduate careers. Scholars stress the importance of mentors in navigating challenges unique to the Latine doctoral experience, including a lack of adequate Latine representation, exper…
Advancing Racial Justice in Criminal Justice Education
Crime Without Borders
This book introduces students to the challenges related to international crime and punishment and the ways that criminal justice systems have sought to confront them. The dismantling and opening up of borders by technology, transportation, international trade, and the global flow of labor and capital have allowed those engaging in criminal behavior to work across borders in ways that challenge the traditional nation-state and its criminal justice…
Post-Genocide Research in Rwanda
The Third Shift
Following the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, women took on greater responsibilities as heads of households, lobbied for women’s rights, and entered political positions at unprecedented rates. This article analyses the mass nationwide movement of women into roles as gacaca court judges following the genocide, through interviews with 55 women judges. Specifically, we emphasize both the highs and lows of this experience as compared to their male counterpa…
Lessons from the Field
Conducting research in post-atrocity settings contributes to broader societal efforts to address the legacies of genocide, promote justice, and educate the public in ways that foster a more inclusive future for affected societies. At the same time, such fieldwork requires a heightened level of care for research participants, researchers, and their team. By highlighting the complex dynamics of international research in communities recovering from …
Political Invisibility
This article draws upon interviews with 50 Rwandan mothers who risked their lives to save others during the 1994 genocide. We position our study within a growing body of research examining women's engagement in resistance movements, and we theorize rescue efforts by mothers during genocide as a case of political invisibility. Specifically, our findings show how mothers were able to capitalize on their political invisibility in strategic ways that…
In the Aftermath
During the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, some individuals risked their lives to save others. While much research has analyzed why people rescue during genocide, no studies have systematically analyzed the post-conflict consequences of engaging in such actions. This article begins to fill this gap by treating rescue as a case of behavioural boundary crossing, or individual defection from the expectations of a behavioral script. We rely upon 45 in-depth…
Transitional Justice in Public and Private
In 1979, during an anti-racism march in the city in Greensboro, North Carolina, KKK and Nazi Party members opened fire on demonstrators, killing five and wounding eight. On the cusp of the 25th anniversary of these killings, efforts by community members culminated in the convening of the first Truth and Reconciliation Commission (GTRC) in the US. Drawing on a unique collection of public testimonies and private interviews with GTRC staff, we use a…
Contesting Commemorative Landscapes
Following the racially motivated shootings at an African American church in Charleston, South Carolina, in 2015, a wave of contentious campaigns around Confederate statuary emerged, or at least intensified, in communities across the country. Yet local struggles have culminated in vastly different alterations to the built environment. This paper develops a framework for differentiating distinct 'modes of recontextualization' rooted in the relocati…
Following Heavenly Orders
This case study of heroic deviance focuses onHutu who did not participate in the genocidal violence in 1994 Rwanda and instead risked their lives to rescue Tutsi. Drawing from 45 in-depth interviews, we examine how these deviant heroes invoke religion to narrate their actions. We find that interviewees often neutralize their acts of rescue by attributing responsibility to God. We also theorize why those who engaged in rescue may use religion to n…
The Impact of Religious Beliefs, Practices, and Social Networks on Rwandan Rescue Efforts During Genocide
In April 1994, in one of the most Christian nations in Africa, genocidal violence erupted culminating in the deaths of upwards of one million people. While thousands participated in mass killings, others choose not to, and rescued persecuted individuals instead. Relying on 45 in-depth interviews with individuals who rescued others in Rwanda, we demonstrate that religion is tied to rescue efforts in at least three ways: 1) through the creation of …
Memorialization and Covid-19
Communities across the world have begun recording COVID-19 narratives for future memorialization efforts and commemorating those who have perished from the virus through online memorials. It is time to pair their efforts with national ones. Here, the author explains how
Sexual Assault Prevalence and Community College Students
Recently, much research has been dedicated to understanding how to prevent and address the aftermath of sexual assault (SA) on traditional 4-year college and university campuses in the United States. However, less scholarly attention has been paid to 2-year institutions, commonly known as community colleges. This review illuminates the different situational contexts faced by community college students, compared with students at 4-year colleges. T…
Memory in Interaction
Societies often institutionally commemorate histories marred by atrocity crimes through the development of permanent memorials in efforts to create a national collective memory. While scholars have documented the gendered silences within collective memories more generally, the processes that variously enforce and/or break such silences are less clear. In analyzing these silences—as well as resistance against them—across three memorials in Rwanda,…
“I Decided to Save Them”
Collective action scholars have long examined why people choose to participate in social movements. This article argues that this body of scholarship can be productively applied to understanding rescue efforts during genocide, which have typically been associated with altruism and other psychological explanations. We analyze the case of Rwanda, where people worked collectively to save Tutsi from the violence that swept across the country in 1994,…
Whore stigma’ as a transformative experience
While the scholarship on sex work is substantial, it neglects to explore whether sex work and associated stigma affect sex workers' cognitive expectations. Drawing on observations of street-based sex work as well as in-depth interviews with Jewish-Israeli sex workers, this study suggests that because stigma is a moral experience that threatens and often destroys what really matters to stigmatised individuals, it leads to recurrent disappointments…
Watch Over Us Sweet Angels”
This article considers how parents constructed social identities for babies who died before, at, or shortly after birth between 1992 and 2008 at Overbrook Hospital, a large academic medical center in the northeastern United States. We find that parents constructed their own and their children’s social identities through deeply embodied shared senses of physicality, through processes of naming, and with a deep awareness of what they imagined would…
Narrating Genocide
More than 20 years have passed since the Rwandan genocide, yet we know little about how Rwandans remember the violence. This article draws upon more than 100 interviews with genocide survivors to assess collective memories of the atrocity. We find that survivors organize their narratives by conceptualizing the genocide as a watershed event that divides time into two distinct eras. When discussing the pregenocide period, survivors focus on macrole…
Perpetuating Stereotypes
This paper examines award-winning Jewish children's literature as a medium to explore how religiosity gets constructed differently for men and women. We analyze three decades of winners of the Sydney Taylor Jewish Book Award, a prestigious annual award given by the Association of Jewish Libraries to an outstanding Jewish children's book. We demonstrate how these award-winning books produce and perpetuate gendered religious stereotypes that associ…
God Must Have Been Sleeping
In 1994, 1 million Rwandans were violently killed in only 100 days. Devastating for some Rwandan survivors was the significant role that some Catholic parishes and leaders took in ignoring, facilitating, and even perpetuating the genocide. This article seeks to understand how Rwandan genocide survivors draw on religion as they negotiate their postgenocide identities in the United States and comprehend their current faiths, beliefs, and practices.…
Forgetting and remembering epilepsy
How do people with epilepsy relate to the long and troubling history of this disease? Drawing on two sets of interviews with people with epilepsy, one cohort from the mid-1970s and one from 2005 to 2006, this article examines how memories of what epilepsy has been shape the individual and collective identities of people living with epilepsy. We find striking similarities in how people in both interview cohorts talk about what epilepsy was in 'the…
To Save Heaven and Earth
To Save Heaven and Earth: Rescue in the Rwandan Genocide uses actor-network theory to illuminate the complex dynamics that occur when people intervene to save others during episodes of mass violenc
Political invisibility and mobilization
Narrating Genocide
More than 20 years have passed since the Rwandan genocide, yet we know little about how Rwandans remember the violence. This article draws upon more than 100 interviews with genocide survivors to assess collective memories of the atrocity. We find that survivors organize their narratives by conceptualizing the genocide as a watershed event that divides time into two distinct eras. When discussing the pregenocide period, survivors focus on macrole…
Contesting Commemorative Landscapes
Following the racially motivated shootings at an African American church in Charleston, South Carolina, in 2015, a wave of contentious campaigns around Confederate statuary emerged, or at least intensified, in communities across the country. Yet local struggles have culminated in vastly different alterations to the built environment. This paper develops a framework for differentiating distinct 'modes of recontextualization' rooted in the relocati…
Forgetting and remembering epilepsy
How do people with epilepsy relate to the long and troubling history of this disease? Drawing on two sets of interviews with people with epilepsy, one cohort from the mid-1970s and one from 2005 to 2006, this article examines how memories of what epilepsy has been shape the individual and collective identities of people living with epilepsy. We find striking similarities in how people in both interview cohorts talk about what epilepsy was in 'the…
God Must Have Been Sleeping
In 1994, 1 million Rwandans were violently killed in only 100 days. Devastating for some Rwandan survivors was the significant role that some Catholic parishes and leaders took in ignoring, facilitating, and even perpetuating the genocide. This article seeks to understand how Rwandan genocide survivors draw on religion as they negotiate their postgenocide identities in the United States and comprehend their current faiths, beliefs, and practices.…
In the Aftermath
During the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, some individuals risked their lives to save others. While much research has analyzed why people rescue during genocide, no studies have systematically analyzed the post-conflict consequences of engaging in such actions. This article begins to fill this gap by treating rescue as a case of behavioural boundary crossing, or individual defection from the expectations of a behavioral script. We rely upon 45 in-depth…
Following Heavenly Orders
This case study of heroic deviance focuses onHutu who did not participate in the genocidal violence in 1994 Rwanda and instead risked their lives to rescue Tutsi. Drawing from 45 in-depth interviews, we examine how these deviant heroes invoke religion to narrate their actions. We find that interviewees often neutralize their acts of rescue by attributing responsibility to God. We also theorize why those who engaged in rescue may use religion to n…
Political Invisibility
This article draws upon interviews with 50 Rwandan mothers who risked their lives to save others during the 1994 genocide. We position our study within a growing body of research examining women's engagement in resistance movements, and we theorize rescue efforts by mothers during genocide as a case of political invisibility. Specifically, our findings show how mothers were able to capitalize on their political invisibility in strategic ways that…
God Must Have Been Sleeping
In 1994, 1 million Rwandans were violently killed in only 100 days. Devastating for some Rwandan survivors was the significant role that some Catholic parishes and leaders took in ignoring, facilitating, and even perpetuating the genocide. This article seeks to understand how Rwandan genocide survivors draw on religion as they negotiate their postgenocide identities in the United States and comprehend their current faiths, beliefs, and practices.…
Forgetting and remembering epilepsy
How do people with epilepsy relate to the long and troubling history of this disease? Drawing on two sets of interviews with people with epilepsy, one cohort from the mid-1970s and one from 2005 to 2006, this article examines how memories of what epilepsy has been shape the individual and collective identities of people living with epilepsy. We find striking similarities in how people in both interview cohorts talk about what epilepsy was in 'the…
Perpetuating Stereotypes
This paper examines award-winning Jewish children's literature as a medium to explore how religiosity gets constructed differently for men and women. We analyze three decades of winners of the Sydney Taylor Jewish Book Award, a prestigious annual award given by the Association of Jewish Libraries to an outstanding Jewish children's book. We demonstrate how these award-winning books produce and perpetuate gendered religious stereotypes that associ…
Watch Over Us Sweet Angels”
This article considers how parents constructed social identities for babies who died before, at, or shortly after birth between 1992 and 2008 at Overbrook Hospital, a large academic medical center in the northeastern United States. We find that parents constructed their own and their children’s social identities through deeply embodied shared senses of physicality, through processes of naming, and with a deep awareness of what they imagined would…
Narrating Genocide
More than 20 years have passed since the Rwandan genocide, yet we know little about how Rwandans remember the violence. This article draws upon more than 100 interviews with genocide survivors to assess collective memories of the atrocity. We find that survivors organize their narratives by conceptualizing the genocide as a watershed event that divides time into two distinct eras. When discussing the pregenocide period, survivors focus on macrole…
Whore stigma’ as a transformative experience
While the scholarship on sex work is substantial, it neglects to explore whether sex work and associated stigma affect sex workers' cognitive expectations. Drawing on observations of street-based sex work as well as in-depth interviews with Jewish-Israeli sex workers, this study suggests that because stigma is a moral experience that threatens and often destroys what really matters to stigmatised individuals, it leads to recurrent disappointments…
“I Decided to Save Them”
Collective action scholars have long examined why people choose to participate in social movements. This article argues that this body of scholarship can be productively applied to understanding rescue efforts during genocide, which have typically been associated with altruism and other psychological explanations. We analyze the case of Rwanda, where people worked collectively to save Tutsi from the violence that swept across the country in 1994,…
Memory in Interaction
Societies often institutionally commemorate histories marred by atrocity crimes through the development of permanent memorials in efforts to create a national collective memory. While scholars have documented the gendered silences within collective memories more generally, the processes that variously enforce and/or break such silences are less clear. In analyzing these silences—as well as resistance against them—across three memorials in Rwanda,…
Memorialization and Covid-19
Communities across the world have begun recording COVID-19 narratives for future memorialization efforts and commemorating those who have perished from the virus through online memorials. It is time to pair their efforts with national ones. Here, the author explains how
Sexual Assault Prevalence and Community College Students
Recently, much research has been dedicated to understanding how to prevent and address the aftermath of sexual assault (SA) on traditional 4-year college and university campuses in the United States. However, less scholarly attention has been paid to 2-year institutions, commonly known as community colleges. This review illuminates the different situational contexts faced by community college students, compared with students at 4-year colleges. T…
The Impact of Religious Beliefs, Practices, and Social Networks on Rwandan Rescue Efforts During Genocide
In April 1994, in one of the most Christian nations in Africa, genocidal violence erupted culminating in the deaths of upwards of one million people. While thousands participated in mass killings, others choose not to, and rescued persecuted individuals instead. Relying on 45 in-depth interviews with individuals who rescued others in Rwanda, we demonstrate that religion is tied to rescue efforts in at least three ways: 1) through the creation of …
Transitional Justice in Public and Private
In 1979, during an anti-racism march in the city in Greensboro, North Carolina, KKK and Nazi Party members opened fire on demonstrators, killing five and wounding eight. On the cusp of the 25th anniversary of these killings, efforts by community members culminated in the convening of the first Truth and Reconciliation Commission (GTRC) in the US. Drawing on a unique collection of public testimonies and private interviews with GTRC staff, we use a…
Contesting Commemorative Landscapes
Following the racially motivated shootings at an African American church in Charleston, South Carolina, in 2015, a wave of contentious campaigns around Confederate statuary emerged, or at least intensified, in communities across the country. Yet local struggles have culminated in vastly different alterations to the built environment. This paper develops a framework for differentiating distinct 'modes of recontextualization' rooted in the relocati…
Following Heavenly Orders
This case study of heroic deviance focuses onHutu who did not participate in the genocidal violence in 1994 Rwanda and instead risked their lives to rescue Tutsi. Drawing from 45 in-depth interviews, we examine how these deviant heroes invoke religion to narrate their actions. We find that interviewees often neutralize their acts of rescue by attributing responsibility to God. We also theorize why those who engaged in rescue may use religion to n…
In the Aftermath
During the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, some individuals risked their lives to save others. While much research has analyzed why people rescue during genocide, no studies have systematically analyzed the post-conflict consequences of engaging in such actions. This article begins to fill this gap by treating rescue as a case of behavioural boundary crossing, or individual defection from the expectations of a behavioral script. We rely upon 45 in-depth…
To Save Heaven and Earth
To Save Heaven and Earth: Rescue in the Rwandan Genocide uses actor-network theory to illuminate the complex dynamics that occur when people intervene to save others during episodes of mass violenc
Political invisibility and mobilization
Political Invisibility
This article draws upon interviews with 50 Rwandan mothers who risked their lives to save others during the 1994 genocide. We position our study within a growing body of research examining women's engagement in resistance movements, and we theorize rescue efforts by mothers during genocide as a case of political invisibility. Specifically, our findings show how mothers were able to capitalize on their political invisibility in strategic ways that…
Crime Without Borders
This book introduces students to the challenges related to international crime and punishment and the ways that criminal justice systems have sought to confront them. The dismantling and opening up of borders by technology, transportation, international trade, and the global flow of labor and capital have allowed those engaging in criminal behavior to work across borders in ways that challenge the traditional nation-state and its criminal justice…
Post-Genocide Research in Rwanda
The Third Shift
Following the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, women took on greater responsibilities as heads of households, lobbied for women’s rights, and entered political positions at unprecedented rates. This article analyses the mass nationwide movement of women into roles as gacaca court judges following the genocide, through interviews with 55 women judges. Specifically, we emphasize both the highs and lows of this experience as compared to their male counterpa…
Lessons from the Field
Conducting research in post-atrocity settings contributes to broader societal efforts to address the legacies of genocide, promote justice, and educate the public in ways that foster a more inclusive future for affected societies. At the same time, such fieldwork requires a heightened level of care for research participants, researchers, and their team. By highlighting the complex dynamics of international research in communities recovering from …
To Pertenecer or to Belong
Context: Scholars position mentorship as deeply entangled with Latine students’ sense of belonging in higher education. Literature shows that students’ perceptions of belonging are strong indicators of degree completion and of students’ sense of preparation for postgraduate careers. Scholars stress the importance of mentors in navigating challenges unique to the Latine doctoral experience, including a lack of adequate Latine representation, exper…
Advancing Racial Justice in Criminal Justice Education
Political science (16 obras) · Sociology (16 obras) · Law (14 obras) · Psychology (12 obras) · Criminology (10 obras) · Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts (10 obras) · Genocide (9 obras) · Social Psychology (8 obras) · Computer Science (7 obras) · Gender Studies (6 obras)