Richard J Smith
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3605238 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Richard J Smith |
| NOMBRES | Richard J |
| APELLIDO | Smith |
| FIRMA | SMITH R J |
| AFILIACIONES | Washington University in St. Louis |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6340-0656 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 137 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 1233 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 135 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1962 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 19 |
After the storm
Due to climate change, severe and intense precipitation events have increased and continue to disproportionately affect population groups living in areas where infrastructure is inadequate to address frequent heavy flooding and where people lack resources needed to address repeated damage. This paper presents the results of a process evaluation of a post-disaster collaboration between the US Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and a school…
Magic Matters
In this essay, the author seeks to highlight some of the many ways that Nathan Sivin’s academic work and personal advice have helped to shape his current book project, titled Magic Matters: Science and Medicine in Chinese Popular Culture, 1800 to 1850 ). Smith’s essay discusses the conceptual framework of Magic Matters , focusing on the ways that Chinese commoners perceived, represented, and understood the natural world, in all of its variety and…
On the scientific credibility of paleoanthropology
Smith and Wood reply to Villmoare and Kimbel regarding the scientific credibility of problems in paleoanthropology that require causal explanations for unique historical events
Perspectives and Propositions on Resilience as Interdisciplinary, Multilevel, and Interdependent
The concept of resilience is surging in popularity, but relevant discussions are often disconnected from one field to another. To prompt integration of disparate conversations on resilience, we examine the concept’s origins etymologically, genealogically, and by analyzing the interdependencies of drinking water and public health systems in six academic disciplines and practice-oriented fields. These disciplines are engineering, social work, urban…
Fire-human-climate interactions in the Bolivian Amazon rainforest ecotone from the Last Glacial Maximum to late Holocene
The Amazon Rainforest Ecotone (the ARF- Ecotone ) of the southwestern Amazon Basin is a transitional landscape from tropical evergreen rainforests and seasonally flooded savannahs to savannah woodlands and semi-deciduous dry forests. While fire activity plays an integral role in ARF- Ecotones , recent interactions between human activity and increased temperatures and prolonged droughts driven by anthropogenic climate change threaten to accelerate…
Anti-racist research practice partnerships as critical education
This paper reflects upon "Justice Now Coalition" (JNC), an anti-racist research practice partnership (RPP). The Coalition drew from the Black Emancipatory Action Research (BEAR) Framework as well as Black feminist, Afro-futurist, and critical race epistemologies to answer two research questions: 1) How can an urban education RPP that includes academic, community, and youth partners engage in a collaborative inquiry process that helps to dismantle…
Why China Cannot Decarbonise
y book China's Engine of Environmental Collapse (Smith 2020a) opens with a question: given that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) runs one of the world's most ferocious police states, why can't its leaders compel their subordinate officials to suppress pollution, including carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions, even from the state's own industries?Indeed, as recent studies have highlighted, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from individual state-owned en…
Cosmology, Ontology, and Human Efficacy
Relating pollen representation to an evolving Amazonian landscape between the last glacial maximum and Late Holocene
In contrast to temperate regions, relationships between basin characteristics (e.g., type/size) and fossil pollen archives have received little attention in Amazonia. Here, we compare fossil pollen records of a small palm swamp (Cuatro Vientos; CV) and a nearby large lake (Laguna Chaplin, LCH) in Bolivian Amazonia, demonstrating that palm swamps can yield Quaternary pollen archives recording the history of terrestrial vegetation beyond the basin …
The Persistence of Residential Segregation by Race, 1940 to 2010
Has public policy shaped the persistence of residential segregation by race over time? Social Structures of Accumulation (SSA) theory, which explains major shifts in policy paradigms as a response to an economic crisis informs our analysis. We compare federal housing policy across two SSAs: the Keynesian period (1940–1970) characterized by welfare state expansion and the neoliberal period (1970–2010) marked by its contraction. Using the isolation…
Fortune-tellers and Philosophers
Providing an analysis of Chinese divination as a means of organizing and interpreting reality, Richard Smith examines a wide variety of mantic techniques - from the use of the hallowed Yjing to such popular practices as siting (geomancy), astrology, numerology, physiognomy, the analysis of written characters, meteorological divination, the use of mediums (including spirit-writing), and dream interpretation. As he explains the pervasiveness and te…
How Many Immigrant-Friendly Communities Are in the United States? Classifying the Policy Stream
Dramatic federal immigration policy proposals and executive actions appear to be a reaction to state and local governments that have taken leadership in responding to immigration. Some local governments have endorsed welcoming immigrants to stabilize high-poverty urban neighborhoods and to enhance regional economic development. Others embrace immigrant incorporation consistent with the social work grand challenge to achieve equal opportunity and …
The storming of Washington, DC
On January 6, 2021, supporters of then-President Donald Trump attended a “Stop the Steal” rally hosted by the former President and his allies. They proceeded to march to the U.S. Capitol, with some
No neighborhood left behind
We write this editorial as the world begins to reopen with the administration of 3.63 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines in more than 214 countries and territories around the globe. At the time of
The struggle for justice in communities continues
Did Immigrant Incorporation Overcome Structural Discrimination in Federal Place-based Antipoverty Implementation
Most antipoverty programs target people. In the 1990s, the Federal government launched place-based initiatives to direct resources to places with high poverty to address decades of structural discrimination and segregation. Immigrant incorporation theory suggests that local receptivity varies depending on if places are homogenous, bifurcated (i.e., two racialized or ethnic populations), or multiethnic. Multivariate analysis of annual reports (n =…
P > .05
Statistically nonsignificant ( p > .05) results from a null hypothesis significance test (NHST) are often mistakenly interpreted as evidence that the null hypothesis is true—that there is “no effect” or “no difference.” However, many of these results occur because the study had low statistical power to detect an effect. Power below 50% is common, in which case a result of no statistical significance is more likely to be incorrect than correct. Th…
Community practice, social action, and the politics of pandemics
Joining millions across the globe, we write this editorial for the Journal of Community Practice while adhering to stay at home orders. Although frequently invoked during times of public safety con
More than just remembering the 100th anniversary of (White) women’s suffrage
The Journal of Community Practice is pleased to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution. On August 18th, 1920, the US Congress ratified an amendment
Who was Abraham Lincoln anyway? Mother–child reminiscing across levels of abstraction
Researchers studying parent-child reminiscing in the preschool years have often focused on parents' and children's elaborative talk (i.e., provision of unique details). The current study proposes a novel conceptualization of parent-child reminiscing narratives by examining 4 levels of abstraction (i.e., a continuum of literal to inferential language) and utterance function (i.e., wh-questions, yes/no questions, statements) given the relevance of …
Living with observational data in biological anthropology
The establishment of cause and effect relationships is a fundamental objective of scientific research. Many lines of evidence can be used to make cause–effect inferences. When statistical data are involved, alternative explanations for the statistical relationship need to be ruled out. These include chance (apparent patterns due to random factors), confounding effects (a relationship between two variables because they are each associated with an …
Transforming our world
At the end of 2015, the United Nations released Transforming the World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development supporting a set of 17 goals aimed at eradicating what was identified as arguably
Testing the Importance of Geographic Distance for Social Capital Resources
This study tests the importance of spatial distance from social capital resources for the number of resources accessed. We examine the relationship between the distance to work, religious congregations, and organizations on the level of social capital. Theory posits that increased time spent commuting decreases social capital; we posit that increased distance traveled to sites of social capital generation limits neighborhood social capital but in…
Community practice with immigrant and refugee populations
Mapping China and Managing the World
From the founding of the Qin dynasty in 221 BCE to the present, the Chinese have been preoccupied with the notion of ordering their world. Efforts to create and maintain order are expressed not only in China's bureaucratic institutions and methods of social and economic organization but also in Chinese philosophy, religious and secular ritual, and comprehensive systems of classifying all natural and supernatural phenomena. Mapping China and Manag…
Body mass in comparative primatology
Biology and Body Size in Human Evolution
Use and misuse of the reduced major axis for line‐fitting
Many investigators use the reduced major axis (RMA) instead of ordinary least squares (OLS) to define a line of best fit for a bivariate relationship when the variable represented on the X ‐axis is measured with error. OLS frequently is described as requiring the assumption that X is measured without error while RMA incorporates an assumption that there is error in X . Although an RMA fit actually involves a very specific pattern of error varianc…
Statistics of sexual size dimorphism
Scaling of Sexual Dimorphism in Body Mass
The mandibular corpus of female primates
Measurements were taken on skulls of 253 adult female anthropoid primates from 32 species, in order to determine patterns and possible causes for variation among species in the cross‐sectional size and shape of the mandibular corpus under M 1 . When all 32 species are considered as a group, there is a tendency for corpus shape to become more robust with increasing body size. However, this does not hold for colobines or cercopithecines evaluated s…
Logarithmic transformation bias in allometry
It has been known for some time (DJ Finney, J. Roy. Stat. Soc. Suppl. 7:155–161, 1941) that transformation of an arithmetic data set to logarithms results in biased estimates when predicted values from a leastsquares regression are detransformed back to arithmetic units. Predicted values are estimates of the geometric mean of the dependent variable at that value of the independent variable, rather than the arithmetic mean. Since the geometric mea…
Regression models for prediction equations
On the definition of variables in studies of primate dental allometry
Cranial and dental measurements are taken on 253 adult female primates from 32 species. Regression equations are calculated to determine allometric relationships between anterior tooth size, posterior tooth size, and body size. When cranial length or skull length is used as the measure of general size, the results of the equations differ from when body weight is the reference dimension. Similarly, using different definitions of posterior tooth si…
Oceanic Tooth-Size Variation as a Reflection of Biological and Cultural Mixing [and Comments and Reply]
Tooth size in Oceania varies from a minimum equivalent to the figure for the pre-Chinese inhabitants of Taiwan to a maximum equivalent to the figure for large-toothed Australian Aborigines. The minimum figure is found among the easternmost and weternmost inhabitants, and the maximum figure occurs in the highlands of New Guinea. Elsewhere, intermediate figures are evident, and it is apparent that the populations in which they can be observed displ…
Mandibular biomechanics and temporomandibular joint function in primates
There is disagreement as to whether the mandibular condyles are stress‐bearing or stress‐free during mastication. In support of alternative models, analogies have been drawn with Class III levers, links, and couple systems. Physiological data are reviewed which indicate that maximum masticatory forces are generated when maxillary and mandibular teeth are in contact, and that this phase lasts for over 100 msec during many chewing strokes. During t…
Sexual dimorphism in primate neonatal body mass
Degrees of freedom in interspecific allometry
The data used in studies of bivariate interspecific allometry usually violate the assumption of statistical independence. Although the traits of each species are commonly treated as independent, the expression of a trait among species within a genus may covary because of shared common ancestry. The same effect exists for genera within a family and so on up the phylogenetic hierarchy. Determining sample size by counting data points overestimates t…
Interspecific scaling of maxillary canine size and shape in female primates
Ontogeny of australopithecines and early Homo
Out of Amazonia
The late-Holocene expansion of the Tupi-Guarani languages from southern Amazonia to SE South America constitutes one of the largest expansions of any linguistic family in the world, spanning ~4000 km between latitudes 0°S and 35°S at about 2.5k cal. yr BP. However, the underlying reasons for this expansion are a matter of debate. Here, we compare continental-scale palaeoecological, palaeoclimate and archaeological datasets, to examine the role of…
Bias in equations used to estimate fossil primate body mass
Ecosocial work and social change in community practice
This special issue entitled, “Ecosocial Work and Social Change in Community Practice,” focuses on an array of contexts, policies, practices, and challenges as well as successes related to an emerging vision for ecosocial work. Ecosocial work is social work, with all its depth and breadth, but it approaches the analysis of social problems, issues, and concerns with an ecosocial paradigm or lens, rather than an anthropocentric lens (Matthies & Narh…
Categories of allometry
Relative Size versus Controlling for Size
The corpus callosum is the main tract of fibers providing communication between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. The question of a sex difference between human males and females in the size of the corpus callosum relative to the size of the brain has been actively debated for almost 20 years. One group of investigators notes that when a ratio is calculated with corpus callosum size in the numerator and brain size in the denominator, the v…
The continuing misuse of null hypothesis significance testing in biological anthropology
There is over 60 years of discussion in the statistical literature concerning the misuse and limitations of null hypothesis significance tests (NHST). Based on the prevalence of NHST in biological anthropology research, it appears that the discipline generally is unaware of these concerns. The p values used in NHST usually are interpreted incorrectly. A p value indicates the probability of the data given the null hypothesis. It should not be inte…
Estimation of Body Mass in Paleontology
Dental Caries in the Aubesier 5 Neandertal Primary Molar
The Macroevolution of our Ancient Lineage
Community practice, social action, and the politics of pandemics
Joining millions across the globe, we write this editorial for the Journal of Community Practice while adhering to stay at home orders. Although frequently invoked during times of public safety con
Marketing in Europe
The Effect of Reading for a Creative Purpose on Student Attitudes Toward a Short Story
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The Effects of Prereading Assistance on the Comprehension and Attitudes of Good and Poor Readers
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The Effects of Integrating Reading and Writing on Four Variables
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Foreign-Training and China's Self-Strengthening
One of the principal concerns of China's 'self-strengthening movement' in the T'ung-chih period (1862-1874) was the question of military reform. Organizational change was not a central issue, for the Ch'ing dynasty had already found in the innovative armies known asyung-ying(lit., 'brave battalions') a comparatively effective military system compatible with existing economic and administrative institutions. But changes in training methods-especia…
Variation in dental occlusion and arches among melanesians of bougainville island, papua New Guinea. I. Methods, age changes, sex differences and population comparisons
Population studies of malocclusion lack comparability because of the subjective criteria employed in the definition of malocclusion. Alternatively, individual characteristics of occlusion can be quantified and compared within and between populations. Measurements were taken from the dental cases of 319 male an 359 female Melanesians from Bougainville, Papua New Guinea. The cross‐sectional age changes from 12 to 68 years of age included an increas…
Variation in dental occlusion and arches among melanesians of Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea. II. Clinal variation, geographic microdifferentiation and synthesis
Patterns of geographic microdifferentiation for dental occlusion and the size and shape of the dental arches are described for 14 villages on Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea. Occlusal variables, such as overjet, overbite, molar relationships, crowding or spacing, and malalignment vary less among villages than do arch length and width. Arch length and width decrease in size from north to south. The pattern of biological distance among villag…
Mandibular biomechanics and temporomandibular joint function in primates
There is disagreement as to whether the mandibular condyles are stress‐bearing or stress‐free during mastication. In support of alternative models, analogies have been drawn with Class III levers, links, and couple systems. Physiological data are reviewed which indicate that maximum masticatory forces are generated when maxillary and mandibular teeth are in contact, and that this phase lasts for over 100 msec during many chewing strokes. During t…
Mercenaries and Mandarins
Rethinking allometry
The military challenge
By the early 1870s, the Ch'ing forces undoubtedly had acquired the capacity to suppress rebellion in most areas of China proper. However, it remained questionable as to whether they could stand up to foreign invaders on the coast or even deal with rebels in the difficult terrain of the North-West or Central Asia. Before imperial China's forces could get to Sinkiang, they had first to overcome the Chinese Muslims in Shensi and Kansu. The Sino-Fren…
Chinese Walled Cities
On the definition of variables in studies of primate dental allometry
Cranial and dental measurements are taken on 253 adult female primates from 32 species. Regression equations are calculated to determine allometric relationships between anterior tooth size, posterior tooth size, and body size. When cranial length or skull length is used as the measure of general size, the results of the equations differ from when body weight is the reference dimension. Similarly, using different definitions of posterior tooth si…
Oceanic Tooth-Size Variation as a Reflection of Biological and Cultural Mixing [and Comments and Reply]
Tooth size in Oceania varies from a minimum equivalent to the figure for the pre-Chinese inhabitants of Taiwan to a maximum equivalent to the figure for large-toothed Australian Aborigines. The minimum figure is found among the easternmost and weternmost inhabitants, and the maximum figure occurs in the highlands of New Guinea. Elsewhere, intermediate figures are evident, and it is apparent that the populations in which they can be observed displ…
Interspecific scaling of maxillary canine size and shape in female primates
Chinese Walled Cities
Jung-pang Lo (1912-1981)
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The mandibular corpus of female primates
Measurements were taken on skulls of 253 adult female anthropoid primates from 32 species, in order to determine patterns and possible causes for variation among species in the cross‐sectional size and shape of the mandibular corpus under M 1 . When all 32 species are considered as a group, there is a tendency for corpus shape to become more robust with increasing body size. However, this does not hold for colobines or cercopithecines evaluated s…
On Tooth Size and Oceanic Prehistory
Western Reports on the Taiping
Auto seat belts
Auto seat belts: good prenatal, postpartum, and infant care. N B Attico, R J Smith, 3rd, M B FitzPatrick, M Keneally, and M A FriedmanCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.75.8.892-c Published Online: November 15, 2011
China's Cultural Heritage
The ch'ing dynasty was a crucial bridge between traditional and modern china and a period remarkable for its expansiveness, cultural sophistication, and stability. The political, social and economic institutions, the material cultures, and the customs are examined. A section on art (aesthetics, crafts, paintings and calligraphy) is included
An Exogeneity Test for a Simultaneous Equation Tobit Model with an Application to Labor Supply
A test of weak exogeneity in the simultaneous equation Tobit model is proposed and illustrated using a female labour supply model estimated using cross-section data. The test statistic can be simply output from any standard Tobit maximum likelihood package, and is asymptotically efficient. The procedure provides consistent estimators for the simultaneous Tobit model whose asymptotic covariance matrix is a simple extension of the usual Tobit formu…
A Study Guide for Extending Students’ Reading of Social Studies Material
A Note on Qing Dynasty Calendars
Yol. 9, No. 1 Late Imperial ChinaJune 1988 A NOTE ON QING DYNASTY CALENDARS Richard J. Smith In the course of doing research for a book on divination in late imperial China, I have come across a number of official state calendars from the Ming and Qing dynasties. Although the importance of such works is often asserted by Chinese historians, relatively few scholars have ever seen one, and fewer still have written about them. In this brief note, I …
Sociology (54 obras) · Political science (50 obras) · History (36 obras) · Geography (34 obras) · Law (34 obras) · Computer Science (33 obras) · Biology (32 obras) · Economics (28 obras) · Archaeology (27 obras) · Mathematics (27 obras)