Ralph Bolton
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3616807 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Ralph Bolton |
| NOMBRES | Ralph |
| APELLIDO | Bolton |
| FIRMA | BOLTON R |
| AFILIACIONES | Pomona College |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 58 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 347 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 57 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1973 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Applied Anthropology
Divorcing’ an NGO
Little research has been done on the relationships between Andean communities and NGOs. This article presents a case study of a long-term relationship between an NGO and an Andean community. The collaboration of many years yielded an array of successful projects in economic development, health, and education. Despite these successes, the community eventually decided to withdraw from the network of communities and associations that work with this …
“Aids and the Social Imaginary” Thirty Years Later
Expanding Educational Opportunities for Rural Youth in Peru
Stephen O. Murray
Cheese in Chijnaya
Individual entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship may be more common both in daily life and in the research literature, but community- based entrepreneurship also plays an important role in economic development. We present a case study of community entrepreneurship in a rural area of the Andes, where the community of Chijnaya operates a successful cheese production business. Buying milk from its farmer members in the community, the business…
Retiring Your Library (Part Two)
Retiring Your Library (Part One)
Tricks, Friends, and Lovers
Whether or not an ethnographer engages in sex in the field is first and foremost a purely personal matter, but the traditional taboo on such behavior strikes at the very core of the discipline. Consequently, the taboo itself merits serious critical consideration. Its existence raises significant and unsettling questions about how anthropologists conceptualize the people they study and how their own views on sexuality are shaped by unexamined cult…
Beyond the Sexual Monad
Successful HIV prevention depends on delivering messages appropriate for specific, targeted audiences. In this article we document the existence of three naturally-occurring clusters of Flemish gay men based on their patterns of participation in eight forms of sexual behavior. MANOVA and discriminant analysis indicate that the clusters differ significantly in the assessment of both the pleasures and dangers of unprotected penetrative sexual pract…
The Social Support of Flemish Gay Men
This study describes the sources and level of social support of Flemish gay men using data from surveys conducted in 1989 (n = 379) and 1993 (n = 553). Five indicators of social support were used: positive appraisal, perceived isolation, enacted social support, perceived material support, and perceived emotional support. The main results, which are cross validated across the two samples, are as follows. Most men score high on all five indicators …
Social Support, Depression, and Self-Acceptance Among Gay Men
This study analyzes how low social support of gay men when coming out affects the reported levels of depression and self-acceptance in a non-clinical sample of Flemish (Belgium) gay men. The model used is nonrecursive. It incorporates the mutual causation between depression and self-acceptance. The manipulation of social support is considered as part of the general process of social control. After delineating the methodological problems associate…
Sex, Science, and Social Responsibility
Efforts to contain the global AIDS pandemic have dramatically and urgently increased the need for fundamental information on human sexuality in all cultures. Unfortunately, this crisis has also revealed the deplorable poverty of the cross-cultural research record in this domain. The author focuses on the scientific contributions made by comparativists to our understanding ofboth same-sex eroticism and sexual intolerance and argues that social and…
Gay Baths Revisited
Research Article| June 01 1994 Gay Baths Revisited: An Empirical Analysis Ralph Bolton; Ralph Bolton Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google John Vincke; John Vincke Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Rudolf Mak Rudolf Mak Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google GLQ (1994) 1 (3): 255–273. https://doi.org/10.1215/10642684-1-3-255 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Searc…
Patterns of sexual risk-taking among heterosexual men
Heterosexual male STD (sexually transmitted disease) clinic patients (N=146) were classified by cluster analysis into four groups based on their self-reported frequency of participation in eleven sexual behaviors that varied in risk for contracting an STD or HIV. Significant differences among the four groups were found in their participation in some sexual practices that were not used in the clustering, and men in the four groups differed signifi…
Coming out and Aids-related high-risk sexual behavior
Factors Affecting Aids-related Sexual Behavior Change among Flemish Gay Men
Most studies to date that have attempted to explain the absence of a relationship between AIDS knowledge and behavioral change have used social psychological variables from diverse theoretical frameworks. The study reported in this article builds further on that research by simultaneously considering aspects of the health belief model, the fear reduction model, and the social support model. It is argued that the variables in these models not only…
Introduction. Rethinking HIV prevention
(1992). Introduction. Rethinking HIV prevention: Critical assessments of the content and delivery of AIDS risk‐reduction messages. Medical Anthropology: Vol. 14, Rethinking AIDS Prevention: Cultural Approaches, pp. 139-143
Aids in the Barrio
Coca Chewing and Diet
Alcohol and risky sex
Since the publication of the 1986 article by Stall, McKusick, Wiley, Coates and Ostrow, the conclusion that drinking alcohol prior to or during erotic encounters increases the probability of engaging in high-risk sexual behavior has been widely accepted, despite some contradictory findings from research on this hypothesis. This paper presents the results of tests of the alcohol/risky-sex hypothesis in a cohort of gay men in Flanders, Belgium. Fai…
Aids and promiscuity
AIDS has been blamed on promiscuity and the promiscuous, and a major goal of many HIV-prevention programs has been to induce people to reduce the number of their sexual partners. Despite the salience of this concept in the AIDS discourse of scientists, policymakers, the media, religious leaders, and the gay community, critical analysis of the role of promiscuity in this epidemic has been lacking. Following a review of promiscuity in various genre…
Anthropological Perspectives on Sexuality and HIV Prevention
Aids literature for anthropologists
Man Oh Man—Growing Up Male in America. 1987. Produced and directed by J. Clements
Red Ochre and Human Evolution
This paper evaluates red ochre phenomena as a fossil indicator for developments of human capacities and red color choice in cultures. The archaeological record reveals that, from Early Palaeolithic to historical times, the collectors and users of red ochre have always been a distinctive minority (probable exceptions being the Magdalenian and Paleo-Indian peoples). Nevertheless, red ochre practices have persisted till the present, and the patterns…
Aggression and Hypoglycemia among the Qolla
Aids and promiscuity
AIDS has been blamed on promiscuity and the promiscuous, and a major goal of many HIV-prevention programs has been to induce people to reduce the number of their sexual partners. Despite the salience of this concept in the AIDS discourse of scientists, policymakers, the media, religious leaders, and the gay community, critical analysis of the role of promiscuity in this epidemic has been lacking. Following a review of promiscuity in various genre…
Social Support, Depression, and Self-Acceptance Among Gay Men
This study analyzes how low social support of gay men when coming out affects the reported levels of depression and self-acceptance in a non-clinical sample of Flemish (Belgium) gay men. The model used is nonrecursive. It incorporates the mutual causation between depression and self-acceptance. The manipulation of social support is considered as part of the general process of social control. After delineating the methodological problems associate…
Time Allocation in Four Societies
Certain classes of activity are regularly undertaken in all sociocultural systems. Work, preparation of meals, eating, care of children, hygienic activity, and periods of idleness are elements in the daily routine of human beings everywhere. Where there is cross-cultural uniformity in the time devoted to these activities, we can look to the possible operation of universal biopsychological attributes and broadly similar social prerequisites and en…
Alcohol and risky sex
Since the publication of the 1986 article by Stall, McKusick, Wiley, Coates and Ostrow, the conclusion that drinking alcohol prior to or during erotic encounters increases the probability of engaging in high-risk sexual behavior has been widely accepted, despite some contradictory findings from research on this hypothesis. This paper presents the results of tests of the alcohol/risky-sex hypothesis in a cohort of gay men in Flanders, Belgium. Fai…
Susto, Hostility, and Hypoglycemia
Approches physiologique et psychologique d'une maladie populaire commune en Amerique Latine, inclassable selon la medecine moderne, et appelee susto. Ses principaux symptomes sont l'insomnie, l'inattention, la perte d'appetit, l'apathie, la fatigue, la depression et l'associabilite. Etude des relations susto-hypoglycemie, susto-comportement hostile
Coming out and Aids-related high-risk sexual behavior
Introduction
1989). Introduction: The AIDS pandemic, a global emergency. Medical Anthropology: Vol. 10, The AIDS Pandemic: A Gloabal Emergency, pp. 93-104
Guinea Pigs, Protein, and Ritual
Increasingly, anthropologists have become aware of the importance of understanding relationships between nutrition and diet, on the one hand, and human behavior and culture, on the other. A classic monograph on this topic is Holmberg's (I950) analysis of the effects of food deprivation on the cultural and psychological development of the Siriono Indians of Bolivia. His theoretical conclusions, based on the observation of a single case, have not b…
Pastoralism and Personality
Andean Coca Chewing
Gay Baths Revisited
Research Article| June 01 1994 Gay Baths Revisited: An Empirical Analysis Ralph Bolton; Ralph Bolton Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google John Vincke; John Vincke Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Rudolf Mak Rudolf Mak Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google GLQ (1994) 1 (3): 255–273. https://doi.org/10.1215/10642684-1-3-255 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Searc…
The Hypoglycemia-Aggression Hypothesis
In a critical evaluation of work by Ralph Bolton on the relationship between hypoglycemia and aggression among the Qolla of Peru, Ted Lewellen has argued that the Qolla are not highly aggressive, that they have been the victims of pseudoscientific stereotyping and prejudice, that they are not especially prone to problems in glucose homeostasis, and that whatever aggression they display can be explained in large part by their consumption of alcoho…
Machismo in Motion
On Coca Chewing and High-Altitude Stress
The Cult of the Serpent in the Americas
The origins of ophiolatry in the Western Hemisphere are obscure. It may be part of an extremely ancient, worldwide pattern of veneration of cult animals; it may have arisen independently among the Northeast Asian immigrants to the New World only after they had crossed the Bering-Chukchi land bridge between at least 15,000 and 25,000 to 45,000 years ago; or it may have been affected, if not imported, by serpent- (or dragon-) venerating societies o…
The Ecology of East African Homicide
Recent investigations suggest that high levels of environmental stress increase individual susceptibility to hypoglycemia, which, in turn, raises the level of aggression in a society. In this paper we examine various eco logical factors which might be functioning as stressors in the environment of thirty-four East African tribes. Using homicide rates as our indicator of aggressiveness, we test a set of hypotheses dealing with the relationships be…
Coca Chewing and High-Altitude Stress
Because the main present-day centres of coca chewing are in the high altiplano regions of Peru and Bolivia, it has been widely assumed that the habit evolved primarily as a response to the stresses of life at high altitudes. When archaeological, ethnohistorical, and botanical sources of evidence are considered, a different emphasis emerges. Before the European conquest, coca was chewed everywhere from Nicaragua to Chile and at all altitudes. This…
Schneider's Symbolic Culture Theory
Two traditions have been vying for supremacy in the area of cultural analysis. The first sees culture as encompassing the totality of socially learned human phenomena; the second restricts the term to shared mental-primarily cognitive-properties. David Schneider has achieved a dominant positon in the latter school. In this paper I examine critically Schneider's approach to culture, with special attention to the problems raised by his perspective …
Aids literature for anthropologists
The Heights of Illusion
The Social Support of Flemish Gay Men
This study describes the sources and level of social support of Flemish gay men using data from surveys conducted in 1989 (n = 379) and 1993 (n = 553). Five indicators of social support were used: positive appraisal, perceived isolation, enacted social support, perceived material support, and perceived emotional support. The main results, which are cross validated across the two samples, are as follows. Most men score high on all five indicators …
Factors Affecting Aids-related Sexual Behavior Change among Flemish Gay Men
Most studies to date that have attempted to explain the absence of a relationship between AIDS knowledge and behavioral change have used social psychological variables from diverse theoretical frameworks. The study reported in this article builds further on that research by simultaneously considering aspects of the health belief model, the fear reduction model, and the social support model. It is argued that the variables in these models not only…
Coca Chewing and Diet
Explicando la exogamia andina
Los antropólogos han preferido concentrarse en el análisis de las sociedades y sus culturas como unidades sacadas del contexto de sus relaciones externas, ignorando por tanto el valioso cuerpo de datos que podrían aportar importantes contribuciones para la comprensión de cada sociedad, analizando de tal manera que el énfasis sería puesto en la comprensión del contexto total en el que la sociedad opera. Mientras que los primeros métodos antropológ…
The Ecology of East African Homicide
Recent investigations suggest that high levels of environmental stress increase individual susceptibility to hypoglycemia, which, in turn, raises the level of aggression in a society. In this paper we examine various eco logical factors which might be functioning as stressors in the environment of thirty-four East African tribes. Using homicide rates as our indicator of aggressiveness, we test a set of hypotheses dealing with the relationships be…
Aggression and Hypoglycemia among the Qolla
El abusivo y el humilde
Agresividad y hostilidad ha sido la reputación adquirida por los Qollas a través de los años. Los antropólogos y otros estudiosos, tanto extranjeros como peruanos y bolivianos han enfatizado lo relievante de esta dimensión del carácter Qolla; y no hay duda que el conflicto interpersonal está significativamente presente en la vida de la comunidad. Sin embargo quisiéramos aprovechar ésta oportunidad para manifestar que rechazamos y deploramos el ca…
The Migration of Folktales
This paper attempts to draw together some of the evidences of borrowing in folktales from the Old World to the New. It abstracts in four channels, from Europe across the North Atlantic, from Africa across the South Atlantic, from Northeast Asia via the Bering Strait, and from Southeast Asia across the South Pacific. Considering both pre- and post-Columbian borrowing, it calls on both physical and cultural anthropology as witnesses to the route an…
The Heights of Illusion
Hostility in fantasy
In a recent investigation carried out among the Qolla Indians of Peru, Bolton (1973a) tested the hypothesis that hypoglycemia tends to produce high levels of individual aggressiveness. Glycemic condition was determined by the readings on a 4-hour glucose tolerance test performed on a sample of 54 adult males. Key informants then ranked these subjects on overt aggressiveness. A correlational analysis of the data supported the hypothesis that moder…
General, Applied, and Theoretical
The Cult of the Serpent in the Americas
The origins of ophiolatry in the Western Hemisphere are obscure. It may be part of an extremely ancient, worldwide pattern of veneration of cult animals; it may have arisen independently among the Northeast Asian immigrants to the New World only after they had crossed the Bering-Chukchi land bridge between at least 15,000 and 25,000 to 45,000 years ago; or it may have been affected, if not imported, by serpent- (or dragon-) venerating societies o…
Pastoralism and Personality
Andean Coca Chewing
Riddling and responsibility in Highland Peru
On the basis of both a cross-cultural study and research on riddling in American and Tagalog cultures, John M. Roberts and Michael L. Forman (1971) made important contributions to the development of a theory of riddle involvement. They argued that riddles, as expressive models of oral interrogation, are associated with high levels of cultural complexity and with an emphasis on responsibility training. This paper reports the results of a series of…
Black, White, and Red All Over
Child-Holding Patterns
Man in the Andes
Differential aggressiveness and litigiousness
The Qolla Indians have high rates of involvement in agonistic forms of interaction. In previous reports the author suggested that ecological and physiological factors are causally associated with intracommunity differential participation in aggressive behavior. The present article described tests of hypotheses using other variables to explain this behavioral differentiation. The hypothesis that aggressiveness and participation in litigation are a…
Schneider's Symbolic Culture Theory
Two traditions have been vying for supremacy in the area of cultural analysis. The first sees culture as encompassing the totality of socially learned human phenomena; the second restricts the term to shared mental-primarily cognitive-properties. David Schneider has achieved a dominant positon in the latter school. In this paper I examine critically Schneider's approach to culture, with special attention to the problems raised by his perspective …
Color Terms In Folk Tales
The relative salience of color terms in folk tales from forty cultures is examined in this study. The authors test the hypothesis that a significant, positive association exists between the relative salience of color categories in folk tales and the evolutionary sequence proposed by Berlin and Kay (1969) to account for cross-cultural differences in color lexicons. The results support the hypothesis. While minor intercultural variations in basic c…
Guinea Pigs, Protein, and Ritual
Increasingly, anthropologists have become aware of the importance of understanding relationships between nutrition and diet, on the one hand, and human behavior and culture, on the other. A classic monograph on this topic is Holmberg's (I950) analysis of the effects of food deprivation on the cultural and psychological development of the Siriono Indians of Bolivia. His theoretical conclusions, based on the observation of a single case, have not b…
Machismo in Motion
Rote Learning and Semantic Clustering
A one-trial free recall test was administered to 27 children in a Quechua-speaking community in the highlands of Canchis Province, Peru. The responses were used to assess hypotheses that rote memorization processes and semantic clustering are employed by these subjects to recall words. Presentation-recall order correlations, distances on the presentation list of items recalled adjacently, "recall" of items not presented, and a matrix of distances…
On Coca Chewing and High-Altitude Stress
Parentesco y matrimonio en los Andes
Este libro representa el primer esfuerzo que se hace en nuestro país de poner al alcance del público de habla castellana, un tema que es de vital importancia para el conocimiento de la realidad andina y que desafortunadamente ha estado muy descuidado en nuestro medio. Aparte de contar con una larga tradición académica, cultivada principalmente por la antropología, que se manifiesta en el uso de un lenguaje riguroso, el tema del parentesco y el ma…
Red Ochre and Human Evolution
This paper evaluates red ochre phenomena as a fossil indicator for developments of human capacities and red color choice in cultures. The archaeological record reveals that, from Early Palaeolithic to historical times, the collectors and users of red ochre have always been a distinctive minority (probable exceptions being the Magdalenian and Paleo-Indian peoples). Nevertheless, red ochre practices have persisted till the present, and the patterns…
Part five
The hypothesis that high altitude may be positively associated with unusually high sex ratios is critically assessed. On the basis of a detailed analysis of published and unpublished data on secondary sex ratios in Andean communities derived from censuses and genealogical research, it is argued that sex ratios generally in the highlands of Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia are only slightly above worldwide norms. Factors that contribute to a modest elev…
Sociology (33 obras) · Psychology (27 obras) · History (16 obras) · Computer Science (15 obras) · Medicine (15 obras) · Library science (13 obras) · Social Psychology (12 obras) · Citation (11 obras) · Anthropology (10 obras) · History (10 obras)