Philip L Kohl
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3617427 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Philip L Kohl |
| NOMBRES | Philip L |
| APELLIDO | Kohl |
| FIRMA | KOHL P L |
| AFILIACIONES | Wellesley College |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 67 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 700 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 63 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 4 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1975 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2021 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
Kuro-Arak Monuments North-Eastern Azerbaijan
The article is devoted to the results of exploratory archaeological research in 2001-2002. in North-East Azerbaijan, incl. Khachmass-Cuban zone, within the framework of the IPARC project (The International Program for Anthropological Research in the Caucasus; project leader - Professor Wellesley College, USA F.L.Cole). Along with the study of the medieval Gilgilchay defensive system, an international expedition, in which Azerbaijani, Dagestani an…
Sumer and the Indus Valley Civilization Compared
Traditional reconstructions of the Indus Valley civilization have always attempted to explain its enigmatic remains by reference to historically recorded features of ancient Sumer or Egypt. The environmental setting of Sumer, of course, differed from that occupied by the misnamed, spatially extensive "Indus Valley" civilization. The exact function of the Great Bath and associated complex at Mohenjo-daro remains an enigma, and nothing structurally…
Nature and Antiquities
There is a sense in which Eu rope was the prisoner of its shepherds and barbaric origin.The savage state cannot be discovered in its history, and has had to be invented, under the name of the state of nature, by poets, lawgivers and phi los o phers.In America the thing really exists, and the two continents form a vast laboratory in which Eu ro pe an speculative experiments can test their hypotheses regarding the human mind by observing it in a st…
The Bronze Age Civilization of Central Asia
A resource book for teachers of world history at all levels. The text contains individual sections on art, gender, religion, philosophy, literature, trade and technology. Lesson plans, reading and multi-media recommendations and suggestions for classroom activities are also provided
Nature and Antiquities
Philippe Beaujard, Les mondes de l’océan Indien
Early Bronze developments on the West Caspian Coastal Plain
Cet article passe en revue les recherches menées sur le Complexe du Bronze ancien de Velikent et sur les sites liés à la culture de Velikent, établis sur la plaine côtière de la rive ouest de la mer Caspienne, au Daghestan (Russie) et, plus au sud, dans le nord-est de l’Azerbaïdjan. Des prospections ont montré que cette plaine littorale fut occupée de façon dense pour la première fois au milieu du 4e millénaire, par une population qui utilisait d…
The Maikop Singularity
I n 1897 N. I. Veselovskii excavated the very large, nearly 11 meter high Oshad kurgan or barrow in the town of Maikop in the Kuban region near the foothills of the northwestern Caucasus (the present-day capital of the Adygei Republic). The kurgan contained a spectacularly rich burial assemblage, including bronze weapons and cauldrons; scores of figured gold appliqués, which had been sewn on the clothes of the principal male burial; six silver ro…
Origins, Homelands and Migrations
This paper summarizes current understanding of the emergence, nature and subsequent southwestern and southeastern spread of the Early Transcaucasian (ETC) or Kura-Araxes 'culture-historical community' (Russian: obshchnost') and then places this complex cultural phenomenon in the context of the larger Early Bronze Age world of the Ancient Near East and the western Eurasian steppes
Ámbitos sociales compartidos
En este artículo distingo entre perspectivas evolucionistas e históricas sobre el pasado, adoptando el concepto de “ámbitos sociales” para defender una interpretación macrohistórica del registro arqueológico. La unidad de análisis no es una cultura o civilización arqueológica sino los grupos sociales implicados de manera inextricable con otros grupos en interconexiones reticulares en las que las tecnologías son difundidas y modificadas por otros …
Perils of Carts before Horses
Selective Remembrances
When political geography changes, how do reorganized or newly formed states justify their rule and create a sense of shared history for their people? Often, the essays in Selective Remembrances reveal, they turn to archaeology, employing the field and its findings to develop nationalistic feelings and forge legitimate distinctive national identities. Examining such relatively new or reconfigured nation-states as Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Israel, Russia…
Shared Social Fields
In this article, I distinguish between evolutionary and historical perspectives on the past, adopting the concept of "social fields" to argue for a macrohistorical interpretation of the archaeological record. The unit of analysis is not an archaeological culture or civilization but social groups inextricably involved with other groups in weblike interconnections in which technologies are diffused and modified by other groups caught up in these sa…
European archaeology. An inclusive or exclusive discipline
Let me begin with an anecdote: in summer 1985 Karl Lamberg-Karlovsky and I participated in Bronze Age excavations at the site of Sarazm along the middle Zeravshan river in what was then Soviet Tajikistan. I remember one of the Russian artists on the dig complaining ruefully (and patronizingly) about her Tajik colleagues. 'When will they [that is, her Tajik colleagues] ever become like us Russians and Americans, you know, Europeans?' Karl, who is …
The Making of Bronze Age Eurasia
This book provides an overview of Bronze Age societies of Western Eurasia through an investigation of the archaeological record. The Making of Bronze Age Eurasia outlines the long-term processes and patterns of interaction that link these groups together in a shared historical trajectory of development. Interactions took the form of the exchange of raw materials and finished goods, the spread and sharing of technologies, and the movements of peop…
Defensive Long Wall
In the 2002 field season, the Azerbaijani-Daghestani-American archaeological expedition carried out careful visual investigations and mapping of portions of the Ghilghilchay Sasanian fortification wall that was built in the 6th century AD on the Caspian coastal plain. Among the recorded features of the wall were over 300 towerbuttresses spaced regularly along it, five towers with interior depressed cultural deposits, three military garrisons or f…
The Early Integration of the Eurasian Steppes with the Ancient Near East
The Social Construction of Ancient Cities
Diverse Approaches to the Ottoman Past
Archaeological transformations
Religion, Politics, and Prehistory
This article illustrates the dangers of mixing religious certitudes and political activities with the study of the remote prehistoric past by critically reviewing the works of one of the 20th century's most prolific and (once) influential prehistorians, Oswald Menghin. Menghin's reconstructions of the past were inspired by a moral crusade against the perceived evils of materialist evolutionism, an agenda that during the 1930s assumed an explicitl…
Rethinking World-Systems
Rethinking World-Systems: Diasporas, Colonies, and Interaction in Uruk Mesopotamia. Gil J. Stein. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1999. 206 pp
Complex Societies of Central Eurasia from the 3d to the 1st Millennia b.c
Notes on the Fall of Horom
De nombreuses grandes villes d'Urartu ont connu une fin violente. Ce modele ne s'applique cependant pas a la citadelle d'Horom, dans la plaine de Shirak, au nord-ouest de l'Armenie. Les structures semblent au contraire y avoir ete abandonnees progressivement et videes de leur contenu. Les evenements brutaux qui mirent fin aux royaumes neo-assyrien et urartien semblent avoir partiellement epargne les habitats situes au-dela de la limite septentrio…
The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Peoples of Eastern Central Asia. Vol. 1
Nationalism and Archaeology
Nationalism requires the elaboration of a real or invented remote past. This review considers how archaeological data are manipulated for nationalist purposes, and it discusses the development of archaeology during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and the relationship of archaeology to nation-building, particularly in Europe. Contrastive conceptions of nationality and ethnicity are presented, and it is argued that adoption of modern c…
The Development of Social Stratification in Bronze Age Europe [and Comments and Reply]
The emergence of a hereditary elite class in Bronze Age Europe is now widely interpreted in terms of the redistributive activities of a managerial ruling class. This fuctionalist account of elite origins goes against a uniformitarian understanding of what ruling classes do in complex societies. It also is poorly suited to the concrete evidence for Bronze Age cultures in Europe. The rise of hereditary, superordinate social strata in prehistoric Eu…
Nationalism, Politics, and the Practice of Archaeology
Part I. Introduction: Archaeology in the Service of the State: Theoretical Considerations Philip L. Kohl and Clare Fawcett Part II. Western Europe: 1. Civilization, barbarism, and nationalism in European archaeology Bernard Wailes and Amy L. Zoll 2. Archaeology and nationalism in Spain Margarita Diaz-Andreu 3. Nationalism and Copper Age research in Portugal during the Salazar Regime (1932-1974) Katina T. Lillios 4. Archaeology in Nazi Germany: th…
Bronze Age World System Cycles [and Comments and Reply]
The Uruk Expansion
The "Dyuktai Culture" and New World Origins [and Comments and Reply]
The chronology and affinities of the "Dyuktai culture," an Upper Paleolithic assemblage from northeastern Siberia, are discussed. Geoarchaeological and chronometric data suggest that Dyuktai assemblages are no older than the middle part of the early Sartan Glacial (ca. 18,000 B.P.) and are substantially younger than claimed in the Russian literature. Since Dyuktai assemblages have been argued to resemble those of the New World Paleo-Arctic tradit…
The Balance of Trade in Southwestern Asia in the Mid-Third Millennium B.C. [and Comments and Reply]
Trade frequently is considered an important and distinct subsystem that is integrated within a prehistoric cultural system. This paper rejects this interpretation and attempts a structural analysis of a specific trading network that existed in southwestern Asia in the mid-3d millennium B.C. in order to uncover the motivational factors and contradictions operative in trading relationships. An ideal dichotomy between sparsely populated, resource-ri…
Development and Decline
Shared Social Fields
In this article, I distinguish between evolutionary and historical perspectives on the past, adopting the concept of "social fields" to argue for a macrohistorical interpretation of the archaeological record. The unit of analysis is not an archaeological culture or civilization but social groups inextricably involved with other groups in weblike interconnections in which technologies are diffused and modified by other groups caught up in these sa…
Trade and Politics in Proto-Elamite Iran [and Comments and Reply]
During the Proto-Elamite period, 3300-2800 B.C., a political and economic hegemony seems to have arisen in the southwestern highlands of Iran. The power of this hegemony was derived from its control over the major trade routes between the Iranian plateau and Mesopotamia; its extent is defined by shared styles in ceramics, art, and architecture and by the use of a distincitive system of writing and recording. Proto-Elamite influence grew rapidly d…
Burial Customs as an Archaeological Source [and Comments]
Burial practices as an archaeological source contain a variety of information. Since they represent a stable system, the reconstruction of burial practices permits one to identify six informational units. The first unit reveals the ancients' ideas about the means of passage of the deceased to the other world and of life in the realm of the dead. The second unit permits the reconstruction of the process of replacement of one archaeological culture…
Origins, Homelands and Migrations
This paper summarizes current understanding of the emergence, nature and subsequent southwestern and southeastern spread of the Early Transcaucasian (ETC) or Kura-Araxes 'culture-historical community' (Russian: obshchnost') and then places this complex cultural phenomenon in the context of the larger Early Bronze Age world of the Ancient Near East and the western Eurasian steppes
Religion, Politics, and Prehistory
This article illustrates the dangers of mixing religious certitudes and political activities with the study of the remote prehistoric past by critically reviewing the works of one of the 20th century's most prolific and (once) influential prehistorians, Oswald Menghin. Menghin's reconstructions of the past were inspired by a moral crusade against the perceived evils of materialist evolutionism, an agenda that during the 1930s assumed an explicitl…
Archaeological Investigations at Horom in the Shirak Plain of Northwestern Armenia, 1990
Nature and Antiquities
There is a sense in which Eu rope was the prisoner of its shepherds and barbaric origin.The savage state cannot be discovered in its history, and has had to be invented, under the name of the state of nature, by poets, lawgivers and phi los o phers.In America the thing really exists, and the two continents form a vast laboratory in which Eu ro pe an speculative experiments can test their hypotheses regarding the human mind by observing it in a st…
Preliminary Report on the 1993 Excavations at Horom, Armenia
Article sur les fouilles internationales menees en Armenie et en Georgie en 1993. Dans le premier pays il s'agit de recherches pluriannuelles qui ont permis d'etudier l'occupation d'Arartu sur le site d'Horom. Les fouilles georgiennes sont moins consequantes mais ont permis de relever des occupations paleolithique, du Bronze et du Fer
Preliminary Report on the 1992 Excavations at Horom, Armenia
Rapport preliminaires de fouilles conjointes americano-armeniennes, menees depuis 1990 en Armenie du nord-ouest. Apres un expose des prospections, les AA. parlent d'un site d'habitat fortifie qui a livre des occupations du Bronze ancien au Fer
Archaeological Reconnaissance in the Darreh Gaz Plain
Prospections dans le Khorassan iranien en aout-sept. et nov 1978 a proximite de Yarim Tepe. Releve et classification de 32 sites de la plaine occupee depuis le V millenaire, surtout a l'epoque sassanide. Ceramique peinte (Namazga III-IV, 2800-2400 av. J.-C.) Materiel apparente a celui du Turkmenistan meridional
The Namazga Civilization
It became apparent during two exchange visits to the Soviet Union in 1978 and 19791 that the only major English summaries of the Aeneolithic and Bronze Age remains from Central Asia2 were dated and did not include adequate descriptions of major discoveries, such as the Murghab Delta sites. An immediate solution to this problem suggested itself: a collection of translated articles which both presented the latest discoveries in the area and illustr…
Perils of Carts before Horses
Affirming the ObviousThe Archaeology of Rank.Paul Wason
Early Bronze developments on the West Caspian Coastal Plain
Cet article passe en revue les recherches menées sur le Complexe du Bronze ancien de Velikent et sur les sites liés à la culture de Velikent, établis sur la plaine côtière de la rive ouest de la mer Caspienne, au Daghestan (Russie) et, plus au sud, dans le nord-est de l’Azerbaïdjan. Des prospections ont montré que cette plaine littorale fut occupée de façon dense pour la première fois au milieu du 4e millénaire, par une population qui utilisait d…
Complex Societies of Central Eurasia from the 3d to the 1st Millennia b.c
Ámbitos sociales compartidos
En este artículo distingo entre perspectivas evolucionistas e históricas sobre el pasado, adoptando el concepto de “ámbitos sociales” para defender una interpretación macrohistórica del registro arqueológico. La unidad de análisis no es una cultura o civilización arqueológica sino los grupos sociales implicados de manera inextricable con otros grupos en interconexiones reticulares en las que las tecnologías son difundidas y modificadas por otros …
Rethinking World-Systems
Rethinking World-Systems: Diasporas, Colonies, and Interaction in Uruk Mesopotamia. Gil J. Stein. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1999. 206 pp
The archeology of trade
Near East and South Asia
"Steatite" Carvings of the Early Third Millennium B. C
Stateless cities
The Balance of Trade in Southwestern Asia in the Mid-Third Millennium B.C. [and Comments and Reply]
Trade frequently is considered an important and distinct subsystem that is integrated within a prehistoric cultural system. This paper rejects this interpretation and attempts a structural analysis of a specific trading network that existed in southwestern Asia in the mid-3d millennium B.C. in order to uncover the motivational factors and contradictions operative in trading relationships. An ideal dichotomy between sparsely populated, resource-ri…
On Early Trade
Archaeological Reconnaissance in the Darreh Gaz Plain
Prospections dans le Khorassan iranien en aout-sept. et nov 1978 a proximite de Yarim Tepe. Releve et classification de 32 sites de la plaine occupee depuis le V millenaire, surtout a l'epoque sassanide. Ceramique peinte (Namazga III-IV, 2800-2400 av. J.-C.) Materiel apparente a celui du Turkmenistan meridional
Soviet-American Archaeological Symposia on the Near East and Central Asia
The Bronze Age Civilization of Central Asia
The Namazga Civilization
It became apparent during two exchange visits to the Soviet Union in 1978 and 19791 that the only major English summaries of the Aeneolithic and Bronze Age remains from Central Asia2 were dated and did not include adequate descriptions of major discoveries, such as the Murghab Delta sites. An immediate solution to this problem suggested itself: a collection of translated articles which both presented the latest discoveries in the area and illustr…
The Development of Social Stratification in Bronze Age Europe [and Comments and Reply]
The emergence of a hereditary elite class in Bronze Age Europe is now widely interpreted in terms of the redistributive activities of a managerial ruling class. This fuctionalist account of elite origins goes against a uniformitarian understanding of what ruling classes do in complex societies. It also is poorly suited to the concrete evidence for Bronze Age cultures in Europe. The rise of hereditary, superordinate social strata in prehistoric Eu…
Trade and Politics in Proto-Elamite Iran [and Comments and Reply]
During the Proto-Elamite period, 3300-2800 B.C., a political and economic hegemony seems to have arisen in the southwestern highlands of Iran. The power of this hegemony was derived from its control over the major trade routes between the Iranian plateau and Mesopotamia; its extent is defined by shared styles in ceramics, art, and architecture and by the use of a distincitive system of writing and recording. Proto-Elamite influence grew rapidly d…
Burial Customs as an Archaeological Source [and Comments]
Burial practices as an archaeological source contain a variety of information. Since they represent a stable system, the reconstruction of burial practices permits one to identify six informational units. The first unit reveals the ancients' ideas about the means of passage of the deceased to the other world and of life in the realm of the dead. The second unit permits the reconstruction of the process of replacement of one archaeological culture…
General/Theoretical
The "Dyuktai Culture" and New World Origins [and Comments and Reply]
The chronology and affinities of the "Dyuktai culture," an Upper Paleolithic assemblage from northeastern Siberia, are discussed. Geoarchaeological and chronometric data suggest that Dyuktai assemblages are no older than the middle part of the early Sartan Glacial (ca. 18,000 B.P.) and are substantially younger than claimed in the Russian literature. Since Dyuktai assemblages have been argued to resemble those of the New World Paleo-Arctic tradit…
Recent Research in Central Asia
This article summarizes recent prehistoric research in western Central Asia (Western Turkestan) or the area of internal drainage towards the Caspian and Aral Seas, stretching from the Pamir massif and Fergana valley in the east to the Caspian in the west, and from the Aral in the north to the Hindu Kush watershed in Afghanistan and the eastern extension of the Alborz chain and the Iranian plateau in the south (Figure 1). This vast area contains d…
Development and Decline
The Northern "Frontier" of the Ancient Near East
The Uruk Expansion
General/Theoretical Anthropology
The Culture and Social Institutions of Ancient Iran
Ancient Persia
The Transcaucasian “Periphery” in the Bronze Age
'Central Asian' Materials from Baluchistan and Southeastern Iran at the End of the Third Millenium B.C
Archaeological Investigations at Horom in the Shirak Plain of Northwestern Armenia, 1990
History (59 obras) · Archaeology (49 obras) · History (34 obras) · Geography (33 obras) · Ancient history (28 obras) · Eurasian Exchange Networks (28 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (25 obras) · Ancient Near East History (23 obras) · Sociology (23 obras) · Political science (20 obras)