Mary Bresnahan
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3620142 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Mary Bresnahan |
| NOMBRES | Mary |
| APELLIDO | Bresnahan |
| FIRMA | BRESNAHAN M |
| AFILIACIONES | Michigan State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2483-394X |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 48 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 135 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 48 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1979 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Exploring the Effects of Nostalgic and Tragic Narratives on Threat Perceptions of Immigrants in the U.S
This study explores whether nostalgia versus tragedy narratives increase empathy and perspective taking toward immigrants in the U.S. amid symbolic and realistic threat perceptions. A pre-test with 194 students confirmed nostalgia narratives elicited greater nostalgia. The main experiment (2 × 2 design; n = 218 adults) showed that tragedy narratives, more than nostalgia, indirectly influenced threat perceptions and helping intentions through empa…
Presidential Rhetoric and Policy Direction
Objective This study analyzed language found in executive orders (EOs) issued during the first 100 days of the Trump administration (2025) with specific emphasis on how word choice characterized federal and non-federal programs targeted for removal. Method Semantic and thematic analysis examined 36 EOs eliminating programs or freezing funding and the rationale offered for doing this. Findings Sentiment analysis revealed while the orders were pred…
Chinese international students’ facework and collective face concerns in response to group criticism
Based on a sample of 84 Chinese international students (54% female participants, Mage = 20.49, SD = 1.43) in a U.S. university, the current study aims to integrate group criticism research with facework and collective face research. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted exploring these students’ online written responses to group criticism elicited by either an ingroup or outgroup critic in a laboratory experiment. Four themes are identifie…
The bias algorithm
This scoping review examined racial and ethnic bias in artificial intelligence health algorithms (AIHA), the role of stakeholders in oversight, and the consequences of AIHA for health equity. Using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, databases were searched between 2020 and 2024 using the terms racial and ethnic bias in health algorithms resulting in a final sample of 23 sources. Suggestions for how to mitigate algorithmic bias were compiled and evaluated…
Awe and Trepidation
Care provider communication with Black birthing families is impactful. This cross-sectional study asked 216 Black fathers to recall treatment by birthing care providers and tested variables contributing to birth satisfaction and fathering identity salience. Most fathers reported that care providers were respectful resulting in a positive birthing experience; however, 15% reported negative experiences with care providers. Perceived social support …
Speak English in the department or perish? A multimethod study on online public responses to an English-only incident at a US university
This study investigated more than 3600 online comments responding to an incident in 2019 where a controversial memo was sent to instruct Chinese graduate students at a US university not to speak Chinese in the department. A text analysis based on Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software showed that these comments included more negative-emotion words compared with positive-emotion words. In addition, an inductive thematic analysis identified the…
A quantitative study on Chinese international students’ support mechanisms to address alienation caused by Covid-19 stigma encounters in the United States
In this study, Chinese international students (N = 231) from multiple U.S. universities completed an online survey from 2021 to 2022. The data was examined by structural equation modeling to analyze the relationship between Chinese students’ stigma encounters and their feelings of alienation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Support mechanisms linking stigma encounters and alienation were also examined, including collective face concerns, perceived s…
Do Brelfies Help to Normalize Breastfeeding in Public
Often, lack of support results in early termination of breastfeeding compromising infant health. Lactivists argue one way to normalize public breastfeeding is by posting brelfies on social network sites. An online experiment tested a 2 × 2 between-subjects factorial design. Participants (N = 296) were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental conditions varying the valence of comments or the control where no user comments were present. Mo…
Chinese international students and American domestic students’ intercultural communication in response to group criticism
Purpose Group criticism plays an important role in intergroup relations and conflicts, but few studies have related group criticism to intercultural communication contexts. This study aims to explore two cultural groups’ (Chinese international students in the USA and American domestic students) collective face concern as a unique experience in intercultural communication and other psychological responses while encountering group criticism targeti…
Chinese International Students’ Face Concerns, Self-Stigma, Linguistic Factors, and Help-Seeking Intentions for Mental Health
Chinese international students (CIS) in American universities encounter serious mental health issues, and they also underutilize campus mental health care services. The current study examined several factors which result in this phenomenon, such as Chinese face concerns, self-stigma of seeking help for mental health services, as well as English proficiency and language discrimination. A survey with 433 CIS in multiple U.S. universities was conduc…
Public Reactions to Immigration in the U.S
This study investigated people’s reactions to Muslim and Latinx immigrants in the U.S. participants with positive intergroup contact and who were politically liberal showed less intergroup anxiety, less realistic and symbolic threat, and more willingness to help immigrants. The frequency of contact and immigration issue salience were associated with the willingness to help. When participants perceived the source of a pro-immigration message to be…
The negative health effects of anti-Asian stigma in the U.S. during Covid-19
Anti-Asian microaggressions in the time of Covid-19
Black mothers’ birthing experiences
This study showed that there is still additional work that needs to be done for racial equity and respect during birth. Practical implications for addressing health inequities are discussed
Online Public Responses to the “Send Her Back” Chant at the 2019 Greenville Rally
The Squad is a group of four progressive women of colour elected to the U.S. Congress in 2018 who have been vocal critics especially of immigration and environmental policies. During a Republican rally in North Carolina in 2019, Trump disparaged the Squad for being critical of him. The crowd responded chanting “Send her/them back.” This study conducted a content analysis of public comments posted on four online news sites assessing rejection or a…
A thematic analysis of international teaching assistants’ stigma experience in a U.S. university
The current study adopted a thematic-analysis approach to investigate 14 international teaching assistants’ (ITAs) stigma experience in a U.S. university. Link and Phelan’s (2001. Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 363–385) model of four components of stigma is adopted in this article to analyze how these ITAs experienced labeling, stereotypes, separation, and status loss-discrimination. The findings suggested that some IT…
The Impact of Narratives on Attitudes toward Muslim Immigrants in the U.S
This study examined the impact of narratives on attitudes toward Muslim immigrants in the U.S. Based on a 2 (content: acceptance vs. rejection) × 2 (narrator: Muslim vs. American) plus control condition design, 479 participants read one of five messages. More contact and positive attribution toward Muslim immigrants was associated less threat and exclusion. The American narrator telling a rejection narrative was the most disliked and received lit…
He wants a refund because I’m breastfeeding my baby”
Collective Face, Politeness Strategies, and Discomfort
This two-by-three between-subjects factorial study tested how American domestic students and Chinese international students responded to a scenario of performance failure by a friend whose membership varies across conditions. The study measured collective face, politeness strategies, and participants’ discomfort feelings. Robust findings were observed in the condition where Chinese participants imagined witnessing an ingroup-friend’s incompetence…
Extinguishing Lady Liberty’s Torch? Online Public Responses to the U.S. Executive Order to Ban Immigrants from 7 Countries
In January 2017, a seven-country ban blocked immigrants from entering the U.S. When the story broke, many people posted comments on online news sites. Analysis revealed themes of rejection and acceptance. Rejection themes focused on security, demeaning Muslims, and exclusion. Acceptance themes called for inclusivity and providing a safe haven for immigrants. Comments aligned into partisan camps reflecting political branding of the sites. Analyses…
Let me tell you a story
This study investigated the impact of narratives on urban dwellers’ attitudes toward migrant workers in China. With a 2 (message valence: positive or negative)×2 (message type: narrative or description) between-subjects factorial design, 261 participants were randomly assigned to conditions to assess their emotional reactions and stigma toward migrant workers. The results showed that positive messages elicited less negative emotion and stigma com…
Does Shame Still Prevail in China and Guilt Prevail in the U.S.A
This study examined whether Chinese and Americans varied in guilt and shame. A 2 (relational closeness: friends vs. acquaintance) × 3 (targets of harm: self only vs. self and the other vs. the other only) × 2 (country: China vs. U.S.) between-subject factorial study was conducted. Results showed regardless of cultures, the extent of damage caused by transgression significantly predicted guilt and shame, whereas relational closeness between a tran…
“Governor of the House of Pancake”
New Jersey governor and presidential candidate Chris Christie exemplifies the epitome of stigma against fatness in a political candidate. Since Christie became newsworthy several years ago, political journalists, other political candidates, cartoonists, comedians, and social commentators often have satirized his weight. In order to investigate the extent of political weight stigma, a content analysis was conducted of 319 online news stories about…
How is stigma communicated? Use of negative counterargument to communicate stigma
Detrimental Effects of Community-Based Stigma
This introductory essay provides an update of the state of stigma research. Following this, an overview of the six stigma studies included in this issue is presented
Individual‐vs. culture‐level dimensions of individualism and collectivism
The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not “self‐construals” (Markus & Kitayama, 1991) are an aspect of culture that accounts for the perceived importance of conversational constraints. To spell out the way in which culture influences communication styles, we developed a mediation model. The model assumes that the perceived importance of conversational constraints is determined by values, e.g., independent versus interdependent sel…
Attitudinal and affective response toward accented English
Changing Gender Roles in Prime-Time Commercials in Malaysia, Japan, Taiwan, and the United States
A contrastive pragmatic study on American english and mandarin refusal strategies
Exploration and Validation of the Dimensions of Stigma
Stigma research is hampered by lack of consensus about the number of dimensions making up the stigma construct and what these dimensions measure. Two studies were conducted testing the dimensionality of stigma. Using 105 items proposed to measure stigma in previous research, the first study ( N = 307) conducted an exploratory factor analysis using the maximum likelihood method of factor extraction. Results supported five factors that were designa…
Gender and aggression in the recognition of interruption
Early studies on interruption focused on dominance and floor control, power asymmetry and imbalance, gender and cultural differences, and historical lack of access to power that resulted in the suppression of women's voices. These were critical issues that opened up a field of investigation. More recent studies have examined the interactive character of interruption in actual conversation. The current study focuses on whether women and men have d…
Obesity Stigma and Negative Perceptions of Political Leadership Competence
This study investigated whether the leadership competence of an overweight candidate is affected by exposure to weight-stigmatizing and nonstigmatizing messages. Participants read one of four messages-a weight stigma, a health stigma, a competence, or a stigma-reducing message. Fat phobia, weight controllability, partisanship, political activism, and voting behaviors were also measured. Weight controllability bias interacted with the weight stigm…
The Impact of Personal Metaphors and Memorable Interpersonal Communication on Body Satisfaction
Memorable messages about body size can have profound negative psychological and emotional effects on body image and personal health. We found that both men and women recalled more negative than positive memorable messages about their body appearance and size. Participants who reported receiving negative memorable messages also revealed stronger current body dissatisfaction and poorer self-image than participants who reported positive memorable me…
A process model of request tactic evaluation
The primary aim of this article is to test a process model of request tactic evaluation in two different cultures. It examines possible links between the perceptions of interactive constraints (concern for clarity, concern for avoiding hurting the hearer's feelings, concern for nonimposition, concern for avoiding negative evaluation by the hearer, concern for effectiveness), and likelihood of using specific tactics. Theory and research drawn from…
Let me tell you a story
This study investigated the impact of narratives on urban dwellers’ attitudes toward migrant workers in China. With a 2 (message valence: positive or negative)×2 (message type: narrative or description) between-subjects factorial design, 261 participants were randomly assigned to conditions to assess their emotional reactions and stigma toward migrant workers. The results showed that positive messages elicited less negative emotion and stigma com…
Detrimental Effects of Community-Based Stigma
This introductory essay provides an update of the state of stigma research. Following this, an overview of the six stigma studies included in this issue is presented
A Comparison of Response Styles in Singapore and Taiwan
This study compares the response styles of 2 groups of Chinese men and women who have been described as collectivists—Chinese in Singapore and Taiwan. Participants were presented with one of three request scenarios that controlled participant identity and manipulated the level of imposition of what was requested. Chinese in Singapore were found to prefer complying with the request of a friend compared to Chinese in Taiwan, who were more likely to…
Black mothers’ birthing experiences
This study showed that there is still additional work that needs to be done for racial equity and respect during birth. Practical implications for addressing health inequities are discussed
A thematic analysis of international teaching assistants’ stigma experience in a U.S. university
The current study adopted a thematic-analysis approach to investigate 14 international teaching assistants’ (ITAs) stigma experience in a U.S. university. Link and Phelan’s (2001. Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 363–385) model of four components of stigma is adopted in this article to analyze how these ITAs experienced labeling, stereotypes, separation, and status loss-discrimination. The findings suggested that some IT…
English in the Philippines
Journal Article English in the Philippines Get access Mary I. Bresnahan Mary I. Bresnahan 1Mary I. Bresnahan, who spent the academic year 1976–1977 in the Philippines, is currently completing a Ph.D. in Southeast Asian Linguistics at the University of Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 29, Issue 2, June 1979, Pages 64–71, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1979.tb029…
When a response is not an answer
The effects of advisor style on overcoming client resistance in the advising interview
This study examines how two factors contribute to the genesis and escalation of conflict in the texts of 14 actual advising interviews. The two factors examined are advisor role dilemma/role coalescence and use of foot‐in‐the‐door (FITD) or door‐in‐the‐face (DITF) strategies. Advisors must judge the relative merit of student requests. Moment by moment, they must decide whether their role as student advocate or institutional gatekeeper is paramoun…
A process model of request tactic evaluation
The primary aim of this article is to test a process model of request tactic evaluation in two different cultures. It examines possible links between the perceptions of interactive constraints (concern for clarity, concern for avoiding hurting the hearer's feelings, concern for nonimposition, concern for avoiding negative evaluation by the hearer, concern for effectiveness), and likelihood of using specific tactics. Theory and research drawn from…
Individual‐vs. culture‐level dimensions of individualism and collectivism
The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not “self‐construals” (Markus & Kitayama, 1991) are an aspect of culture that accounts for the perceived importance of conversational constraints. To spell out the way in which culture influences communication styles, we developed a mediation model. The model assumes that the perceived importance of conversational constraints is determined by values, e.g., independent versus interdependent sel…
Gender and aggression in the recognition of interruption
Early studies on interruption focused on dominance and floor control, power asymmetry and imbalance, gender and cultural differences, and historical lack of access to power that resulted in the suppression of women's voices. These were critical issues that opened up a field of investigation. More recent studies have examined the interactive character of interruption in actual conversation. The current study focuses on whether women and men have d…
A contrastive pragmatic study on American english and mandarin refusal strategies
A Comparison of Response Styles in Singapore and Taiwan
This study compares the response styles of 2 groups of Chinese men and women who have been described as collectivists—Chinese in Singapore and Taiwan. Participants were presented with one of three request scenarios that controlled participant identity and manipulated the level of imposition of what was requested. Chinese in Singapore were found to prefer complying with the request of a friend compared to Chinese in Taiwan, who were more likely to…
Changing Gender Roles in Prime-Time Commercials in Malaysia, Japan, Taiwan, and the United States
The Healing Web
We focused on the computer-mediated communication (CMC) of social support in an electronic health discussion group dealing with menopause and midlife transition to show how vital support is to women who are trying to make sense of the change in their lives. We analyzed 2,000 messages, examining the type and frequency of support messages, how support was demonstrated, and how support was recognized by participants. We then provided evidence to sho…
Attitudinal and affective response toward accented English
The (In)validity of Self-Construal Scales Revisited
This paper offers a critical rejoinder in the discussion concerning the viability of self-construal scales. It is our contention that the existing data reported in our previous article (Levine et al., 2003) and elsewhere are more than sufficient to justify the conclusion that self-report scales purporting to measure interdependent and independent self-construals as 2 orthogonal constructs lack validity. The arguments to the contrary offered by Gu…
Self-Construal Scales Lack Validity
Self-construal is thought to mediate and explain the effects of culture on a wide variety of outcome variables. A meta-analysis of published cross-cultural self-construal research is reported in this article, and the results across studies suggests that the evidence for the predicted cultural differences is weak, inconsistent, or nonexistent. The results of 3 priming experiments (N = 121, N = 99, and N = 361) suggest that (a) priming does not acc…
Self-Construal Scales Lack Validity
Self-construal is thought to mediate and explain the effects of culture on a wide variety of outcome variables. A meta-analysis of published cross-cultural self-construal research is reported in this article, and the results across studies suggests that the evidence for the predicted cultural differences is weak, inconsistent, or nonexistent. The results of 3 priming experiments (N = 121, N = 99, and N = 361) suggest that (a) priming does not acc…
The (In)validity of Self-Construal Scales Revisited
This paper offers a critical rejoinder in the discussion concerning the viability of self-construal scales. It is our contention that the existing data reported in our previous article (Levine et al., 2003) and elsewhere are more than sufficient to justify the conclusion that self-report scales purporting to measure interdependent and independent self-construals as 2 orthogonal constructs lack validity. The arguments to the contrary offered by Gu…
A Multimethod Multitrait Validity Assessment of Self-Construal in Japan, Korea, and the United States
A large number of previous studies have used self-construal to predict communication outcomes. Recent evidence, however, suggests that validity problems may exist in self-construal measurement. The current study conducted a multimethod multitrait (Campbell & Fiske, 1959) validation study of self-construal measures with data (total N= 578) collected in Korea (N= 200), Japan (N= 212), and the U.S. (N= 166). The data showed that the Singelis (1994) …
A Multimethod Multitrait Validity Assessment of Self-Construal in Japan, Korea, and the United States
A large number of previous studies have used self-construal to predict communication outcomes. Recent evidence, however, suggests that validity problems may exist in self-construal measurement. The current study conducted a multimethod multitrait (Campbell & Fiske, 1959) validation study of self-construal measures with data (total N= 578) collected in Korea (N= 200), Japan (N= 212), and the U.S. (N= 166). The data showed that the Singelis (1994) …
Exploration and Validation of the Dimensions of Stigma
Stigma research is hampered by lack of consensus about the number of dimensions making up the stigma construct and what these dimensions measure. Two studies were conducted testing the dimensionality of stigma. Using 105 items proposed to measure stigma in previous research, the first study ( N = 307) conducted an exploratory factor analysis using the maximum likelihood method of factor extraction. Results supported five factors that were designa…
The Impact of Personal Metaphors and Memorable Interpersonal Communication on Body Satisfaction
Memorable messages about body size can have profound negative psychological and emotional effects on body image and personal health. We found that both men and women recalled more negative than positive memorable messages about their body appearance and size. Participants who reported receiving negative memorable messages also revealed stronger current body dissatisfaction and poorer self-image than participants who reported positive memorable me…
Why is the vegan line in the dining hall always the shortest? Understanding vegan stigma
Two studies investigated why vegan stigma occurs and why people who eat meat are often unaccepting of vegans. Study 1 measured vegan stigma based on Link and Phelan’s (2001) model and proposed that the communal food hypothesis provides a partial explanation for vegan stigma. Study 1 revealed that la
Detrimental Effects of Community-Based Stigma
This introductory essay provides an update of the state of stigma research. Following this, an overview of the six stigma studies included in this issue is presented
Development and validation of the Communicating with Family about Brain Death Scale
This study reports development of a scale assessing communication with family about brain-dead organ donation. Two cross-sectional studies demonstrated scale validity. Tests of internal, external, and predictive validity were conducted using confirmatory factor analysis. In both studies, the same 6 items were shown to be unidimensional with acceptable reliability. Parallelism was shown between the Brain Death Scale and a measure of communication …
Fighting Back
This study investigated perceptions of stigma stemming from food insecurity experienced by residents of an inner-city community described as a food desert. Sixty inner-city residents were interviewed about their difficulty in providing healthy food for their families. The study measured four kinds of structural barriers which contributed to the experience of stigma. Participants agreed that welfare created a barrier and reported experiencing heal…
Obesity Stigma and Negative Perceptions of Political Leadership Competence
This study investigated whether the leadership competence of an overweight candidate is affected by exposure to weight-stigmatizing and nonstigmatizing messages. Participants read one of four messages-a weight stigma, a health stigma, a competence, or a stigma-reducing message. Fat phobia, weight controllability, partisanship, political activism, and voting behaviors were also measured. Weight controllability bias interacted with the weight stigm…
Does Shame Still Prevail in China and Guilt Prevail in the U.S.A
This study examined whether Chinese and Americans varied in guilt and shame. A 2 (relational closeness: friends vs. acquaintance) × 3 (targets of harm: self only vs. self and the other vs. the other only) × 2 (country: China vs. U.S.) between-subject factorial study was conducted. Results showed regardless of cultures, the extent of damage caused by transgression significantly predicted guilt and shame, whereas relational closeness between a tran…
Psychology (42 obras) · Social Psychology (30 obras) · Political science (17 obras) · Sociology (17 obras) · Cultural Differences and Values (13 obras) · Developmental psychology (13 obras) · Psychiatry (12 obras) · Medicine (11 obras) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (11 obras) · Social Psychology (11 obras)