John E Murray
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3624476 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | John E Murray |
| NOMBRES | John E |
| APELLIDO | Murray |
| FIRMA | MURRAY J E |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Toledo |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 32 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 125 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 32 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1965 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Determinants in the adoption of a non-labor-substitution technology: Mechanical ventilation in West Virginia coal mines, 1898–1907
Accounts of technological change during industrialization processes based on labor-saving innovations are commonplace, even more so in the coal mining industry, in which the focus has until now been placed on the steam engine water pump and the coal cutting machine. However, to better understand technological change, we need to bear in mind the study of complementary capital. While previous research on complementary capital relies on evidence for…
How Do Mines Explode? Understanding Risk in European Mining Doctrine, 1803–1906
Historians of risk and disaster have paid little attention to coal mining-an industry characterized by extreme risks and disasters-even though coal mine operators were concerned with the causes of explosions throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This article goes beyond nationally oriented mining scholarship on coal mine safety and regulations to examine one form of industrial risk: how did European researchers understand the r…
Integration in European coal markets, 1833–1913
This article analyses coal market integration in Europe over the long nineteenth century. The market integration of coal, a key commodity associated with the industrial revolution, is an aspect of European economic history that has received little attention. The literature on the evolution of markets has concentrated on agricultural products, mostly cereals. This article examines intra‐ and international market integration in the principal coal‐p…
Small‐scale technologies and E uropean coal mine safety, 1850–1900
This article considers new technologies and fatal accident rates in E uropean coal mining from 1850 to 1900. Its contributions are twofold: to recover and emphasize improvements in small‐scale mine technologies such as safety lamps and ventilation, and, second, to deny any role at this time for later macroinventions such as electrification and mechanization. We discuss the influence of these safety‐improving technologies as well as government reg…
The African-American Labor Supply after Reconstruction: Added Worker Effects in Urban Families
Econometric analysis of a hitherto unused 1896 survey of African-American families in American cities, mostly located in the South, reveals the classic added worker effect: Longer intervals of husbands' unemployment-not counting work missed on account of illness-led to a greater share of wives taking paid employment outside the home. The analysis also shows that household structure and composition, as well as the health of husbands, influenced th…
Accident risk compensation in late imperial Austria: Wage differentials and social insurance
The Persistence of the Health Insurance Dilemma: An Introduction
This special issue of Social Science History examines efforts in the past to protect people, particularly workers, from the consequences of unexpected illness or injury. People in ill health bear several burdens: physical pain, medi-cal bills, and lost income due to their inability to work. Dealing with pain
Literacy Acquisition in an Orphanage: A Historical‐Longitudinal Case Study
How and when children acquire the ability to read and write are questions of considerable interest. This essay uses a simple marker that has been closely examined in the historical literature, the ability to sign one’s name, to study circumstances of literacy learning in a sample of 782 children that dates from about two centuries ago. Few children had learned to write upon entrance to the orphanage that produced these records, the Charleston, So…
Male–female earnings differentials in early 20th century Manila
Family, Literacy, and Skill Training in the Antebellum South: Historical-Longitudinal Evidence from Charleston
Using individual measures of adult and child literacy, this article examines human capital acquisition in one Southern city, Charleston, 1790-1840. White adult literacy rates differed greatly by sex and class and rose gradually over time. Mothers played a critical role in human capital transmission in early childhood and long after children had left their care. Both relatively recent literacy acquisition and early childhood family structure influ…
Effects of early health-insurance programs on European mortality and fertility trends
Fates of Orphans: Poor Children in Antebellum Charleston
The circumstances of children upon leaving the Charleston Orphan House were strongly influenced by their circumstances upon arriving. Most of these children were bound out as apprentices after a few years; a large, and growing, minority of them returned to their families; and others died or ran away from the institution. Those with widowed mothers who maintained close ties with them-as evidenced by the children's literacy-were most likely to resu…
Markets for Children in Early America: A Political Economy of Pauper Apprenticeship
After beginning as a kind of outdoor poor relief, long-term indenture of poor children evolved into a specialized form of craft apprenticeship. Analysis of indenture terms indicates that relationships between end payments (“freedom dues”) and education and training clauses varied by region. In Boston, education and training clauses were associated negatively with freedom-dues clauses, but in Rhode Island and Charleston the relationship was positi…
Chinese–filipino Wage Differentials in Early-Twentieth-Century Manila
Racial or ethnic wage differentials are common in labor markets composed of easily identifiable groups. This article analyzes a rare source of historical wage data for nonwhite populations. An American labor-market survey of Manila in 1900 revealed that average Chinese wages were about a third higher than Filipino wages. This differential appears to have been in large part an overtime premium that compensated Chinese for their longer workdays; pa…
Involuntary childlessness and voluntary fertility control during the fertility transition: Evidence from men who graduated from an American college
Influences on the fertility of men during the American fertility decline are examined using a sample of about 1700 married men born between 1830 and 1880, all of whom attended Amherst College, Massachusetts. We consider two types of reduced fertility: involuntary childlessness as a function of health in early adulthood, and voluntary fertility control as a function of access to contraceptive technology. The relation between health, as measured by…
Marital protection and marital selection: Evidence from a historical-prospective sample of American men
Whether marriage causes people to live longer or whether healthier people select into marriage is an open question. In this study I followed a sample of men from age 18 to first marriage and ultimately to death. Health in early adulthood was represented by height and weight around age 20. The probability of ever marrying and the conditional probability of marriage in a given time period were lower for smaller men and greater for larger men. Marri…
Marital Protection and Marital Selection: Evidence from a Historical-Prospective Sample of American Men
Whether marriage causes people to live longer or whether healthier people select into marriage is an open question. In this study I followed a sample of men from age 18 to first marriage and ultimately to death. Health in early adulthood was represented by height and weight around age 20. The probability of ever marrying and the conditional probability of marriage in a given time period were lower for smaller men and greater for larger men. Marri…
Heights of Men and Women in 19th-Century Bavaria: Economic, Nutritional, and Disease Influences
Communal Viability and Employment of Non-Member Labor: Testing Hypotheses with Historical Data
A well developed body of theory associates the employment of non-member labor by collective organisations with their eventual dissolution. Manuscript and published data on hiring of outside laborers by nineteenth century American religious communes allows for tests of two propositions taken from this literature: that employment of non-members increased over time and that such employment was responsible for the communes' eventual demise. The first…
Between God and Market: Influences of Economy and Spirit on Shaker Communal Dairying, 1830-1875
By our late-twentieth-century experience, survival of an economy seems critically dependent on well-established rights to private property and a return to labor that rewards greater effort. But that need not be so. History provides examples of microsocialist economies that, internally at least, did not use prices to allocate resources, allowed for little private property for participants, and provided a constant return to labor independent of eff…
Productivity of a Commune: The Shakers, 1850–1880
Focusing on a religious commune known as the Shakers and utilizing the information recorded in the enumeration schedules of the U.S. manufacturing and agriculture censuses, this article estimates the productivities of Shaker enterprises and compares them with those of other producers randomly selected from the same data source. The results provide support to the contention that communes need not always suffer from reduced productivity. Shaker far…
The Contributions of Early Health-Insurance Programs to Mortality Declines in Pre-World War I Europe: Evidence from Fixed-Effects Models
Women's Stature and Marriage Markets in Preindustrial Bavaria
The authors investigate marital patterns among Bavarian women born 1819 to 1886. In particular, Becker's hypothesis concerning heights and probability of marriage, namely, that likes tend to marry likes, is considered. The authors find to the contrary that the shortest women were at a distinct disadvantage in the marriage market. Other characteristics that lowered the probability of ever marrying included birth in northern Bavaria, lower class st…
Standards of the Present for People of the Past: Height, Weight, and Mortality among Men of Amherst College, 1834-1949
Whether anthropometric-mortality risk relationships as found in present day populations also characterized past populations is disputed. This article finds U-shaped body mass index (BMI)-mortality risk relationships among nineteenth-century men that were similar to such relationships as found in twentieth-century men. No relationship between height and mortality could be detected. This article infers from the socioeconomic homogeneity of the samp…
Bastardy in South Germany Revisited: An Anthropometric Synthesis
Bastardy in South Germany Revisited: An Anthropometric Synthesis Twenty years ago, in these pages, a debate proceeded concerning the status of children who were born to unmarried parents in nineteenth-century Bavaria. The disputants associated the causes and effects of the well-established increase in bastardy with differences in well-being between the illegitimately and the legitimately born. Lee approached the problem by proposing several possi…
Heights of Men and Women in 19th-Century Bavaria: Economic, Nutritional, and Disease Influences
Women's Stature and Marriage Markets in Preindustrial Bavaria
The authors investigate marital patterns among Bavarian women born 1819 to 1886. In particular, Becker's hypothesis concerning heights and probability of marriage, namely, that likes tend to marry likes, is considered. The authors find to the contrary that the shortest women were at a distinct disadvantage in the marriage market. Other characteristics that lowered the probability of ever marrying included birth in northern Bavaria, lower class st…
Standards of the Present for People of the Past: Height, Weight, and Mortality among Men of Amherst College, 1834-1949
Whether anthropometric-mortality risk relationships as found in present day populations also characterized past populations is disputed. This article finds U-shaped body mass index (BMI)-mortality risk relationships among nineteenth-century men that were similar to such relationships as found in twentieth-century men. No relationship between height and mortality could be detected. This article infers from the socioeconomic homogeneity of the samp…
Small‐scale technologies and E uropean coal mine safety, 1850–1900
This article considers new technologies and fatal accident rates in E uropean coal mining from 1850 to 1900. Its contributions are twofold: to recover and emphasize improvements in small‐scale mine technologies such as safety lamps and ventilation, and, second, to deny any role at this time for later macroinventions such as electrification and mechanization. We discuss the influence of these safety‐improving technologies as well as government reg…
Human Capital in Religious Communes: Literacy and Selection of Nineteenth Century Shakers
Integration in European coal markets, 1833–1913
This article analyses coal market integration in Europe over the long nineteenth century. The market integration of coal, a key commodity associated with the industrial revolution, is an aspect of European economic history that has received little attention. The literature on the evolution of markets has concentrated on agricultural products, mostly cereals. This article examines intra‐ and international market integration in the principal coal‐p…
Accident risk compensation in late imperial Austria: Wage differentials and social insurance
Family, Literacy, and Skill Training in the Antebellum South: Historical-Longitudinal Evidence from Charleston
Using individual measures of adult and child literacy, this article examines human capital acquisition in one Southern city, Charleston, 1790-1840. White adult literacy rates differed greatly by sex and class and rose gradually over time. Mothers played a critical role in human capital transmission in early childhood and long after children had left their care. Both relatively recent literacy acquisition and early childhood family structure influ…
Bastardy in South Germany Revisited: An Anthropometric Synthesis
Bastardy in South Germany Revisited: An Anthropometric Synthesis Twenty years ago, in these pages, a debate proceeded concerning the status of children who were born to unmarried parents in nineteenth-century Bavaria. The disputants associated the causes and effects of the well-established increase in bastardy with differences in well-being between the illegitimately and the legitimately born. Lee approached the problem by proposing several possi…
Generation(s) of Human Capital: Literacy in American Families, 1830-1875
Generation(s) of Human Capital: Literacy in American Families, I830-I875 That human capital has played a critical role in the development of the American economy is generally accepted. Investments in people paid a handsome return through a productive and mobile work force. One indication of these investments in human capital was a growing proportion of both men and women who showed the most rudimentary skill-the ability to sign their name, rather…
Markets for Children in Early America: A Political Economy of Pauper Apprenticeship
After beginning as a kind of outdoor poor relief, long-term indenture of poor children evolved into a specialized form of craft apprenticeship. Analysis of indenture terms indicates that relationships between end payments (“freedom dues”) and education and training clauses varied by region. In Boston, education and training clauses were associated negatively with freedom-dues clauses, but in Rhode Island and Charleston the relationship was positi…
The Contributions of Early Health-Insurance Programs to Mortality Declines in Pre-World War I Europe: Evidence from Fixed-Effects Models
Determinants of Membership Levels and Duration in a Shaker Commune, 1780-1880
Les niveaux de participation et d'engagement religieux des Shakers ne sont uniquement determines par des raisons religieuses. L'A. pense que les Shakers ne sont pas parvenus a attirer de nouveaux membres bien prepares au sein de leur groupe; ils ont ete incapables de resoudre le probleme de la seconde generation, de convaincre les jeunes membres a rester dans la secte. Au cours du temps, les nouveaux membres ont ete de plus en plus nombreux a nai…
How Do Mines Explode? Understanding Risk in European Mining Doctrine, 1803–1906
Historians of risk and disaster have paid little attention to coal mining-an industry characterized by extreme risks and disasters-even though coal mine operators were concerned with the causes of explosions throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This article goes beyond nationally oriented mining scholarship on coal mine safety and regulations to examine one form of industrial risk: how did European researchers understand the r…
Involuntary childlessness and voluntary fertility control during the fertility transition: Evidence from men who graduated from an American college
Influences on the fertility of men during the American fertility decline are examined using a sample of about 1700 married men born between 1830 and 1880, all of whom attended Amherst College, Massachusetts. We consider two types of reduced fertility: involuntary childlessness as a function of health in early adulthood, and voluntary fertility control as a function of access to contraceptive technology. The relation between health, as measured by…
Organization and Distributional Equality in a Network of Communes: The Shakers
A distinctive feature of the Shaker organization of communes was to divide each commune into economically independent subdivisions called "Families." Although the sharing of wealth and egalitarian distribution of output were integral aspects of Shaker religious practice, the organization of their communes based on the Family system led to inequalities among Families. The data from the 1850, 1860, and 1870 US Census enumeration schedules show that…
Henry George and the Shakers: Evolution of Communal Attitudes Towards Land Ownership
The influence of Henry George on the Shakers has been misunderstood. The most prominent late nineteenth century Shaker elder was Frederick W. Evans, brother of George Henry Evans, the land reformer of the second quarter of the century. Similarities in the programs of G. H. Evans and Henry George have been recognized, but the two proposed different kinds of land reforms. Evans promoted quantitative restrictions on land ownership, while George was …
Literacy Acquisition in an Orphanage: A Historical‐Longitudinal Case Study
How and when children acquire the ability to read and write are questions of considerable interest. This essay uses a simple marker that has been closely examined in the historical literature, the ability to sign one’s name, to study circumstances of literacy learning in a sample of 782 children that dates from about two centuries ago. Few children had learned to write upon entrance to the orphanage that produced these records, the Charleston, So…
Male–female earnings differentials in early 20th century Manila
Effects of early health-insurance programs on European mortality and fertility trends
Fates of Orphans: Poor Children in Antebellum Charleston
The circumstances of children upon leaving the Charleston Orphan House were strongly influenced by their circumstances upon arriving. Most of these children were bound out as apprentices after a few years; a large, and growing, minority of them returned to their families; and others died or ran away from the institution. Those with widowed mothers who maintained close ties with them-as evidenced by the children's literacy-were most likely to resu…
Chinese–filipino Wage Differentials in Early-Twentieth-Century Manila
Racial or ethnic wage differentials are common in labor markets composed of easily identifiable groups. This article analyzes a rare source of historical wage data for nonwhite populations. An American labor-market survey of Manila in 1900 revealed that average Chinese wages were about a third higher than Filipino wages. This differential appears to have been in large part an overtime premium that compensated Chinese for their longer workdays; pa…
Productivity of a Commune: The Shakers, 1850–1880
Focusing on a religious commune known as the Shakers and utilizing the information recorded in the enumeration schedules of the U.S. manufacturing and agriculture censuses, this article estimates the productivities of Shaker enterprises and compares them with those of other producers randomly selected from the same data source. The results provide support to the contention that communes need not always suffer from reduced productivity. Shaker far…
The Robinson-Patman Act. Summary and Comment
Introduction to Philosophical Hermeneutics
Human Capital in Religious Communes: Literacy and Selection of Nineteenth Century Shakers
Determinants of Membership Levels and Duration in a Shaker Commune, 1780-1880
Les niveaux de participation et d'engagement religieux des Shakers ne sont uniquement determines par des raisons religieuses. L'A. pense que les Shakers ne sont pas parvenus a attirer de nouveaux membres bien prepares au sein de leur groupe; ils ont ete incapables de resoudre le probleme de la seconde generation, de convaincre les jeunes membres a rester dans la secte. Au cours du temps, les nouveaux membres ont ete de plus en plus nombreux a nai…
Henry George and the Shakers: Evolution of Communal Attitudes Towards Land Ownership
The influence of Henry George on the Shakers has been misunderstood. The most prominent late nineteenth century Shaker elder was Frederick W. Evans, brother of George Henry Evans, the land reformer of the second quarter of the century. Similarities in the programs of G. H. Evans and Henry George have been recognized, but the two proposed different kinds of land reforms. Evans promoted quantitative restrictions on land ownership, while George was …
Standards of the Present for People of the Past: Height, Weight, and Mortality among Men of Amherst College, 1834-1949
Whether anthropometric-mortality risk relationships as found in present day populations also characterized past populations is disputed. This article finds U-shaped body mass index (BMI)-mortality risk relationships among nineteenth-century men that were similar to such relationships as found in twentieth-century men. No relationship between height and mortality could be detected. This article infers from the socioeconomic homogeneity of the samp…
Bastardy in South Germany Revisited: An Anthropometric Synthesis
Bastardy in South Germany Revisited: An Anthropometric Synthesis Twenty years ago, in these pages, a debate proceeded concerning the status of children who were born to unmarried parents in nineteenth-century Bavaria. The disputants associated the causes and effects of the well-established increase in bastardy with differences in well-being between the illegitimately and the legitimately born. Lee approached the problem by proposing several possi…
Generation(s) of Human Capital: Literacy in American Families, 1830-1875
Generation(s) of Human Capital: Literacy in American Families, I830-I875 That human capital has played a critical role in the development of the American economy is generally accepted. Investments in people paid a handsome return through a productive and mobile work force. One indication of these investments in human capital was a growing proportion of both men and women who showed the most rudimentary skill-the ability to sign their name, rather…
Organization and Distributional Equality in a Network of Communes: The Shakers
A distinctive feature of the Shaker organization of communes was to divide each commune into economically independent subdivisions called "Families." Although the sharing of wealth and egalitarian distribution of output were integral aspects of Shaker religious practice, the organization of their communes based on the Family system led to inequalities among Families. The data from the 1850, 1860, and 1870 US Census enumeration schedules show that…
Productivity of a Commune: The Shakers, 1850–1880
Focusing on a religious commune known as the Shakers and utilizing the information recorded in the enumeration schedules of the U.S. manufacturing and agriculture censuses, this article estimates the productivities of Shaker enterprises and compares them with those of other producers randomly selected from the same data source. The results provide support to the contention that communes need not always suffer from reduced productivity. Shaker far…
The Contributions of Early Health-Insurance Programs to Mortality Declines in Pre-World War I Europe: Evidence from Fixed-Effects Models
Women's Stature and Marriage Markets in Preindustrial Bavaria
The authors investigate marital patterns among Bavarian women born 1819 to 1886. In particular, Becker's hypothesis concerning heights and probability of marriage, namely, that likes tend to marry likes, is considered. The authors find to the contrary that the shortest women were at a distinct disadvantage in the marriage market. Other characteristics that lowered the probability of ever marrying included birth in northern Bavaria, lower class st…
Between God and Market: Influences of Economy and Spirit on Shaker Communal Dairying, 1830-1875
By our late-twentieth-century experience, survival of an economy seems critically dependent on well-established rights to private property and a return to labor that rewards greater effort. But that need not be so. History provides examples of microsocialist economies that, internally at least, did not use prices to allocate resources, allowed for little private property for participants, and provided a constant return to labor independent of eff…
Marital protection and marital selection: Evidence from a historical-prospective sample of American men
Whether marriage causes people to live longer or whether healthier people select into marriage is an open question. In this study I followed a sample of men from age 18 to first marriage and ultimately to death. Health in early adulthood was represented by height and weight around age 20. The probability of ever marrying and the conditional probability of marriage in a given time period were lower for smaller men and greater for larger men. Marri…
Marital Protection and Marital Selection: Evidence from a Historical-Prospective Sample of American Men
Whether marriage causes people to live longer or whether healthier people select into marriage is an open question. In this study I followed a sample of men from age 18 to first marriage and ultimately to death. Health in early adulthood was represented by height and weight around age 20. The probability of ever marrying and the conditional probability of marriage in a given time period were lower for smaller men and greater for larger men. Marri…
Heights of Men and Women in 19th-Century Bavaria: Economic, Nutritional, and Disease Influences
Communal Viability and Employment of Non-Member Labor: Testing Hypotheses with Historical Data
A well developed body of theory associates the employment of non-member labor by collective organisations with their eventual dissolution. Manuscript and published data on hiring of outside laborers by nineteenth century American religious communes allows for tests of two propositions taken from this literature: that employment of non-members increased over time and that such employment was responsible for the communes' eventual demise. The first…
Involuntary childlessness and voluntary fertility control during the fertility transition: Evidence from men who graduated from an American college
Influences on the fertility of men during the American fertility decline are examined using a sample of about 1700 married men born between 1830 and 1880, all of whom attended Amherst College, Massachusetts. We consider two types of reduced fertility: involuntary childlessness as a function of health in early adulthood, and voluntary fertility control as a function of access to contraceptive technology. The relation between health, as measured by…
Markets for Children in Early America: A Political Economy of Pauper Apprenticeship
After beginning as a kind of outdoor poor relief, long-term indenture of poor children evolved into a specialized form of craft apprenticeship. Analysis of indenture terms indicates that relationships between end payments (“freedom dues”) and education and training clauses varied by region. In Boston, education and training clauses were associated negatively with freedom-dues clauses, but in Rhode Island and Charleston the relationship was positi…
Chinese–filipino Wage Differentials in Early-Twentieth-Century Manila
Racial or ethnic wage differentials are common in labor markets composed of easily identifiable groups. This article analyzes a rare source of historical wage data for nonwhite populations. An American labor-market survey of Manila in 1900 revealed that average Chinese wages were about a third higher than Filipino wages. This differential appears to have been in large part an overtime premium that compensated Chinese for their longer workdays; pa…
Effects of early health-insurance programs on European mortality and fertility trends
Fates of Orphans: Poor Children in Antebellum Charleston
The circumstances of children upon leaving the Charleston Orphan House were strongly influenced by their circumstances upon arriving. Most of these children were bound out as apprentices after a few years; a large, and growing, minority of them returned to their families; and others died or ran away from the institution. Those with widowed mothers who maintained close ties with them-as evidenced by the children's literacy-were most likely to resu…
Literacy Acquisition in an Orphanage: A Historical‐Longitudinal Case Study
How and when children acquire the ability to read and write are questions of considerable interest. This essay uses a simple marker that has been closely examined in the historical literature, the ability to sign one’s name, to study circumstances of literacy learning in a sample of 782 children that dates from about two centuries ago. Few children had learned to write upon entrance to the orphanage that produced these records, the Charleston, So…
Male–female earnings differentials in early 20th century Manila
Family, Literacy, and Skill Training in the Antebellum South: Historical-Longitudinal Evidence from Charleston
Using individual measures of adult and child literacy, this article examines human capital acquisition in one Southern city, Charleston, 1790-1840. White adult literacy rates differed greatly by sex and class and rose gradually over time. Mothers played a critical role in human capital transmission in early childhood and long after children had left their care. Both relatively recent literacy acquisition and early childhood family structure influ…
Economics (21 obras) · Sociology (14 obras) · Historical Economic and Social Studies (13 obras) · Political science (12 obras) · Demography (11 obras) · Demographic economics (10 obras) · Economic growth (10 obras) · Geography (10 obras) · Labour economics (8 obras) · Law (8 obras)