David M Lewis
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3631463 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | David M Lewis |
| NOMBRES | David M |
| APELLIDO | Lewis |
| FIRMA | LEWIS D M |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Edinburgh |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7396-9793 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 122 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 455 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 120 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1953 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Thinking with Slavery
The title of this chapter requires some explanation. Our subject is not thinking about slavery—that is, abstract intellectual reflection on the matter. By ‘thinking with slavery’, we mean the much more widespread use of slavery as an analogy or metaphor to think about other relationships or conditions. This chapter explores the use of slavery as an analogy or metaphor to think about other kinds of relationship or condition in Greco-Roman culture,…
Greek Slavery and Honour
good reason. 1 The lexicon of slavery in Greek is extensive, and the precise meanings of these terms have been the subject of debate since antiquity (e.g.Athen.Deip.6, 262b-275b; Poll.Onom.3.73-83). 2If that were not complicated enough, the most common of Greek slave words, doulos, along with its derivatives (e.g.doulosyn, douleia, doulios, doulikos, doulopreps etc.) and antonym (eleutheros), can equally be said to have had altogether too many us…
Whither the Study of Ancient Mediterranean Slavery? On Joly and Knust’s Second Slavery
This commentary responds to the critique by Joly and Knust of M.I. Finley's binary concept of 'slave society' versus 'society with slaves', and to their 'new methodological alternative' of a first and second slavery. Whilst agreeing with much of the substance of their critique of Finley, and on the utility of a phasal model of a first and second slavery, this commentary underscores some potential pitfalls of this new alternative; it also highligh…
The Local Slave Systems of Ancient Greece
This chapter explores slavery in the Greek world beyond Athens through a series of regional case studies: Thessaly, West Locris, Heraclea Pontica, and Chios. It stresses the diversity of regional economic and legal conditions that shaped the parameters of local slave experiences and is prefaced by an analysis of the legal status of forced labour systems in certain regions of the Greek world (including Thessaly, West Locris, and Heraclea Pontica) …
(Re)producing Slaves
This chapter offers a broad survey of the range of social and economic variables that shaped the dynamics of the demography of the slave population of the ancient Greek and Roman worlds. As such, it covers a vast extent of time and space but in the process attempts to establish general trends while also focusing on particular points of significance and interest. Emphasis is placed on the relative roles of reproduction and of external supply; the …
A Cargo of Slaves? Demosthenes 34.10
Existing studies of the ancient Greek slave trade lack detailed evidence for a key link in the supply chain. The geographical origins of non-Greek slaves are well known, as are the various destinations to which they were trafficked; as yet, however, little is known about their transport by sea. This article shows that a key testimonium for this phase of the trade has been lying unnoticed under historians’ noses: Demosthenes 34.10, a passage that …
Gortyn, Law Collection of
The law collection of Gortyn is dated to the middle of the fifth century bce and contains sections about marriage, property, inheritance, adoption, and other matters. These laws are organized by substantive categories and contain little about legal procedure.
Labor and Employment
This chapter studies working life at Athens, sketching the range of occupations in the Athenian economy, from farming in the countryside to artisans, vendors, and purveyors of services in the city.
Labour Specialization in the Athenian Economy
This chapter aims to establish a lower limit to the possible extent of horizontal specialization in the economy of classical Athens; in other words, the minimum plausible number of specialized jobs to do with production, exchange, and services. This exercise shows that even with a mindset sceptical to the idea of specialization, there cannot realistically have been fewer than 162 specialized full-time occupations in classical Attica. This demonst…
Misthos, Apophora, or Something Else
Skilled Labour and Professionalism in Ancient Greece and Rome
The introduction offers a definition of skilled labour and professionalism and considers the importance of these concepts for our study of ancient society and its economy
Disability-Disaggregated Data Collection
Disability-disaggregated data are increasingly considered important to monitor progress in Universal Eye Health Care. Hospital-based data are still elusive because of the cultural ambiguities of the term disability, especially in under-resourced Health Information Systems in low-and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the hospital-based rate of disability in patients presenting at an eye department of a rural hospital i…
Piracy and Slave Trading in Action in Classical and Hellenistic Greece
Most slaves in the Greek world were imported non-Greeks and their offspring. Yet little is known of the entry into slavery of individuals from the non-Greek periphery. Far more promising for studying entry into slavery is a less numerically significant process, piracy, where the capture and sale of individuals – mainly Greeks - is extensively documented. Piracy was both a form of labour in itself, and a means of acquiring labour. The aim of this …
Differentials in the Magnitude of Slaveholding
This chapter aims to explain the differing patterns of exploitation of slaves sketched in Chapters 5–13. It sets out a model of labour choice that draws on recent work, then fine-tunes it by adding two further variables: political geography and economic geography, which structured the location of demand and supply for slave labour and the resultant transport costs. It examines the effects of slave trading on supplier zones and argues that the dem…
Introduction and Brief History of the Issue
This book presents a case for radically reassessing our picture of ancient Greek slavery in its contemporary Mediterranean context. The standard view in classical scholarship holds that Greece (by which Athens is usually meant) and Rome were the only ‘genuine slave societies’ of the ancient world. Failing to attain to this dubious honour, other ancient slave systems (often labelled ‘societies with slaves’) thus recede into the background, with tw…
Classical Crete
This chapter continues the analysis of Chapter 6 by focusing on slavery in classical Crete. Ancient writers from Aristotle onwards compared the system of dependent labour in Crete to Sparta’s helots. This chapter tests whether or not the traditional view—that these dependants were serfs—stands up to a detailed scrutiny of the evidence. By looking at Crete’s legal inscriptions, particularly those of the polis of Gortyn, we can see that these depen…
Classical Attica
This chapter analyses the contribution of slave labour to Athens’ citizenry during the classical period. It shows how slaves were distributed across the wealth spectrum and the role of market exchange in providing ready access to slaves at low prices. The second part of the chapter analyses the contribution of slave labour to the liturgical class and shows that although slavery was indispensable to elite income, it played a less dominant role for…
Classical and Near Eastern Slavery in the First Millennium bce
Twentieth-century scholarship, guided in particular by the views of M. I. Finley, saw Greece and Rome as the only true ‘slave societies’ of antiquity: slavery in the Near East was of minor economic significance. Finley also believed that the lack of a concept of ‘freedom’ in the Near East made slavery difficult to distinguish from other shades of ‘unfreedom’. This chapter shows that in the Near East the legal status of slaves and the ability to m…
Slave Societies, Societies with Slaves
This chapter analyses the common distinction in slavery studies between ‘slave societies’ and ‘societies with slaves’. It looks at the various proposals for how to conceptualize these categories, and considers their relative advantages and disadvantages. It shows how a mechanical application of this approach will invariably result in a black-and-white picture, and that this approach fails to take into consideration differing levels of knowledge a…
The Riddle of Freedom
This chapter looks at the concept of freedom and its articulation in ancient Greek texts. It shows that in the Homeric period, the terminology of slavery and freedom was used only for personal status. In the centuries that followed, these terms were appropriated and applied metaphorically to a variety of asymmetrical power relationships. However, Greeks were able to maintain clear distinctions between slavery as a legal concept and slavery as a m…
Ownership and the Articulation of Slave Status in Greek and Near Eastern Legal Practice
This chapter reviews the various approaches scholars have taken to defining slavery in a global perspective. It proceeds to set out a legal methodology for understanding slave status in comparative perspective. It engages with several critiques of this approach, showing how they are misplaced and reaffirming the importance of legal ownership to the definition of slavery. Two case studies are provided to give empirical confirmation of this theoret…
Punic Carthage
This chapter examines the legal position and economic role of slaves in Punic Carthage. First, through an examination of the evidence of Graeco-Roman and Punic sources, it shows that Finley was mistaken to dismiss Carthage as relying on non-slave dependants and that slavery was an important institution at Carthage. Second, this chapter looks at the evidence for large-scale exploitation of slave labour in Carthage’s large agricultural hinterland a…
Helotic Slavery in Classical Sparta
This chapter explores the slave system of classical Sparta, known to modern scholars as helotage. The bulk of the chapter is devoted to a detailed demonstration that the helots were privately owned slaves, not communally controlled serfs. The second part of the chapter endeavours to account for the institutional features of helotage by contextualizing it in terms of Sparta’s broader institutional features and cultural mores. The third part of the…
The Archaic Greek World
This chapter examines the role of slavery in the worlds of Homer and of Hesiod, and asks what historical conditions these portrayals might reflect. It provides a critique of the current orthodoxy, developed by M. I. Finley, which holds that the emergence of a ‘slave society’ in Greece occurred in the sixth century BC. Slavery is shown to have underpinned elite fortunes at least as early as 700 BC. A different model of the evolution of slavery in …
Greek Slave Systems in their Eastern Mediterranean Context, c.800-146 BC
The orthodox view of ancient Mediterranean slavery holds that Greece and Rome were the only ‘genuine slave societies’ of the ancient world, that is, societies in which slave labour contributed significantly to the economy and underpinned the wealth of elites. Other societies, labelled as ‘societies with slaves’, apparently made little use of slave labour, and have therefore been largely ignored in recent work. Greek Slave Systems in their Eastern…
The dramatic festivals of Athens
The lesser festivals the great or city Dionysia the actors the costumes the chorus the audience the artists of Dionysus
Sparta and Persia
A Selection of Greek historical inscriptions to the end of the fifth century B.C.
This revised edition of Meiggs and Lewis's standard selection (first published in 1969) includes ninety-five texts covering the period from 750 B.C. through the end of the Peloponnesian War in 404 B.C. A new addenda and concordance bring the book completely up to date.
The Decrees of the Greek States
The many states of the ancient greek world were governed by small councils and assemblies of adult male citizens. The decisions of these bodies took the form of decrees. This book collects the evidence for decrees, many of which were inscribed on stone or metal, or appear in literary texts - either directly quoted, or indirectly reported. This evidence is used by Professor Rhodes, with Professor Lewis, to study the decision-making procedures of t…
Greek Slave Systems in their Eastern Mediterranean Context, c.800-146 BC
The orthodox view of ancient Mediterranean slavery holds that Greece and Rome were the only ‘genuine slave societies’ of the ancient world, that is, societies in which slave labour contributed significantly to the economy and underpinned the wealth of elites. Other societies, labelled as ‘societies with slaves’, apparently made little use of slave labour, and have therefore been largely ignored in recent work. Greek Slave Systems in their Eastern…
Dedications of Phialai at Athens
Attic Manumissions
Athens Honors King Euagoras of Salamis
Law on the Lesser Panathenaia
Piracy and Slave Trading in Action in Classical and Hellenistic Greece
Most slaves in the Greek world were imported non-Greeks and their offspring. Yet little is known of the entry into slavery of individuals from the non-Greek periphery. Far more promising for studying entry into slavery is a less numerically significant process, piracy, where the capture and sale of individuals – mainly Greeks - is extensively documented. Piracy was both a form of labour in itself, and a means of acquiring labour. The aim of this …
Selected Papers in Greek and near Eastern History
The Hypothesis of Intersocietal Similarity in Occupational Prestige Hierarchies
Notes on attic Inscriptions (II)
Papademetriou, in publishing a new grave-inscription from Zographo, has propounded a theory which, if true, has important consequences for our understanding of Attic comedy in general and of the Lysistrata of Aristophanes in particular. For convenience I reprint the text with two slight modifications. In l. 4 the stone has ΜΥΡΡΙΝΕΗΚΛΗΘΗ I prefer to assume that the stone-cutter, uncertain of the correct use of eta ( cf. πρώτε and Νίκες in l. 5), h…
A Cargo of Slaves? Demosthenes 34.10
Existing studies of the ancient Greek slave trade lack detailed evidence for a key link in the supply chain. The geographical origins of non-Greek slaves are well known, as are the various destinations to which they were trafficked; as yet, however, little is known about their transport by sea. This article shows that a key testimonium for this phase of the trade has been lying unnoticed under historians’ noses: Demosthenes 34.10, a passage that …
The Athenian tribute-quota lists, 453–450 BC
The Athenian tribute-quota lists for the years 453–449 BC are reexamined in the light of two new fragments. The most important question is the reason for the failure of various states to appear in them. The author rejects the view that these absences are due to epigraphic chance, doubts whether many of the states were still providing ships, and argues again that there was substantial disaffection in the empire during the period
The Urbanization of Japanese Labor, 1868-1955
Athens and Troizen
Notes on Attic Inscriptions
IG I 2 80 +; Paton, The Erechtheum (1927), 449–450; Wade-Gery, JHS LI (1931), 82; Ferguson, Treasurers of Athena 176; Dinsmoor, AJA XXXVI (1932), 312; Deubner, Attische Feste 19; SEG X 28; Raubitschek, Dedications from the Athenian Akropolis 323. The editio minor publication of this decree curiously failed to take into account Wilhelm's discussion of its epigraphical problems. The facts were correctly stated by him. Fragment b has its left margin…
The dramatic festivals of Athens
The lesser festivals the great or city Dionysia the actors the costumes the chorus the audience the artists of Dionysus
Notes on Attic Inscriptions
IG I 2 80 +; Paton, The Erechtheum (1927), 449–450; Wade-Gery, JHS LI (1931), 82; Ferguson, Treasurers of Athena 176; Dinsmoor, AJA XXXVI (1932), 312; Deubner, Attische Feste 19; SEG X 28; Raubitschek, Dedications from the Athenian Akropolis 323. The editio minor publication of this decree curiously failed to take into account Wilhelm's discussion of its epigraphical problems. The facts were correctly stated by him. Fragment b has its left margin…
Notes on attic Inscriptions (II)
Papademetriou, in publishing a new grave-inscription from Zographo, has propounded a theory which, if true, has important consequences for our understanding of Attic comedy in general and of the Lysistrata of Aristophanes in particular. For convenience I reprint the text with two slight modifications. In l. 4 the stone has ΜΥΡΡΙΝΕΗΚΛΗΘΗ I prefer to assume that the stone-cutter, uncertain of the correct use of eta ( cf. πρώτε and Νίκες in l. 5), h…
The Public Seal of Athens
PROFESSOR WALLACE has raised some most interesting questions in his article on this subject,1 but I am not altogether happy about some of his answers. He has generously asked me to raise my doubts in public. If they stimulate anyone to further comment or investigation, we will both be very glad. First, what does avupl3oXov mean? Its primary meaning is quite clear from its etymology and the passages collected in Liddell and Scott. Something is bro…
The Deme Ikarion
First, thanks to two kindly critics, some modifications have to be made in my discussion of Attic neuter plural demes ( BSA 1 (1955) 13). I should have quoted Steph. Byz. s.v. Στειριὰ . . . θηλυκῶς καὶ οὐδετὲρως to illustrate the possibility of doubt between feminine singular and neuter plural. Note that the form Στειριὰνδε given in Meineke's text is an emendation for the MS. Στειριὰδε This last is clearly wrong, but Στειριὰδε is at least as poss…
Law on the Lesser Panathenaia
Attic Manumissions
Athens and Troizen
Apollo Delios
The fragment which I publish here by the kind permission of Dr. J. Papademetriou lies in the courtyard of the Piraeus Museum. Of its origins nothing can be said. It does not appear in the Museum inventory, and all that can be affirmed for certain is that it was already in the Museum in January 1937, when Mr. J. G. Griffith made a squeeze which is now in the Ashmolean Museum. This squeeze besides its chronological value is also helpful, in that it…
The federal constitution of Keos
No fewer than three of the inscriptions in the second volume of Dr. Tod's Greek Historical Inscriptions are directly concerned with Keos, and this encourages me to hope that he may find interest in this investigation. It arises from an inscription from Ioulis, published by Dunant and Thomopoulos, which is a close parallel to IG xii. 5. 594 ( GHI 141), the sympolity-treaty between Keos and Hestiaia. It is nearly certainly a treaty with Eretria. It…
The Hypothesis of Intersocietal Similarity in Occupational Prestige Hierarchies
Dedications of Phialai at Athens
The Urbanization of Japanese Labor, 1868-1955
A TST Based Technique for the Study of Self-Disclosure
THE self concept occupies a major place in the theoretical and research orientations of contemporary sociologists. The work of Cooley and Mead have stimulated the theory and research focusing on a view of the social self, which can be generally defined as: . . that organization of qualities that the individual attributes to (Kinch, 1963). This conceptualization of the self has been effectively examined through the use of the Twenty Statements Tes…
Bibliography of A. M. Woodward
The compiler has marked with an asterisk those book-reviews which contain substantial original material or seem particularly characteristic of their author
Greek Inscriptions from the Athenian Agora
1 (P1. 85). Fragment of Pentelic marble, broken on all sides, found on February 28, 1935, in a modern context east of the South Square at its northeast corner (P 13). The top was originally reported as preserved, but it does not look original to me. Height, 0.109 m.; width ca. 0.095 m.; thickness 0.079 m. Height of letters, 0.011 m. Lines 2-5 were cut in a stoichedon pattern, roughly measurable as a vertical checker of 0.0175 m. and a horizontal …
Chapter One
Preliminary Material
Chapter Six
Chapter Three
Chapter Five
Chapter Two
Abbreviations
Chapter Four
Sparta and Persia
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