Lev Michael
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3636287 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Lev Michael |
| NOMBRES | Lev |
| APELLIDO | Michael |
| FIRMA | MICHAEL L |
| AFILIACIONES | University of California, Berkeley |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9612-5996 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 18 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 72 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 18 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2001 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2020 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
The Classification of South American Languages
With some 108 independent genealogical units, South America is the linguistically most diverse region of our planet and presents a particular challenge to linguists seeking to understand the genealogical relationships among human languages. Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in the internal classification of South American language families, and this article provides a critical overview of research in this very active area, focusing …
Computational phylogenetics and the classification of South American languages
In recent years, South Americanist linguists have embraced computational phylogenetic methods to resolve the numerous outstanding questions about the genealogical relationships among the languages of the continent. We provide a critical review of the methods and language classification results that have accumulated thus far, emphasizing the superiority of character-based methods over distance-based ones and the importance of developing adequate c…
Phylogenetic classification supports a Northeastern Amazonian Proto-Tupí-Guaraní Homeland
The question of where Proto-Tupí-Guaraní (PTG) was spoken has been a point of considerable debate. Both northeastern and southwestern Amazonian homelands having been proposed, with evidence from both archaeology and linguistic classification playing key roles in this debate. In this paper we demonstrate that the application of linguistic migration theory to a recent phylogenetic classification of the Tupí-Guaraní family lends strong support to a …
Language Revalorization in Peruvian Amazonia, Through the Lens of Iquito
This chapter describes efforts to revitalize Iquito, a highly endangered Zaparoan language of Peruvian Amazonia, and in doing so illustrates key issues that often affect language vitality, research, and revitalization work in the Amazon region more generally. We describe the principal historical and social factors that led to the highly endangered status of the language and the perceived need for revitalization work; and we discuss our involvemen…
Iquito
Matsigenka
A Bayesian Phylogenetic Classification of Tupí-Guaraní
This paper presents an internal classification of Tupí-Guaraní based on lexical data from 30 Tupí-Guaraní languages and 2 non-Tupí-Guaraní Tupian languages, Awetí and Mawé. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis using a generalized binary cognate gain and loss model was carried out on a character table based on the binary coding of cognate sets, which were formed with attention to semantic shift. The classification shows greater internal structure than…
A Relaxed Admixture Model of Language Contact
Under conditions of language contact, a language may gain features from its neighbors that it is unlikely to have gained endogenously. We describe a method for evaluating pairs of languages for potential contact by comparing a null hypothesis, in which a target language obtained all its features by inheritance, with an alternative hypothesis in which the target language obtained its features via inheritance and via contact with a proposed donor l…
Exploring Phonological Areality in the Circum-Andean Region Using a Naive Bayes Classifier
This paper describes the Core and Periphery technique: a quantitative method for exploring areality that uses a naive Bayes classifier, a statistical tool for inferring class membership based on training sets assembled from members of the classes in question. The Core and Periphery technique is applied to the exploration of phonological areality in the Andes and surrounding lowland regions, based on the South American Phonological Inventory Datab…
On the Pre-Columbian Origin of Proto-Omagua-Kokama
Cabral (1995, 2007, 2011) and Cabral and Rodrigues (2003) established that Kokama and Omagua, closely-related indigenous languages spoken in Peruvian and Brazilian Amazonia, emerged as the result of intense language contact between speakers of a Tupí-Guaraní language and speakers of non-Tupí-Guaraní languages. Cabral (1995, 2007) further argued that the language contact which led to the development of Kokama and Omagua transpired in the late 17th…
A Sketch of Muniche Segmental and Prosodic Phonology
This paper presents a description of the segmental and prosodic phonology of Muniche, a critically endangered Peruvian Amazonian isolate. Using data from team-based fieldwork with a group of rememberers of Muniche, this paper describes the segmental inventory, syllable structure, and stress system of the language, plus a number of prosodically motivated epenthetic processes. A historical overview of the language and its contact with neighboring K…
Nanti self-quotation
This paper describes two quotation strategies employed by speakers of Nanti, one involving grammaticalized quotatives and another involving complement-taking verbs of saying, and examines the consequences of the pragmatic differences between these strategies for two key questions in the study of evidentiality: first, the importance of degree of grammaticalization in delimiting ‘evidentials’; and second, the importance of the analytical distinctio…
Evidentials and evidential strategies in interactional and socio-cultural context
Although the grammar of evidential has revived significant descriptive, typological, and theoretical attention to since the 1980s (see surveys in Aikhenvald 2004 and Speas 2008), attention to this grammatical and functional category from scholars interested in the social, cultural, and interactional aspects of language has been more sporadic and less systematizing in nature ( see e.g., Agha 2002, Atkinson 1999, Chafe 1986, Clift 2003, Fox 2001, H…
The Iquito Language Documentation Project
Poster from the 2006 LSA annual meeting
Iterative footing and prominence-driven stress in Nanti (Kampa)
In this article we describe and develop an optimality-theoretic (OT) analysis of foot-level (secondary) and word-level (primary) stress in Nanti, a Kampa language of Peru. The distribution of stress in Nanti is sensitive to rhythmic factors, syllable quantity, vowel quality, and to whether a syllable is open or closed. The interaction of these independent variables produces a complex, multigrade stress scale married to an iterative stress system …
El estatus sintáctico de marcadores de persona en el idioma nanti (campa, arawak)
Este artículo pretende analizar el estatus sintáctico de los marcadores de persona en el idioma nanti, enfocándose en los marcadores de sujeto. La meta de este análisis es escoger entre dos tipos de análisis posibles de estos marcadores. El primer tipo de análisis propone que, los marcadores de persona no son argumentos del verbo, sino una forma de concordancia o morfología anafórica que hace referencia a frases nominales independientes. El segun…
Discourse Forms and Processes in Indigenous Lowland South America
In indigenous lowland South America there are several discourse forms and processes that are shared by groups of people of distinct genetic linguistic affiliations; this leads us to posit this large region, which we label greater Amazonia, as a discourse area, a concept that parallels the notion of linguistic area. The discourse forms and processes we examine are ceremonial dialogue, dialogical performance, templatic ratifying, echo speech, cerem…
Speech Reporting Practices and Subjectives
Discourse Forms and Processes in Indigenous Lowland South America
In indigenous lowland South America there are several discourse forms and processes that are shared by groups of people of distinct genetic linguistic affiliations; this leads us to posit this large region, which we label greater Amazonia, as a discourse area, a concept that parallels the notion of linguistic area. The discourse forms and processes we examine are ceremonial dialogue, dialogical performance, templatic ratifying, echo speech, cerem…
A Sketch of Muniche Segmental and Prosodic Phonology
This paper presents a description of the segmental and prosodic phonology of Muniche, a critically endangered Peruvian Amazonian isolate. Using data from team-based fieldwork with a group of rememberers of Muniche, this paper describes the segmental inventory, syllable structure, and stress system of the language, plus a number of prosodically motivated epenthetic processes. A historical overview of the language and its contact with neighboring K…
A Bayesian Phylogenetic Classification of Tupí-Guaraní
This paper presents an internal classification of Tupí-Guaraní based on lexical data from 30 Tupí-Guaraní languages and 2 non-Tupí-Guaraní Tupian languages, Awetí and Mawé. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis using a generalized binary cognate gain and loss model was carried out on a character table based on the binary coding of cognate sets, which were formed with attention to semantic shift. The classification shows greater internal structure than…
Iterative footing and prominence-driven stress in Nanti (Kampa)
In this article we describe and develop an optimality-theoretic (OT) analysis of foot-level (secondary) and word-level (primary) stress in Nanti, a Kampa language of Peru. The distribution of stress in Nanti is sensitive to rhythmic factors, syllable quantity, vowel quality, and to whether a syllable is open or closed. The interaction of these independent variables produces a complex, multigrade stress scale married to an iterative stress system …
On the Pre-Columbian Origin of Proto-Omagua-Kokama
Cabral (1995, 2007, 2011) and Cabral and Rodrigues (2003) established that Kokama and Omagua, closely-related indigenous languages spoken in Peruvian and Brazilian Amazonia, emerged as the result of intense language contact between speakers of a Tupí-Guaraní language and speakers of non-Tupí-Guaraní languages. Cabral (1995, 2007) further argued that the language contact which led to the development of Kokama and Omagua transpired in the late 17th…
The Classification of South American Languages
With some 108 independent genealogical units, South America is the linguistically most diverse region of our planet and presents a particular challenge to linguists seeking to understand the genealogical relationships among human languages. Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in the internal classification of South American language families, and this article provides a critical overview of research in this very active area, focusing …
Computational phylogenetics and the classification of South American languages
In recent years, South Americanist linguists have embraced computational phylogenetic methods to resolve the numerous outstanding questions about the genealogical relationships among the languages of the continent. We provide a critical review of the methods and language classification results that have accumulated thus far, emphasizing the superiority of character-based methods over distance-based ones and the importance of developing adequate c…
Phylogenetic classification supports a Northeastern Amazonian Proto-Tupí-Guaraní Homeland
The question of where Proto-Tupí-Guaraní (PTG) was spoken has been a point of considerable debate. Both northeastern and southwestern Amazonian homelands having been proposed, with evidence from both archaeology and linguistic classification playing key roles in this debate. In this paper we demonstrate that the application of linguistic migration theory to a recent phylogenetic classification of the Tupí-Guaraní family lends strong support to a …
Speech Reporting Practices and Subjectives
Discourse Forms and Processes in Indigenous Lowland South America
In indigenous lowland South America there are several discourse forms and processes that are shared by groups of people of distinct genetic linguistic affiliations; this leads us to posit this large region, which we label greater Amazonia, as a discourse area, a concept that parallels the notion of linguistic area. The discourse forms and processes we examine are ceremonial dialogue, dialogical performance, templatic ratifying, echo speech, cerem…
El estatus sintáctico de marcadores de persona en el idioma nanti (campa, arawak)
Este artículo pretende analizar el estatus sintáctico de los marcadores de persona en el idioma nanti, enfocándose en los marcadores de sujeto. La meta de este análisis es escoger entre dos tipos de análisis posibles de estos marcadores. El primer tipo de análisis propone que, los marcadores de persona no son argumentos del verbo, sino una forma de concordancia o morfología anafórica que hace referencia a frases nominales independientes. El segun…
Iterative footing and prominence-driven stress in Nanti (Kampa)
In this article we describe and develop an optimality-theoretic (OT) analysis of foot-level (secondary) and word-level (primary) stress in Nanti, a Kampa language of Peru. The distribution of stress in Nanti is sensitive to rhythmic factors, syllable quantity, vowel quality, and to whether a syllable is open or closed. The interaction of these independent variables produces a complex, multigrade stress scale married to an iterative stress system …
The Iquito Language Documentation Project
Poster from the 2006 LSA annual meeting
Nanti self-quotation
This paper describes two quotation strategies employed by speakers of Nanti, one involving grammaticalized quotatives and another involving complement-taking verbs of saying, and examines the consequences of the pragmatic differences between these strategies for two key questions in the study of evidentiality: first, the importance of degree of grammaticalization in delimiting ‘evidentials’; and second, the importance of the analytical distinctio…
Evidentials and evidential strategies in interactional and socio-cultural context
Although the grammar of evidential has revived significant descriptive, typological, and theoretical attention to since the 1980s (see surveys in Aikhenvald 2004 and Speas 2008), attention to this grammatical and functional category from scholars interested in the social, cultural, and interactional aspects of language has been more sporadic and less systematizing in nature ( see e.g., Agha 2002, Atkinson 1999, Chafe 1986, Clift 2003, Fox 2001, H…
A Sketch of Muniche Segmental and Prosodic Phonology
This paper presents a description of the segmental and prosodic phonology of Muniche, a critically endangered Peruvian Amazonian isolate. Using data from team-based fieldwork with a group of rememberers of Muniche, this paper describes the segmental inventory, syllable structure, and stress system of the language, plus a number of prosodically motivated epenthetic processes. A historical overview of the language and its contact with neighboring K…
A Relaxed Admixture Model of Language Contact
Under conditions of language contact, a language may gain features from its neighbors that it is unlikely to have gained endogenously. We describe a method for evaluating pairs of languages for potential contact by comparing a null hypothesis, in which a target language obtained all its features by inheritance, with an alternative hypothesis in which the target language obtained its features via inheritance and via contact with a proposed donor l…
Exploring Phonological Areality in the Circum-Andean Region Using a Naive Bayes Classifier
This paper describes the Core and Periphery technique: a quantitative method for exploring areality that uses a naive Bayes classifier, a statistical tool for inferring class membership based on training sets assembled from members of the classes in question. The Core and Periphery technique is applied to the exploration of phonological areality in the Andes and surrounding lowland regions, based on the South American Phonological Inventory Datab…
On the Pre-Columbian Origin of Proto-Omagua-Kokama
Cabral (1995, 2007, 2011) and Cabral and Rodrigues (2003) established that Kokama and Omagua, closely-related indigenous languages spoken in Peruvian and Brazilian Amazonia, emerged as the result of intense language contact between speakers of a Tupí-Guaraní language and speakers of non-Tupí-Guaraní languages. Cabral (1995, 2007) further argued that the language contact which led to the development of Kokama and Omagua transpired in the late 17th…
A Bayesian Phylogenetic Classification of Tupí-Guaraní
This paper presents an internal classification of Tupí-Guaraní based on lexical data from 30 Tupí-Guaraní languages and 2 non-Tupí-Guaraní Tupian languages, Awetí and Mawé. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis using a generalized binary cognate gain and loss model was carried out on a character table based on the binary coding of cognate sets, which were formed with attention to semantic shift. The classification shows greater internal structure than…
Language Revalorization in Peruvian Amazonia, Through the Lens of Iquito
This chapter describes efforts to revitalize Iquito, a highly endangered Zaparoan language of Peruvian Amazonia, and in doing so illustrates key issues that often affect language vitality, research, and revitalization work in the Amazon region more generally. We describe the principal historical and social factors that led to the highly endangered status of the language and the perceived need for revitalization work; and we discuss our involvemen…
Iquito
Matsigenka
Computational phylogenetics and the classification of South American languages
In recent years, South Americanist linguists have embraced computational phylogenetic methods to resolve the numerous outstanding questions about the genealogical relationships among the languages of the continent. We provide a critical review of the methods and language classification results that have accumulated thus far, emphasizing the superiority of character-based methods over distance-based ones and the importance of developing adequate c…
Phylogenetic classification supports a Northeastern Amazonian Proto-Tupí-Guaraní Homeland
The question of where Proto-Tupí-Guaraní (PTG) was spoken has been a point of considerable debate. Both northeastern and southwestern Amazonian homelands having been proposed, with evidence from both archaeology and linguistic classification playing key roles in this debate. In this paper we demonstrate that the application of linguistic migration theory to a recent phylogenetic classification of the Tupí-Guaraní family lends strong support to a …
The Classification of South American Languages
With some 108 independent genealogical units, South America is the linguistically most diverse region of our planet and presents a particular challenge to linguists seeking to understand the genealogical relationships among human languages. Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in the internal classification of South American language families, and this article provides a critical overview of research in this very active area, focusing …
Linguistics (13 obras) · Computer Science (10 obras) · Philosophy (10 obras) · Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation (9 obras) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (8 obras) · History (7 obras) · Language and cultural evolution (6 obras) · Biology (5 obras) · History (5 obras) · Psychology (5 obras)