Jennifer Wiley
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3655649 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Jennifer Wiley |
| NOMBRES | Jennifer |
| APELLIDO | Wiley |
| FIRMA | WILEY J |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Illinois Chicago |
| ORCID | 0009-0007-7846-7240 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 36 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 125 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 36 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1992 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Testing the independence of representational change theory processes
Representational Change Theory has proposed two processes, constraint relaxation (CR) and chunk decomposition (CD), that are responsible for restructuring during insight problem solving (Knoblich et al., Citation1999). If these processes are independent (Öllinger et al., Citation2008), then improvements in matchstick arithmetic performance due to instructions that prompt either process should be limited to problems that require that process. In S…
Benefits from sketching for improving comprehension monitoring from illustrated texts
Although frequently used with instructional expository text, it has been suggested that illustrations can lead to illusions of understanding (beliefs that we understand better than we actually do). In this study using geoscience texts, relative metacomprehension accuracy (the ability to monitor one’s own understanding across a set of topics) was found to be particularly poor when only some topics were illustrated. However, when readers were promp…
Haunted attraction
Recreational fear experiences, such as haunted attractions, paradoxically attract millions of patrons annually; despite fear being a generally negative emotion, people will pay money to experience it. Some have stipulated that part of the appeal is interpersonal-anecdotally, such experiences appear to bring people closer together. We put this idea to the test in five studies conducted at three commercial haunted attractions. In Studies 1-4, feeli…
Impact of prior knowledge and presentation on the place-on-the-page effect
Introduction to the special issue
Conceptual overlap among texts impedes comprehension monitoring
For decades, research on metacomprehension has demonstrated that many learners struggle to accurately discriminate their comprehension of texts. However, while reviews of experimental studies on relative metacomprehension accuracy have found average intra-individual correlations between predictions and performance of around .27 for adult readers, in some contexts even lower near-zero accuracy levels have been reported. One possible explanation fo…
Improving multiple document comprehension with a lesson about multi-causal explanations in science
Great expectations
What factors influence predictions of creative performance? Prior work indicates that images can skew predictions in the contexts of learning, memory, and decision making, but little work has devoted attention to the metacognitive effects of images in creative thinking. Metacognitive frameworks indicate that people often base predictions of performance on the subjective ease with which related information comes to mind. The present experiments te…
Testing the independent effects of refutations and summaries on understanding
The present experiment explored the independent effects of refutations and summaries to prevent student misunderstandings when learning from an introductory psychology text on cognitive dissonance. Explicitly presenting and refuting a common misconception about cognitive dissonance did not improve performance on comprehension questions that required understanding of the topic, but adding a final summary paragraph did. The present findings suggest…
Working memory capacity as a predictor of multiple text comprehension
The present study examined the relationship between working memory capacity (WMC) and comprehension on a multiple text assessment from the ACT test for college preparedness in which texts are available during question answering. Specifically, it was of interest whether differences in relations would be seen across different question types. Only performance on the inference questions was uniquely related to WMC whereas performance on textbase and …
Forgetting of competing solutions as a consequence of analogical problem-solving attempts
Three experiments used a paradigm based on Retrieval-Induced Forgetting research to test for the competition from non-useful sources of information in cross-domain analogical transfer. This was accomplished by presenting people with texts introducing multiple candidate solutions prior to attempting the Radiation problem, and later testing memory for the texts. In Experiment 1, viable and unviable candidate solutions that varied in surface and str…
Expecting to teach affects learning during study of expository texts
Past research has suggested that there may be benefits in learning from expository science text when students study with the expectation that they will need to teach another student. The present experiments were designed to extend prior work by testing whether an effect would be seen on both immediate tests (similar to those used in most prior studies) as well as delayed tests (which are important for demonstrating long-term learning of material)…
What causes the insight memory advantage
Biology Textbook Graphics and Their Impact on Expectations of Understanding
Graphics presented alongside expository science texts can have a number of positive effects for instruction, including facilitating engagement, arousing interest, and improving understanding. However, because students harbor expectations about which contexts are likely to support better understanding, the mere presence of graphics also has the potential to lead to inaccurate judgments of understanding when those graphics do not actually lead to p…
Thinking About Global Warming
We examined students' understanding of the causes of a scientific phenomenon from a multiple-document-inquiry unit. Students read several documents that each described causal factors that could be integrated to address the given writing task of explaining the causes of change in average global temperature. We manipulated whether the document set included a document that took a position on climate change policies and whether a reading/writing prom…
Learning by Invention
Learning by invention is an alternative approach to teaching statistics where students are tasked with attempting to solve a problem before being taught the canonical formula for solving it, often resulting in increased understanding of material compared with traditional instruction. The first study, conducted in a college statistics classroom with mixed-skill groups, extended previous work showing an advantage for learning-by-invention activitie…
How restudy decisions affect overall comprehension for seventh‐grade students
BACKGROUND: Self-regulated learning requires accurate monitoring and effective regulation of study. Little is known about how effectively younger readers regulate their study. AIMS: We examined how decisions about which text to restudy affect overall comprehension for seventh-grade students. In addition to a Participant's Choice condition where students were allowed to pick texts for restudy on their own, we compared learning gains in two other c…
Reading an Analogy Can Cause the Illusion of Comprehension
This study explored students' ability to evaluate their learning from a multimedia inquiry unit about the causes of global climate change. Participants were 90 sixth grade students from four science classrooms. Students were provided with a text describing the causes of climate change as well as graphs showing average global temperature changes. Half of the students also received an analogy to help support their understanding of the topic. Result…
What Are the Odds? A Practical Guide to Computing and Reporting Bayes Factors
The purpose of this paper is to provide an easy template for the inclusion of the Bayes factor in reporting experimental results, particularly as a recommendation for articles in the Journal of Problem Solving. The Bayes factor provides information with a similar purpose to the p-value – to allow the researcher to make statistical inferences from data provided by experiments. While the p-value is widely used, the Bayes factor provides several adv…
Drunk, but not blind
Cues to solution, restructuring patterns, and reports of insight in creative problem solving
Uncorking the muse
Comprehending and Learning From Internet Sources
Readers increasingly attempt to understand and learn from information sources they find on the Internet. Doing so highlights the crucial role that evaluative processes play in selecting and making sense of the information. In a prior study, Wiley et al. (2009, Experiment 1) asked undergraduates to perform a web‐based inquiry task about volcanoes using multiple Internet sources. A major finding established a clear link between learning outcomes, s…
Test expectancy affects metacomprehension accuracy
Background. Theory suggests that the accuracy of metacognitive monitoring is affected by the cues used to judge learning. Researchers have improved monitoring accuracy by directing attention to more appropriate cues; however, this is the first study to more directly point students to more appropriate cues using instructions regarding tests and practice tests. Aims. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the accuracy metacognitive…
Poor Metacomprehension Accuracy as a Result of Inappropriate Cue Use
Two studies attempt to determine the causes of poor metacomprehension accuracy and then, in turn, to identify interventions that circumvent these difficulties to support effective comprehension monitoring performance. The first study explored the cues that both at-risk and typical college readers use as a basis for their metacomprehension judgments in the context of a delayed-summarization paradigm. Improvement was seen in all readers, but at-ris…
Source Evaluation, Comprehension, and Learning in Internet Science Inquiry Tasks
In two experiments, undergraduates’ evaluation and use of multiple Internet sources during a science inquiry task were examined. In Experiment 1, undergraduates had the task of explaining what caused the eruption of Mt. St. Helens using the results of an Internet search. Multiple regression analyses indicated that source evaluation significantly predicted learning outcomes, with more successful learners better able to discriminate scientifically …
Comprehending and Learning From Internet Sources
Readers increasingly attempt to understand and learn from information sources they find on the Internet. Doing so highlights the crucial role that evaluative processes play in selecting and making sense of the information. In a prior study, Wiley et al. (2009, Experiment 1) asked undergraduates to perform a web‐based inquiry task about volcanoes using multiple Internet sources. A major finding established a clear link between learning outcomes, s…
Putting the Comprehension in Metacomprehension
The purpose of the present study was to integrate some current theories of text comprehension with the body of work on metacomprehension, and especially the calibration of comprehension monitoring. This article explores some important methodological and conceptual issues, inspired by current theories in the text comprehension literature, which suggest that the nature of the texts used for metacomprehension studies may be a critical, and currently…
Poor Metacomprehension Accuracy as a Result of Inappropriate Cue Use
Two studies attempt to determine the causes of poor metacomprehension accuracy and then, in turn, to identify interventions that circumvent these difficulties to support effective comprehension monitoring performance. The first study explored the cues that both at-risk and typical college readers use as a basis for their metacomprehension judgments in the context of a delayed-summarization paradigm. Improvement was seen in all readers, but at-ris…
Goal Plans of Action and Inferences During Comprehension of Narratives
A theory of how readers monitor concerns of characters and make causal inferences during reading is presented. The focus is on the reader's understanding of what characters do when goals either succeed or fail. Knowledge of goal processes enable coherent understanding to be achieved when characters change goal plans and pursue new courses of action. Four simulations of data from previously published studies on goal-related inferences during readi…
Test expectancy affects metacomprehension accuracy
Background. Theory suggests that the accuracy of metacognitive monitoring is affected by the cues used to judge learning. Researchers have improved monitoring accuracy by directing attention to more appropriate cues; however, this is the first study to more directly point students to more appropriate cues using instructions regarding tests and practice tests. Aims. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the accuracy metacognitive…
Availability and Accessibility of Information and Causal Inferences From Scientific Text
In these experiments, we examine inferences from simple scientific passages that provided all inference-relevant information for the reader. In Experiment 1, we use a contradiction paradigm to test whether readers compute causal bridging inferences from scientific text. In Experiments 2 and 3, we use the same methodology but vary the availability of the critical information by manipulating the distance between critical pieces of information. The …
Reading an Analogy Can Cause the Illusion of Comprehension
This study explored students' ability to evaluate their learning from a multimedia inquiry unit about the causes of global climate change. Participants were 90 sixth grade students from four science classrooms. Students were provided with a text describing the causes of climate change as well as graphs showing average global temperature changes. Half of the students also received an analogy to help support their understanding of the topic. Result…
Learning by Invention
Learning by invention is an alternative approach to teaching statistics where students are tasked with attempting to solve a problem before being taught the canonical formula for solving it, often resulting in increased understanding of material compared with traditional instruction. The first study, conducted in a college statistics classroom with mixed-skill groups, extended previous work showing an advantage for learning-by-invention activitie…
Goal Plans of Action and Inferences During Comprehension of Narratives
Impact of prior knowledge and presentation on the place-on-the-page effect
Biology Textbook Graphics and Their Impact on Expectations of Understanding
Graphics presented alongside expository science texts can have a number of positive effects for instruction, including facilitating engagement, arousing interest, and improving understanding. However, because students harbor expectations about which contexts are likely to support better understanding, the mere presence of graphics also has the potential to lead to inaccurate judgments of understanding when those graphics do not actually lead to p…
Thinking About Global Warming
We examined students' understanding of the causes of a scientific phenomenon from a multiple-document-inquiry unit. Students read several documents that each described causal factors that could be integrated to address the given writing task of explaining the causes of change in average global temperature. We manipulated whether the document set included a document that took a position on climate change policies and whether a reading/writing prom…
How restudy decisions affect overall comprehension for seventh‐grade students
BACKGROUND: Self-regulated learning requires accurate monitoring and effective regulation of study. Little is known about how effectively younger readers regulate their study. AIMS: We examined how decisions about which text to restudy affect overall comprehension for seventh-grade students. In addition to a Participant's Choice condition where students were allowed to pick texts for restudy on their own, we compared learning gains in two other c…
Race and the representation of discourse
This research was concerned with how race of actors in a text, race of participant, and race of experimenter are related to discourse processing. In Phase 1, participants read two texts and were asked inferential questions about the text contents. In Phase 2, extended discourse was studied, with participants indicating and defending judgments of O.J. Simpson's guilt or innocence, and rating the significance of Simpson case‐related statements. In …
Experts at Debate
Experts at Debate
The U.S. Senate debate on the Gulf Crisis was examined with respect to metaphor usage. Metaphors were classified according to tenor and the metaphor user's position in the debate. Numerous differences were found with respect to both factors. It is argued that metaphor was used to state and/or simplify the premises of a senator's argument and was also used to induce a sharing of premises with an audience. Using international relations theory, meta…
Race and the representation of discourse
This research was concerned with how race of actors in a text, race of participant, and race of experimenter are related to discourse processing. In Phase 1, participants read two texts and were asked inferential questions about the text contents. In Phase 2, extended discourse was studied, with participants indicating and defending judgments of O.J. Simpson's guilt or innocence, and rating the significance of Simpson case‐related statements. In …
Problem Representation in Foreign Policy Decision-Making
Previous studies of foreign policy decision making have largely focused on the choice among specified options rather than the prior question of how the options were specified in the first place. Such 'problem representation' is the focus of this volume. How do the game theorists' options and utilities come about? Concretely, for example, how and why in the Cuban missile crisis were blockade, air strike, and invasion chosen as options? To answer s…
Constructing arguments from multiple sources
In 2 experiments, understanding of historical subject matter was enhanced when students acted as historians and constructed their own models of an historical event. Providing students with information in a web site with multiple sources instead of a textbook chapter, and instructing them to write arguments instead of narratives, summaries, or explanations, produced the most integrated and causal essays with the most transformation from the origin…
Availability and Accessibility of Information and Causal Inferences From Scientific Text
In these experiments, we examine inferences from simple scientific passages that provided all inference-relevant information for the reader. In Experiment 1, we use a contradiction paradigm to test whether readers compute causal bridging inferences from scientific text. In Experiments 2 and 3, we use the same methodology but vary the availability of the critical information by manipulating the distance between critical pieces of information. The …
Goal Plans of Action and Inferences During Comprehension of Narratives
Goal Plans of Action and Inferences During Comprehension of Narratives
A theory of how readers monitor concerns of characters and make causal inferences during reading is presented. The focus is on the reader's understanding of what characters do when goals either succeed or fail. Knowledge of goal processes enable coherent understanding to be achieved when characters change goal plans and pursue new courses of action. Four simulations of data from previously published studies on goal-related inferences during readi…
Putting the Comprehension in Metacomprehension
The purpose of the present study was to integrate some current theories of text comprehension with the body of work on metacomprehension, and especially the calibration of comprehension monitoring. This article explores some important methodological and conceptual issues, inspired by current theories in the text comprehension literature, which suggest that the nature of the texts used for metacomprehension studies may be a critical, and currently…
What Happens at Reunions? Exploring Causal Connections and Their Role in Reunion Effects
Past research on anaphor resolution has investigated the availability of discourse information related to characters that part and reunite. Upon reunion, distant concepts that have been associated with the characters before they separated become more accessible than they were just before the reunion. This phenomenon has been referred to as the reunion effect and has been replicated across several studies. In an effort to explain the causes of thi…
Source Evaluation, Comprehension, and Learning in Internet Science Inquiry Tasks
In two experiments, undergraduates’ evaluation and use of multiple Internet sources during a science inquiry task were examined. In Experiment 1, undergraduates had the task of explaining what caused the eruption of Mt. St. Helens using the results of an Internet search. Multiple regression analyses indicated that source evaluation significantly predicted learning outcomes, with more successful learners better able to discriminate scientifically …
Poor Metacomprehension Accuracy as a Result of Inappropriate Cue Use
Two studies attempt to determine the causes of poor metacomprehension accuracy and then, in turn, to identify interventions that circumvent these difficulties to support effective comprehension monitoring performance. The first study explored the cues that both at-risk and typical college readers use as a basis for their metacomprehension judgments in the context of a delayed-summarization paradigm. Improvement was seen in all readers, but at-ris…
Test expectancy affects metacomprehension accuracy
Background. Theory suggests that the accuracy of metacognitive monitoring is affected by the cues used to judge learning. Researchers have improved monitoring accuracy by directing attention to more appropriate cues; however, this is the first study to more directly point students to more appropriate cues using instructions regarding tests and practice tests. Aims. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the accuracy metacognitive…
Cues to solution, restructuring patterns, and reports of insight in creative problem solving
Uncorking the muse
Comprehending and Learning From Internet Sources
Readers increasingly attempt to understand and learn from information sources they find on the Internet. Doing so highlights the crucial role that evaluative processes play in selecting and making sense of the information. In a prior study, Wiley et al. (2009, Experiment 1) asked undergraduates to perform a web‐based inquiry task about volcanoes using multiple Internet sources. A major finding established a clear link between learning outcomes, s…
Drunk, but not blind
What Are the Odds? A Practical Guide to Computing and Reporting Bayes Factors
The purpose of this paper is to provide an easy template for the inclusion of the Bayes factor in reporting experimental results, particularly as a recommendation for articles in the Journal of Problem Solving. The Bayes factor provides information with a similar purpose to the p-value – to allow the researcher to make statistical inferences from data provided by experiments. While the p-value is widely used, the Bayes factor provides several adv…
Reading an Analogy Can Cause the Illusion of Comprehension
This study explored students' ability to evaluate their learning from a multimedia inquiry unit about the causes of global climate change. Participants were 90 sixth grade students from four science classrooms. Students were provided with a text describing the causes of climate change as well as graphs showing average global temperature changes. Half of the students also received an analogy to help support their understanding of the topic. Result…
Biology Textbook Graphics and Their Impact on Expectations of Understanding
Graphics presented alongside expository science texts can have a number of positive effects for instruction, including facilitating engagement, arousing interest, and improving understanding. However, because students harbor expectations about which contexts are likely to support better understanding, the mere presence of graphics also has the potential to lead to inaccurate judgments of understanding when those graphics do not actually lead to p…
Thinking About Global Warming
We examined students' understanding of the causes of a scientific phenomenon from a multiple-document-inquiry unit. Students read several documents that each described causal factors that could be integrated to address the given writing task of explaining the causes of change in average global temperature. We manipulated whether the document set included a document that took a position on climate change policies and whether a reading/writing prom…
Learning by Invention
Learning by invention is an alternative approach to teaching statistics where students are tasked with attempting to solve a problem before being taught the canonical formula for solving it, often resulting in increased understanding of material compared with traditional instruction. The first study, conducted in a college statistics classroom with mixed-skill groups, extended previous work showing an advantage for learning-by-invention activitie…
How restudy decisions affect overall comprehension for seventh‐grade students
BACKGROUND: Self-regulated learning requires accurate monitoring and effective regulation of study. Little is known about how effectively younger readers regulate their study. AIMS: We examined how decisions about which text to restudy affect overall comprehension for seventh-grade students. In addition to a Participant's Choice condition where students were allowed to pick texts for restudy on their own, we compared learning gains in two other c…
What causes the insight memory advantage
Forgetting of competing solutions as a consequence of analogical problem-solving attempts
Three experiments used a paradigm based on Retrieval-Induced Forgetting research to test for the competition from non-useful sources of information in cross-domain analogical transfer. This was accomplished by presenting people with texts introducing multiple candidate solutions prior to attempting the Radiation problem, and later testing memory for the texts. In Experiment 1, viable and unviable candidate solutions that varied in surface and str…
Psychology (28 obras) · Computer Science (27 obras) · Cognitive psychology (23 obras) · Linguistics (19 obras) · Educational Strategies and Epistemologies (15 obras) · Comprehension (14 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (11 obras) · Cognition (11 obras) · Reading comprehension (10 obras) · Social Psychology (10 obras)