Debbie A Lawlor
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3656616 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Debbie A Lawlor |
| NOMBRES | Debbie A |
| APELLIDO | Lawlor |
| FIRMA | LAWLOR D A |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Bristol |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 53 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 492 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 53 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2003 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2018 |
| ÍNDICE H | 11 |
Experiencing menopause in the UK
We investigated the experience and perspectives of menopause among 48 UK mothers through qualitative in-depth interviews. Interviews were analyzed thematically then explored using social science theories. Three interdependent narratives emerged: menopause as a normal, biological process, distinct from self and social transitions; menopause as struggle, an "idiom of distress" expressing upset, identity loss, shame, and social upheaval; and menopau…
Prospective associations of psychosocial adversity in childhood with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adulthood
We found no evidence that exposure to greater psychosocial adversity, or specific forms of psychosocial adversity during childhood is associated with adult CVD risk factors. Further large population studies are needed to clarify whether parental death is associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Genetic evidence of assortative mating in humans
Born in Bradford’s Better Start
The focus of the BiBBS cohort is on intervention impact rather than observation. As far as we are aware BiBBS is the world's first such experimental birth cohort study. While some risk factors for adverse health and social outcomes are increasingly well described, the solutions to tackling them remain elusive. The novel design of BiBBS can contribute much needed evidence to inform policy makers and practitioners about effective approaches to impr…
Association of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity With Mortality
IMPORTANCE The prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity is increasing. OBJECTIVE To estimate reductions in life expectancy associated with cardiometabolic multimorbidity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Age-and sex-adjusted mortality rates and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using individual participant data from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (689 300 participants; 91 cohorts; years of baseline surveys: 1960-2007; latest morta…
The Active for Life Year 5 (Afly5) school-based cluster randomised controlled trial
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN50133740. Registered 17/03/2011
Using latent class analysis to develop a model of the relationship between socioeconomic position and ethnicity
LCA allows different aspects of an individual's SEP to be considered in one multidimensional indicator, which can then be integrated in epidemiological analyses. Ethnicity is strongly associated with these identified subgroups. Findings from this study suggest a careful use of SEP measures in health research, especially when looking at different ethnic groups. Further replication of these findings is needed in other populations
Skin pigmentation, sun exposure and vitamin D levels in children of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
In this population taking protective measures against sunburn and skin cancer does not seem to remove the positive effect that having a less pigmented skin has on vitamin D production. Our findings require further replication as skin pigmentation showed only a small effect on circulating 25(OH)D
Socioeconomic differences in childhood length/height trajectories in a middle-income country
Current Controlled Trials: NCT01352247 assigned 9 Sept 2005; ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT01561612 received 20 Mar 2012
Cohort Profile
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a transgenerational prospective observational study investigating influences on health and development across the life course. It considers multiple genetic, epigenetic, biological, psychological, social and other environmental exposures in relation to a similarly diverse range of health, social and developmental outcomes. Recruitment sought to enroll pregnant women in the Bristol ar…
GWAS of 126,559 Individuals Identifies Genetic Variants Associated with Educational Attainment
Genetic College Many genomic elements in humans are associated with behavior, including educational attainment. In a genome-wide association study including more than 100,000 samples, Rietveld et al. (p. 1467 , published online 30 May; see the Perspective by Flint and Munafò ) looked for genes related to educational attainment in Caucasians. Small genetic effects at three loci appeared to impact educational attainment.
Exercise for depression
BACKGROUND: Depression is a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Depression is commonly treated with antidepressants and/or psychological therapy, but some people may prefer alternative approaches such as exercise. There are a number of theoretical reasons why exercise may improve depression. This is an update of an earlier review first published in 2009. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of exercise in the tr…
Trajectories of socioeconomic inequalities in health, behaviours and academic achievement across childhood and adolescence
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic inequalities are a key policy challenge. Studies to date have not taken a unified approach to assess how socioeconomic inequalities in health, behaviour and educational attainment change as children age. METHODS: We examined maternal education inequalities in multiple offspring health, behavioural and educational outcomes and how these changed across childhood and adolescence in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and…
Lack of emergence of associations between selected maternal exposures and offspring blood pressure at age 15 years
BACKGROUND: A recent review found little evidence for substantial effects of modifiable maternal exposures on offspring blood pressure (BP), but this may have been because almost all the studies reported on BP in early and mid-childhood. METHODS: This study uses data on 4723 mother-child pairs, collected as part of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Bristol, England between 1991 and 1997; associations between three maternal vari…
UK-born Pakistani-origin infants are relatively more adipose than white British infants
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown markedly lower birth weight among infants of South Asian origin compared with those of White European origin. Whether such differences mask greater adiposity in South Asian infants and whether they persist across generations in contemporary UK populations is unclear. Our aim was to compare birth weight, skinfold thickness and cord leptin between Pakistani and White British infants and to investigate the exp…
The effect of fat mass on educational attainment
The literature that examines the relationship between child or adolescent Body Mass Index (BMI) and academic attainment generally finds mixed results. This may be due to the use of different data sets, conditioning variables, or methodologies: studies either use an individual fixed effects (FE) approach and/or an instrumental variable (IV) specification. Using one common dataset, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, and a common s…
Associations of mortality with own height using son's height as an instrumental variable
Height is associated with mortality from many diseases, but it remains unclear whether the association is causal or due to confounding by social factors, genetic pleiotropy,(1) or existing ill-health. The authors investigated whether the association of height with mortality is causal by using a son's height as an instrumental variable (IV) for parents' height among the parents of a cohort of 1,036,963 Swedish men born between 1951 and 1980 who ha…
Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 and D 2 with academic performance in childhood
BACKGROUND: Higher total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations have been associated with better cognitive function mainly in cross-sectional studies in adults. It is unknown if the associations of different forms of 25(OH)D (25(OH)D(3) and 25(OH)D(2)) are similar. METHODS: Prospective cohort study (n=3171) with serum 25(OH)D(3) and 25(OH)D(2) concentrations measured at mean age of 9.8 years and academic performance at age 13-14 years…
Socioeconomic differences in childhood growth trajectories
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic differentials in adult height are frequently observed, but the age at which these inequalities emerge and the patterns they follow through childhood are unknown. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), height trajectories from birth to 10 years (N=12366) were modelled. Individual trajectories were estimated using mixed-effects models. Differences in trajectories…
Prenatal Prediction of Poor Maternal and Offspring Outcomes
This study examined the predictive ability of mother's age, antenatal depression, education, financial difficulties, partner status, and smoking for a range of poor maternal and offspring outcomes assessed up to 61 months postnatally. Outcomes obtained from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were maternal postnatal depression at 8 weeks (n = 10,070), never breastfeeding (n = 7,976), feelings of poor attachment (n = 8,253…
Socioeconomic inequalities in height, leg length and trunk length among children aged 6.5 years and their parents from the Republic of Belarus
In Belarus, similar socioeconomic differentials in height were observed in both children and their parents. Among children, height differentials were partly explained by mid-parental height and number of older siblings. Leg length was not a more sensitive indicator of childhood socioeconomic conditions than trunk length
Childhood obesity
Geographical variation in cardiovascular incidence
In women, regional differences in CVD early in adult life do not further diverge in later life. This may be due to regional differences in early detection, survivorship of women entering the study, or event severity. Targeting health care resources for CVD by geographic variation may not be appropriate for older age-groups
Influence of Life Course Socioeconomic Position on Older Women's Health Behaviors
Objectives. We examined the association between health behaviors and socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood and adult life. Methods. Self-reported diet, smoking, and physical activity were determined among 3523 women aged 60 to 79 years recruited from general practices in 23 British towns from 1999 through 2001. Results. The most affluent women reported eating more fruit, vegetables, chicken, and fish and less red or processed meat than did less…
Mendelian randomization
Observational epidemiological studies suffer from many potential biases, from confounding and from reverse causation, and this limits their ability to robustly identify causal associations. Several high‐profile situations exist in which randomized controlled trials of precisely the same intervention that has been examined in observational studies have produced markedly different findings. In other observational sciences, the use of instrumental v…
Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 1)
This glossary presents a comprehensive list of indicators of socioeconomic position used in health research. A description of what they intend to measure is given together with how data are elicited and the advantages and limitation of the indicators. The glossary is divided into two parts for journal publication but the intention is that it should be used as one piece. The second part highlights a life course approach and will be published in th…
Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 2)
This is the second part of a glossary on indicators of socioeconomic position used in health research (the first part was published in the January issue of the journal)
Smoking and Ill Health
The resistance of disadvantaged groups to anti-smoking advice is remarkable. In relation to the study of differing cultures, there is a long-standing academic tradition assuming that behavior that may otherwise be difficult to understand is indeed rational within particular cultural contexts. Persistent smoking among the most deprived members of society may represent a rational response to their life chances informed by a lay epidemiology. Health…
Teenage children of teenage mothers
Accuracy of adults’ recall of childhood social class
Background: Although adult reported childhood socioeconomic position has been related to health outcomes in many studies, little is known about the validity of such distantly recalled information. This study evaluated the validity of adults’ reports of childhood paternal social class. Methods: Data are drawn from the Aberdeen children of the 1950s study, a cohort of 12 150 people born in Aberdeen (Scotland) who took part in a school based survey …
Genetic evidence of assortative mating in humans
Adverse socioeconomic position across the lifecourse increases coronary heart disease risk cumulatively
Objective: To examine the associations of childhood and adult measurements of socioeconomic position with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Methods: Cross sectional and prospective analysis of a cohort of 4286 British women who were aged 60–79 years at baseline. Among these women there were 694 prevalent cases of CHD and 182 new incident cases among 13 217 person years of follow up of women who were free of CHD at baseline. Results: All measurem…
Association Between Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Among Postmenopausal Women
Objectives. We assessed the association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and coronary heart disease among postmenopausal women. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 3444 women aged 60 to 79 years. Results. There was an independent linear association between childhood and adult SES and coronary heart disease. The association between childhood SES and coronary heart disease was attenuated when we adjusted for insulin resi…
Childhood Socioeconomic Position, Educational Attainment, and Adult Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Objectives. We assessed the associations of childhood socioeconomic position with cardiovascular disease risk factors (smoking, binge alcohol drinking, and being overweight) and examined the roles of educational attainment and cognitive functioning in these associations. Methods. Data were derived from a cohort study involving 7184 individuals who were born in Aberdeen, Scotland, between 1950 and 1956; had detailed records on perinatal characteri…
Socioeconomic differences in childhood growth trajectories
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic differentials in adult height are frequently observed, but the age at which these inequalities emerge and the patterns they follow through childhood are unknown. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), height trajectories from birth to 10 years (N=12366) were modelled. Individual trajectories were estimated using mixed-effects models. Differences in trajectories…
Socioeconomic Position, Co-Occurrence of Behavior-Related Risk Factors, and Coronary Heart Disease
Objectives. We examined the associations between socioeconomic position, co-occurrence of behavior-related risk factors, and the effect of these factors on the relative and absolute socioeconomic gradients in coronary heart disease. Methods. We obtained the socioeconomic position of 9337 men and 39 255 women who were local government employees aged 17–65 years from employers’ records (the Public Sector Study, Finland). A questionnaire survey in 2…
Life-Course Socioeconomic Position, Area Deprivation, and Coronary Heart Disease
Objectives. We sought to determine whether residential area deprivation, over and above the effect of life-course socioeconomic status or position (SEP), is associated with coronary heart disease. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 4286 women aged 60 to 79 years from 457 British electoral wards. Results. After adjustment for age and 10 indicators of individual life-course SEP, the odds of coronary heart disease was 27% greater am…
Early life predictors of childhood intelligence
Objective: To identify the early life predictors of childhood intelligence. Design: Cohort study of 10 424 children who were born in Aberdeen (Scotland) between 1950 and 1956. Results: Social class of father around the time of birth, gravidity, maternal age, maternal physical condition, whether the child was born outside of marriage, prematurity, intrauterine growth, and childhood height were all independently associated with childhood intelligen…
Influence of Life Course Socioeconomic Position on Older Women's Health Behaviors
Objectives. We examined the association between health behaviors and socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood and adult life. Methods. Self-reported diet, smoking, and physical activity were determined among 3523 women aged 60 to 79 years recruited from general practices in 23 British towns from 1999 through 2001. Results. The most affluent women reported eating more fruit, vegetables, chicken, and fish and less red or processed meat than did less…
Family Socioeconomic Position at Birth and Future Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Objectives. We assessed the association of father’s social class, recorded at the time of birth, with coronary heart disease and stroke in a British cohort of 11106 individuals born in the 1950s. Methods. Survival analysis was used to relate social class at birth to the occurrence of either fatal or nonfatal coronary heart disease or stroke. Results. Rates of coronary heart disease and stroke increased across the social class distribution from hi…
Socioeconomic Position and Hormone Replacement Therapy Use
Objectives. We assessed the association between life-course socioeconomic status or position (SEP) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 4286 women aged 60 to 79 years. Results. Women experiencing adverse socioeconomic circumstances across the life course were less likely to have used HRT. The associations of childhood socioeconomic measures with HRT use were independent of adult SEP, behaviora…
Trajectories of socioeconomic inequalities in health, behaviours and academic achievement across childhood and adolescence
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic inequalities are a key policy challenge. Studies to date have not taken a unified approach to assess how socioeconomic inequalities in health, behaviour and educational attainment change as children age. METHODS: We examined maternal education inequalities in multiple offspring health, behavioural and educational outcomes and how these changed across childhood and adolescence in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and…
Season of birth and childhood intelligence
Background. In this study, 2 main hypotheses have been put forward to explain the variation in childhood intelligence or school performance by season of birth. In the first hypothesis, it is suggested that it is due to school policy concerning school entry, whereas the second suggests that a seasonally patterned exposure such as temperature, maternal nutrition, or infection during critical periods of brain development have a lasting effect on int…
Associations Between Childhood Intelligence and Hospital Admissions for Unintentional Injuries in Adulthood
Objectives. We examined associations between childhood intelligence and hospital admissions for injuries in adulthood. Methods. Data were derived from a cohort study (=11103) involving individuals born in Aberdeen, Scotland, between 1950 and 1956. Results. Overall, 1043 cohort members had at least 1 hospital admission resulting from an unintentional injury over 231152 person-years of risk. There were inverse linear associations between childhood …
Association between childhood and adulthood socioeconomic position and pregnancy induced hypertension
Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension may indicate a tendency towards endothelial and metabolic abnormalities leading to future cardiovascular disease. Childhood socioeconomic adversity is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk but the association with pregnancy induced hypertension is unknown. Aim: To examine the association of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic position with pregnancy induced hypertension. Design: Histori…
UK-born Pakistani-origin infants are relatively more adipose than white British infants
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown markedly lower birth weight among infants of South Asian origin compared with those of White European origin. Whether such differences mask greater adiposity in South Asian infants and whether they persist across generations in contemporary UK populations is unclear. Our aim was to compare birth weight, skinfold thickness and cord leptin between Pakistani and White British infants and to investigate the exp…
Effect of conjugal bereavement on mortality of the bereaved spouse in participants of the Renfrew/Paisley Study
Objectives: To investigate how loss of a spouse affects mortality risk in the bereaved partner. Design and setting: Prospective cohort study in Renfrew and Paisley in Scotland. Participants: 4395 married couples aged 45–64 years when the study was carried out between 1972 and 1976. Methods: The date of bereavement for the bereaved spouse was the date of death of his or her spouse. Bereavement could occur at any time during the follow-up period, s…
Intrauterine growth and intelligence within sibling pairs
Objective: To examine the association between intrauterine growth and intelligence. Design: Population based birth cohort study of sibling pairs born within a maximum of three years of each other. Setting: Mater-University women and children’s hospital, Brisbane, Australia. Participants: 235 (470 children) sibling pairs. Results: Among one randomly selected sibling from each pair verbal comprehension at age 5, general intelligence at age 14, and …
Lawlor Et Al. Respond
Bassett points out that our analysis ignores targeted marketing by tobacco companies and that to see smoking prevalence as an outcome only of personal choice is an incomplete view. We, along with Bassett and others, deplore the tactics of the tobacco industry.1–3 We did not claim in our article that the smoking prevalence observed in a population was the result only of personal choice. We pointed out that socioeconomic inequalities acting through…
Lawlor Et Al. Respond
Bassett points out that our analysis ignores targeted marketing by tobacco companies and that to see smoking prevalence as an outcome only of personal choice is an incomplete view. We, along with Bassett and others, deplore the tactics of the tobacco industry.1–3 We did not claim in our article that the smoking prevalence observed in a population was the result only of personal choice. We pointed out that socioeconomic inequalities acting through…
Smoking and Ill Health
The resistance of disadvantaged groups to anti-smoking advice is remarkable. In relation to the study of differing cultures, there is a long-standing academic tradition assuming that behavior that may otherwise be difficult to understand is indeed rational within particular cultural contexts. Persistent smoking among the most deprived members of society may represent a rational response to their life chances informed by a lay epidemiology. Health…
Sex differences in body fat distribution and carotid intima media thickness
Objective: To determine the role of central adiposity in explaining sex differences in carotid intima media thickness (IMT). Design: Cross sectional survey. Setting: Two British towns. Participants: 800 men and women aged 56–75 years. Main outcome measures: Carotid IMT. Results: There was a continuous linear association between waist-hip ratio and IMT in both men and women. The magnitude of the association between waist to hip ratio and IMT was i…
Association Between Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Among Postmenopausal Women
Objectives. We assessed the association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and coronary heart disease among postmenopausal women. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 3444 women aged 60 to 79 years. Results. There was an independent linear association between childhood and adult SES and coronary heart disease. The association between childhood SES and coronary heart disease was attenuated when we adjusted for insulin resi…
Socioeconomic Position and Hormone Replacement Therapy Use
Objectives. We assessed the association between life-course socioeconomic status or position (SEP) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 4286 women aged 60 to 79 years. Results. Women experiencing adverse socioeconomic circumstances across the life course were less likely to have used HRT. The associations of childhood socioeconomic measures with HRT use were independent of adult SEP, behaviora…
Socioeconomic Position, Cognitive Function, and Clustering of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescence
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to examine the extent of clustering of smoking, high levels of television watching, overweight, and high blood pressure among adolescents and whether this clustering varies by socioeconomic position and cognitive function. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional analysis of 3613 (1742 females) participants of an Australian birth cohort who were examined at age 14. RESULTS: Three hundred fifty-three …
Asthma and Internalizing Behavior Problems in Adolescence
OBJECTIVE: Clinical studies of asthmatic children have found an association between lung disease and internalizing behavior problems. The causal direction of this association is, however, unclear. This article examines the nature of the relationship between behavior and asthma problems in childhood and adolescence. METHODS: Data were analyzed on 5135 children from the Mater University Study of Pregnancy and its outcomes (MUSP), a large birth coho…
Association between childhood and adulthood socioeconomic position and pregnancy induced hypertension
Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension may indicate a tendency towards endothelial and metabolic abnormalities leading to future cardiovascular disease. Childhood socioeconomic adversity is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk but the association with pregnancy induced hypertension is unknown. Aim: To examine the association of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic position with pregnancy induced hypertension. Design: Histori…
Early life predictors of childhood intelligence
Objective: To identify the early life predictors of childhood intelligence. Design: Cohort study of 10 424 children who were born in Aberdeen (Scotland) between 1950 and 1956. Results: Social class of father around the time of birth, gravidity, maternal age, maternal physical condition, whether the child was born outside of marriage, prematurity, intrauterine growth, and childhood height were all independently associated with childhood intelligen…
Accuracy of adults’ recall of childhood social class
Background: Although adult reported childhood socioeconomic position has been related to health outcomes in many studies, little is known about the validity of such distantly recalled information. This study evaluated the validity of adults’ reports of childhood paternal social class. Methods: Data are drawn from the Aberdeen children of the 1950s study, a cohort of 12 150 people born in Aberdeen (Scotland) who took part in a school based survey …
Intrauterine growth and intelligence within sibling pairs
Objective: To examine the association between intrauterine growth and intelligence. Design: Population based birth cohort study of sibling pairs born within a maximum of three years of each other. Setting: Mater-University women and children’s hospital, Brisbane, Australia. Participants: 235 (470 children) sibling pairs. Results: Among one randomly selected sibling from each pair verbal comprehension at age 5, general intelligence at age 14, and …
Adverse socioeconomic position across the lifecourse increases coronary heart disease risk cumulatively
Objective: To examine the associations of childhood and adult measurements of socioeconomic position with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Methods: Cross sectional and prospective analysis of a cohort of 4286 British women who were aged 60–79 years at baseline. Among these women there were 694 prevalent cases of CHD and 182 new incident cases among 13 217 person years of follow up of women who were free of CHD at baseline. Results: All measurem…
Life-Course Socioeconomic Position, Area Deprivation, and Coronary Heart Disease
Objectives. We sought to determine whether residential area deprivation, over and above the effect of life-course socioeconomic status or position (SEP), is associated with coronary heart disease. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 4286 women aged 60 to 79 years from 457 British electoral wards. Results. After adjustment for age and 10 indicators of individual life-course SEP, the odds of coronary heart disease was 27% greater am…
Childhood Socioeconomic Position, Educational Attainment, and Adult Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Objectives. We assessed the associations of childhood socioeconomic position with cardiovascular disease risk factors (smoking, binge alcohol drinking, and being overweight) and examined the roles of educational attainment and cognitive functioning in these associations. Methods. Data were derived from a cohort study involving 7184 individuals who were born in Aberdeen, Scotland, between 1950 and 1956; had detailed records on perinatal characteri…
Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 1)
This glossary presents a comprehensive list of indicators of socioeconomic position used in health research. A description of what they intend to measure is given together with how data are elicited and the advantages and limitation of the indicators. The glossary is divided into two parts for journal publication but the intention is that it should be used as one piece. The second part highlights a life course approach and will be published in th…
Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 2)
This is the second part of a glossary on indicators of socioeconomic position used in health research (the first part was published in the January issue of the journal)
Family Socioeconomic Position at Birth and Future Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Objectives. We assessed the association of father’s social class, recorded at the time of birth, with coronary heart disease and stroke in a British cohort of 11106 individuals born in the 1950s. Methods. Survival analysis was used to relate social class at birth to the occurrence of either fatal or nonfatal coronary heart disease or stroke. Results. Rates of coronary heart disease and stroke increased across the social class distribution from hi…
Season of birth and childhood intelligence
Background. In this study, 2 main hypotheses have been put forward to explain the variation in childhood intelligence or school performance by season of birth. In the first hypothesis, it is suggested that it is due to school policy concerning school entry, whereas the second suggests that a seasonally patterned exposure such as temperature, maternal nutrition, or infection during critical periods of brain development have a lasting effect on int…
Teenage children of teenage mothers
The handbook of inequality and socioeconomic position
This Handbook is the definitive resource for anyone wishing to quickly look up and understand key concepts and measurements relating to socioeconomic position and inequalities. A range of key concepts is defined and measures of socioeconomic position and inequality described. Alphabetical listings, cross-referencing, graphs and worked examples, references to web and other sources of further information, all contribute to making the Handbook both …
The handbook of inequality and socioeconomic position
A Common Variant in the FTO Gene Is Associated with Body Mass Index and Predisposes to Childhood and Adult Obesity
Obesity is a serious international health problem that increases the risk of several common diseases. The genetic factors predisposing to obesity are poorly understood. A genome-wide search for type 2 diabetesâ susceptibility genes identified a common variant in the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene that predisposes to diabetes through an effect on body mass index (BMI). An additive association of the variant with BMI was replicated in 1…
Why we measure teenage pregnancy but do not count teenage mothers
Teenage pregnancy has been labelled as a major social and health problem and has become a key policy area in several industrialized countries. In England, current policy aims (1) to halve teenage pregnancy rates for under-18s by 2010, and (2) to reduce teenage parents’ risk of social exclusion by supporting their participation in education, training and employment. Official statistics are published on the rate of teenage pregnancy but not on the …
A systematic review of the association between circulating concentrations of C reactive protein and cancer
The objective of this study was to review and summarise the published evidence for an association between circulating concentrations of C reactive protein (CRP) and cancer through a systematic review. 90 discrete studies were identified. 81 (90%) were prevalent case–control or cross-sectional studies, and only 9 studies had a prospective design. In most prevalent studies, CRP concentrations were found to be higher in patients with cancer than in …
Effect of conjugal bereavement on mortality of the bereaved spouse in participants of the Renfrew/Paisley Study
Objectives: To investigate how loss of a spouse affects mortality risk in the bereaved partner. Design and setting: Prospective cohort study in Renfrew and Paisley in Scotland. Participants: 4395 married couples aged 45–64 years when the study was carried out between 1972 and 1976. Methods: The date of bereavement for the bereaved spouse was the date of death of his or her spouse. Bereavement could occur at any time during the follow-up period, s…
Medicine (46 obras) · Demography (33 obras) · Environmental health (28 obras) · Population (27 obras) · Socioeconomic status (24 obras) · Internal Medicine (23 obras) · Internal Medicine (19 obras) · Psychology (19 obras) · Gerontology (18 obras) · Cohort (17 obras)