Marvin Zuckerman
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3658505 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Marvin Zuckerman |
| NOMBRES | Marvin |
| APELLIDO | Zuckerman |
| FIRMA | ZUCKERMAN M |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Delaware |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 48 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 135 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 48 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1951 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2015 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Sensation Seeking
Biological Bases of Personality
There are two primary behavioral characteristics across and within species: approach and withdrawal-avoidance. Stimulus qualities that elicit either depend on the species characteristics and the immediate stimulus. Just as species differ in their propensity for approach or withdrawal, there are differences between individuals within species. In humans we call these differences temperament or personality. Stimulus characteristics include intensity…
Sensation seeking and risky behavior.
Personality and Risk‐Taking
The first part of this article describes a study of the relationships between personality and risk‐taking in six areas: smoking, drinking, drugs, sex, driving, and gambling. The participants, 260 college students, were given self‐report measures of risky behaviors in each of the six areas and the Zuckerman‐ Kuhlman five‐factor personality questionnaire. Generalized risk‐taking (across all six areas) was related to scales for impulsive sensation s…
Sensation seeking, risk appraisal, and risky behavior
A comparison of three structural models for personality
The major factors from 3 models of personality are compared: Eysenck's Three Factor model, Costa and McCrae's version of the Big Five, and Zuckerman and Kuhlman's Alternative Five. The 1st study describes the development of a questionnaire measure for the Alternative Five and the reliability assessments of the scales. The 2nd study used factor analysis to compare the factors among the scales from the 3 models. Extraversion and Neuroticism were qu…
Sensation seeking and selective attention
Differences in selective attention as a function of sensation seeking, extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism were examined in 108 undergraduates using a dichotic listening task. Dependent measures included shadowing performance, reaction times to a secondary light task, target detection, and recall. The results suggested that high sensation seekers have better focused attention than low sensation seekers, and these effects were strongest on…
Truth and consequences
Truth and consequences
The Psychophysiology of Sensation Seeking
This article summarizes studies relating the trait of sensation seeking to electrodermal and heart‐rate responses and cortical evoked potential arousal Stimulus factors of novelty, intensity, and stimulus significance are important High sensation seekers tend to give stronger physiological orienting responses than lows to novel stimuli of moderate intensity, particularly when such stimuli are of specific interest Lows tend to show defensive respo…
Some dubious premises in research and theory on racial differences
What lies beyond E and N? Factor analyses of scales believed to measure basic dimensions of personality
Nocturnal penile tumescence and penile responses in the waking state in diabetic and nondiabetic sexual dysfunctionals
Sensation seeking
A comparative method of studying the biological bases of personality compares human trait dimensions with likely animal models in terms of genetic determination and common biological correlates. The approach is applied to the trait of sensation seeking, which is defined on the human level by a questionnaire, reports of experience, and observations of behavior, and on the animal level by general activity, behavior in novel situations, and certain …
The distinction between trait and state scales is not arbitrary
Sensation seeking in homosexual and heterosexual males
The distinction between trait and state scales is not arbitrary
A test of the optimal level of arousal theory of sensation seeking
The study was designed to test the theoretical predictions that high-sensation seekers feel and function better than low-sensation seekers under conditions of heightened arousal, whereas lows perform better than highs when central nervous system arousal levels are dampened. Thirty-two male medical students scoring in either the top or bottom deciles of their class on the total score of the Sensation Seeking Scale, Form V, were administered placeb…
A genetic and environmental analysis of sensation seeking
Sensation seeking and its biological correlates
Reviews the trait of sensation seeking and the biological phenomena associated with it: strength of the initial orienting reflex, augmenting vs reducing of the average evoked potential, MAO, and gonadal hormones (both androgen and estrogens). Both psychological and biological measures have retest re
Sensation seeking and gonadal hormones
Two samples of male students (N = 25, and N = 51) and a small sample of female students (N = 7) were administered the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS), and blood samples were drawn on two occasions to determine plasma levels of androgens and oestrogens. Reliable and significant simple and partial correlations were found between the sex hormones and the SSS subscale, Disinhibition. Partial correlations simultaneously controlled for height, weight, ag…
Sensation seeking in England and America
Race and Sex Differences on the Sensation Seeking Scales
The Sensation Seeking Scale, Form IV, was administered to white and black, male and female college students ( ns = 50; N = 200). Analyses showed that blacks scored significantly lower than whites on three subscales, General, Thrill and Adventure Seeking, and Boredom Susceptibility. Females scored lower than males on the scales Thrill and Adventure Seeking, Disinhibition, and Boredom Susceptibility. There were no interactions of race and sex
The relationship between sensation-seeking and Eysenck's dimensions of personality
Theory and common correlates suggest a relationship between dimensions of personality measured by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and the Sensation-seeking Scale. In order to examine these relationships, the two tests were given to 219 American and 879 English subjects of both sexes. Sensation-seeking was positively correlated with the traits of extraversion and psychoticism as measured by the EPQ. There was no relationship between se…
Some dubious premises in research and theory on racial differences
The scientific premises for looking for statistical differences between groups designated as races (on somewhat arbitrary grounds) are questionable. The explanation of such differences in strictly biological-evolutionary terms is even more dubious. Studies of temperament, basic personality traits, disorders (such as antisocial personality), and specific genetic markers show that there is much more variation within groups designated as races than …
A comparison of three structural models for personality
The major factors from 3 models of personality are compared: Eysenck's Three Factor model, Costa and McCrae's version of the Big Five, and Zuckerman and Kuhlman's Alternative Five. The 1st study describes the development of a questionnaire measure for the Alternative Five and the reliability assessments of the scales. The 2nd study used factor analysis to compare the factors among the scales from the 3 models. Extraversion and Neuroticism were qu…
Physiological measures of sexual arousal in the human
Sensation seeking and its biological correlates
Reviews the trait of sensation seeking and the biological phenomena associated with it: strength of the initial orienting reflex, augmenting vs reducing of the average evoked potential, MAO, and gonadal hormones (both androgen and estrogens). Both psychological and biological measures have retest re
What lies beyond E and N? Factor analyses of scales believed to measure basic dimensions of personality
The distinction between trait and state scales is not arbitrary
The relationship between sensation-seeking and Eysenck's dimensions of personality
Theory and common correlates suggest a relationship between dimensions of personality measured by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and the Sensation-seeking Scale. In order to examine these relationships, the two tests were given to 219 American and 879 English subjects of both sexes. Sensation-seeking was positively correlated with the traits of extraversion and psychoticism as measured by the EPQ. There was no relationship between se…
Sensation seeking in homosexual and heterosexual males
A genetic and environmental analysis of sensation seeking
Sources of reports of visual and auditory sensations in perceptual-isolation experiments
A test of the optimal level of arousal theory of sensation seeking
The study was designed to test the theoretical predictions that high-sensation seekers feel and function better than low-sensation seekers under conditions of heightened arousal, whereas lows perform better than highs when central nervous system arousal levels are dampened. Thirty-two male medical students scoring in either the top or bottom deciles of their class on the total score of the Sensation Seeking Scale, Form V, were administered placeb…
An application of the state-trait concept to the need for achievement
Sensation seeking and selective attention
Differences in selective attention as a function of sensation seeking, extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism were examined in 108 undergraduates using a dichotic listening task. Dependent measures included shadowing performance, reaction times to a secondary light task, target detection, and recall. The results suggested that high sensation seekers have better focused attention than low sensation seekers, and these effects were strongest on…
Nocturnal penile tumescence and penile responses in the waking state in diabetic and nondiabetic sexual dysfunctionals
The effects of subliminal and supraliminal suggestion on verbal productivity
INVESTIGATIONS of influences on behavior are not new in psychology; studies in this area date back to the 19th century. However, judging from recent reviews of the literature by Adams (1957), McConnell, Cutter, and McNeil (1958), Eriksen (1958), and Goldiamond (1958), a resurgence of interest in the area is underway. Most of the studies reviewed by Adams (1957) require a subject to make a stimulus discrimination. In one group of these experiments…
The effect of threat on perceptual affect in a group
The Effect of Frustration on the Perception of Neutral and Aggressive Words1
Note on the Attitude toward Hypnosis of Volunteers and Nonvolunteers for An Hypnosis Experiment
Individuals who volunteer as Ss for hypnosis experiments frequently are thought to have particular personality characteristics which may bias experiments in which they participate (cf. Sweetland, 1955 ). However, a recent study by Martin and Marcuse (1958) suggests that volunteers and nonvolunteers for an hypnosis experiment do not differ widely. Nor do the volunteers appear much different from volunteers for other types of psychological experime…
Contradictory results using the mecholyl test to differentiate process and reactive schizophrenia
The development of an affect adjective check list for the measurement of anxiety.
The effects of subliminal and supraliminal suggestion on verbal productivity
INVESTIGATIONS of influences on behavior are not new in psychology; studies in this area date back to the 19th century. However, judging from recent reviews of the literature by Adams (1957), McConnell, Cutter, and McNeil (1958), Eriksen (1958), and Goldiamond (1958), a resurgence of interest in the area is underway. Most of the studies reviewed by Adams (1957) require a subject to make a stimulus discrimination. In one group of these experiments…
Relationship of Acquiescence Response Set to Authoritarianism and Dependency
Relationship of Acquiescence Response Set to Authoritarianism and Dependency
Development of a sensation-seeking scale.
This article reports the development of a Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) designed to quantify the construct: “optimal stimulation level.” Items were written, using the construct as a guide, and given to undergraduates. The items were factor analyzed. A general factor was found and the item-factor cor
Stress Response in Total and Partial Perceptual Isolation
A study was made of physiological (GSR) and verbal stress responses to total perceptual isolation (darkness and silence) and partial isolation (darkness with sound or silence with light). The results on the GSR indices indicate that, after 11⁄2 hr., total isolation is more stressful than partial isolation. Verbal indices indicate that all types of isolation are equally stressful. The results indicate that a social set theory is not sufficient to …
Sources of reports of visual and auditory sensations in perceptual-isolation experiments
Is suggestion the source of reported visual sensations in perceptual isolation
Normative Data for the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List
The development of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL) has been described previously ( 1 ) . Table 1 presents data for 2 normal samples and 5 psychiatric samples. The job applicant sample was drawn from a population of 1200 job applicants at the Indiana University Medical Center personnel office. These 200 Ss were stratified by age, sex, and education to match the census distribution of these variables. The college students were obta…
Acquiescence and Extremes Response Sets of Actors and Teachers
Groups of male and female teachers, actors, and actresses were given Berg's Perceptual Reaction Test. An acquiescence score was obtained by totalling the “like much” and “like slightly” responses; and an extremes-set score was obtained by totalling the “like much” and “dislike much” responses. Actors and actresses scored significantly higher than teachers on the “extremes-set” measure. No differences were found on the acquiescence measure. Two hy…
"Save the pieces! A note on "The role of the family in the development of psychopathology
Sex Differences in Stress Responses to Total and Partial Sensory Deprivation
The responses of 36 males and 36 females to 3 hr. of total sensory deprivation (SD) or partial SD (light or sound deprivation) were compared. Females scored significantly higher on a measure of verbalized stress derived from ratings of the post-SD interview. Males showed a near-significant (p<.06) tendency for a greater increase in GSR conductance from the baseline to the end of the experiment. Both males and females had more spontaneous fluctuat…
Affective and Perceptual-Cognitive Patterns in Sensitivity Training Groups
To document the possible occurrence of developmental trends in sensitivity training groups, the affective and perceptual-cognitive patterns during a 1-wk. conference were studied. The conference was attended by 45 Ss who were divided into four training (T) groups. (The data from 43 Ss who completed all instruments were used in the analyses.) The recently developed Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL), which measures Anxiety, Depression, a…
Response Set in a Check List Test
This study was done to assess the influence of a response set, number of items checked, in the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL). In some previous studies, the response set was moderately correlated with the total scale scores of Anxiety, Depression, and Hostility, but in other studies the correlations were minimal. Ss were 432 male and 614 female undergraduates from colleges in the East, Midwest, and West. In the total sample, the num…
Dimensions of sensation seeking.
Tested 63 new items for the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) in an attempt to develop new scales representative of hypothesized dimensions of sensation seeking. An experimental form was given to 332 and 92 undergraduates at 2 universities. Data from the 1st university was factor analyzed separately for
Physiological measures of sexual arousal in the human
What is the sensation seeker? Personality trait and experience correlates of the Sensation-Seeking Scales.
Anxiety
2 studies are reported on the relationships between general and specific tests of anxiety and behavioral and self-reported fear responses in the presence of a live snake. Ss were 35 female undergraduates in Study I and 76 in Study II. Measures of general anxiety were not predictive of fear responses, while measures of specific fear of snakes were highly predictive of such responses
An application of the state-trait concept to the need for achievement
Sensation seeking and gonadal hormones
Two samples of male students (N = 25, and N = 51) and a small sample of female students (N = 7) were administered the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS), and blood samples were drawn on two occasions to determine plasma levels of androgens and oestrogens. Reliable and significant simple and partial correlations were found between the sex hormones and the SSS subscale, Disinhibition. Partial correlations simultaneously controlled for height, weight, ag…
Sensation seeking in England and America
Psychology (48 obras) · Social Psychology (35 obras) · Personality (27 obras) · Developmental psychology (24 obras) · Clinical Psychology (23 obras) · Cognitive psychology (22 obras) · Sensation Seeking (19 obras) · Adventure Sports and Sensation Seeking (17 obras) · Social Psychology (13 obras) · Outdoor and Experiential Education (12 obras)