Margaret Gilbert
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3672058 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Margaret Gilbert |
| NOMBRES | Margaret |
| APELLIDO | Gilbert |
| FIRMA | GILBERT M |
| AFILIACIONES | University of California, Irvine |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9392-3012 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 49 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 217 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 51 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1981 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Rights and Demands
I respond to some questions raised by Frances Kamm with respect to my book Rights and Demands (2018). The book focuses on demand-rights and asks how we accrue them. In other words, how does one accrue the standing to demand an action of someone or rebuke them for non-performance? My response to Kamm emphasizes how I understand “directed duties” in this context. Contrary to the standard practice of rights theorists, I do not start from the assumpt…
Life in Groups
Abstract Life in Groups: How We Think, Feel, and Act Together comprises thirteen essays by the author relating to human life in groups, together with a substantial introduction and concluding discussion. The essays continue the development and application of the author’s perspective on collective beliefs, emotions, and actions, arguing that these and other central social phenomena are grounded in a joint commitment of the parties. This commitment…
Responses to Darwall, Watson, Arneson, and Helmreich
It is an honor and a privilege to have received the engaged comments of these distinguished philosophers on Rights and Demands.1 I thank them for the time and thought they have put into them. Each commentator makes points I have not been able to address in the space available, and many of the points I do discuss deserve a longer treatment. I hope that, even so, these responsive notes will help further to clarify and defend the ideas expressed in …
Precis of Rights and Demands
Talk of “rights” is notoriously ambiguous. Rights and Demands—henceforth R&D—focuses on a particular idea of a right.1 I call the corresponding rights “demand-rights”. Crucially, to have a demand-right to a particular action is to have the standing or authority to demand that action of the right's addressee. Demand-rights are of clear practical utility. Your understanding that I have a given demand-right against you may be enough for you to act a…
Life in Groups
Creature Construction and the Morality of Shared Agency
I start by emphasizing two aspects of Michael Bratman's approach to shared agency and contrast it with my own in those respects. I conclude with some related remarks on the relation of morality and joint commitment
A Simple Theory of Acting Together
I argue for an account of acting together that has a particular notion of joint commitment at its core. The account presented offers a compact explanation of four significant aspects of acting together as this is ordinarily understood: the parties have pertinent obligations to one another; each needs the concurrence of the rest with his or her untimely exit from the joint activity; an appropriate collective goal is sufficient to motivate the part…
This Is the End'? An Ethnographic Study of Management Control and a New Management Initiative
Over recent decades, critical scholars have quite rightly warned of the control implications of new management initiatives. There is a danger, however, of treating control in a 'distal' way or as an 'end'. Through drawing on proximal theorising, we make explicit what is often implicit in such accounts, which is that control is best understood as unfinished, in process, for it is inherently contingent and unpredictable. Viewed in this way, control…
On Social Facts
There is a crack in everything’
Why is resistance a pervasive feature of organizations? We seek to add to the established ways of understanding resistance by arguing that it may emerge owing to the rationality and irrationality, order and disorder that imbues organizations. We explore how such conditions create ambivalent situations that can generate resistance that is ambivalent itself as it can both facilitate and hinder the operation of organizations. Drawing on ethnographic…
The Ubiquity of Joint Commitment
After noting that joint commitments can be made gradually and by more subtle means than those constitutive of agreements and promises, and that they may obtain in large populations spread over great distances, this chapter argues that many central social phenomena other than agreements and promises are constituted by joint commitments with associated demand-rights and directed obligations. These phenomena range from the instantaneous occurrence o…
Rights and Demands
This book is the first extended treatment of demand-rights, a class of rights apt to be considered rights par excellence. Centrally, to have a demand-right is to have the standing or authority to demand a particular action from another person, who has a correlative obligation to the right-holder. How are demand-rights possible? Linking its response to central themes and positions within rights theory, Rights and Demands argues for two main theses…
Further Reflections in the Social World
This discussion responds to a collection of papers that relate in one way or another to the author’s work in the philosophy of social phenomena. It focuses on those passages that deal most directly with that work. After making some general points that respond to remarks in several of the papers, it turns to the individual papers. The subjects discussed include coordination, conversation, collective beliefs and emotions, joint commitment, obligati…
Joint Commitment
This chapter outlines the pertinent concept of joint commitment, and offers some reasons for thinking that it plays a central role in human life. It explains the difference between basic and non-basic joint commitments: this is a difference in the process of joint commitment, not the product. A basic joint commitment comes about as follows: each of two or more people openly expresses his readiness jointly to commit them all in a certain way, and …
Joint Action
Joint Commitment
This book comprises eighteen wide-ranging essays that share a common theme: the centrality of joint commitment to human life, both private and public. After an opening chapter that introduces joint commitment and the themes of the book, It is divided into four sections: shared agency; collective attitudes; mutual recognition, promises, and love; and political life. An important aspect of joint commitment is its provision of directed obligations a…
Collective Guilt and Collective Guilt Feelings
It has been claimed that collectives cannot feel guilt over what they have done. Yet in everyday discourse they may be said to feel guilt, among other emotions. This paper argues for a particular interpretation of everyday ascriptions of guilt feelings to groups, one that avoids the problematic assumption that there is a group consciousness or group “feeling-sensations” that exist independently of the conscious states of the group’s members. It b…
Shared Values, Social Unity, and Liberty
In political philosophy “shared values” are often seen as productive of social unity. This essay assesses that perception. It considers three accounts of shared values, starting with the summative account according to which people share a value if all or most of them espouse that value. Patrick Devlin suggested that “collective moral judgments” give the parties the standing to rebuke one another for acting contrary to those values, thus binding t…
Shared intention and personal intentions
This article explores the question: what is it for two or more people to intend to do something in the future? In a technical phrase, what is it for people to share an intention ? Extending and refining earlier work of the author’s, it argues for three criteria of adequacy for an account of shared intention (the disjunction, concurrence, and obligation criteria) and offers an account that satisfies them. According to this account, in technical te…
Pro Patria
Two Approaches to Shared Intention
Drawing on earlier work of the author that is both clarified and amplified here, this article explores the question: what is it for two or more people to intend to do something in the future? In short, what is it for people to share an intention? It argues for three criteria of adequacy for an account of shared intention (the disjunction, concurrence, and obligation criteria) and offers an account that satisfies them. According to this account, i…
Theory of Political Obligation
La responsabilité collective et ses implications
Une action collective a lieu lorsque les membres d'un groupe agissent à la lumière d'un co-engagement marquant l'intention de réaliser une action en tant que groupe. Certains membres du groupe, ayant été investis de cette autorité par les autres qui leur ont abandonné cette tâche, peuvent avoir déterminé l'intention collective en question. Ceci implique qu'un collectif peut être moralement responsable, et que la responsabilité d'un collectif n'a …
A Theory of Political Obligation
Does one have special obligations to support the political institutions of one’s own country precisely because it is one’s own? In short, does one have political obligations? This book argues for an affirmative answer, construing one’s country as a political society of which one is a member, and a political society as a special type of social group. The obligations in question are not moral requirements derived from general moral principles. They…
Rationality in Collective Action
Collective action is interpreted as a matter of people doing something together, and it is assumed that this involves their having a collective intention to do that thing together. The account of collective intention for which the author has argued elsewhere is presented. In terms that are explained, the parties are jointly committed to intend as a body that such-and-such. Collective action problems in the sense of rational choice theory—problems…
Walking Together
Modelling collective belief
On Social Facts
There is a crack in everything’
Why is resistance a pervasive feature of organizations? We seek to add to the established ways of understanding resistance by arguing that it may emerge owing to the rationality and irrationality, order and disorder that imbues organizations. We explore how such conditions create ambivalent situations that can generate resistance that is ambivalent itself as it can both facilitate and hinder the operation of organizations. Drawing on ethnographic…
Rationality in Collective Action
Collective action is interpreted as a matter of people doing something together, and it is assumed that this involves their having a collective intention to do that thing together. The account of collective intention for which the author has argued elsewhere is presented. In terms that are explained, the parties are jointly committed to intend as a body that such-and-such. Collective action problems in the sense of rational choice theory—problems…
Rationality, coordination, and convention
Obligation and Joint Commitment
We speak of ‘obligations’ in many contexts. But what are obligations? I argue that obligations of an important type inhere in what I call ‘joint commitments’. I propose a joint commitment account of everyday agreements. This could explain why some philosophers believe that we know of the obligating nature of agreements a priori. I compare and contrast obligations of joint commitment with obligations in the relatively narrow sense recommended by H…
Game theory andconvention
This Is the End'? An Ethnographic Study of Management Control and a New Management Initiative
Over recent decades, critical scholars have quite rightly warned of the control implications of new management initiatives. There is a danger, however, of treating control in a 'distal' way or as an 'end'. Through drawing on proximal theorising, we make explicit what is often implicit in such accounts, which is that control is best understood as unfinished, in process, for it is inherently contingent and unpredictable. Viewed in this way, control…
Agreements, conventions, and language
Notes on the Concept of a Social Convention
MS t OST people would surely agree-perhaps after giving the matter some thought-that social conventions are both ubiquitous and important phenomena. What, then, is a social convention? In this essay I shall be concerned, more particularly, with the question: How, if at all, is the everyday concept of a social convention to be analyzed? In his influential book Convention, the philosopher David Lewis has proposed an answer to this question which tr…
La responsabilité collective et ses implications
Une action collective a lieu lorsque les membres d'un groupe agissent à la lumière d'un co-engagement marquant l'intention de réaliser une action en tant que groupe. Certains membres du groupe, ayant été investis de cette autorité par les autres qui leur ont abandonné cette tâche, peuvent avoir déterminé l'intention collective en question. Ceci implique qu'un collectif peut être moralement responsable, et que la responsabilité d'un collectif n'a …
Two Approaches to Shared Intention
Drawing on earlier work of the author that is both clarified and amplified here, this article explores the question: what is it for two or more people to intend to do something in the future? In short, what is it for people to share an intention? It argues for three criteria of adequacy for an account of shared intention (the disjunction, concurrence, and obligation criteria) and offers an account that satisfies them. According to this account, i…
Game theory andconvention
Agreements, conventions, and language
On the question whether language has a social nature
Notes on the Concept of a Social Convention
MS t OST people would surely agree-perhaps after giving the matter some thought-that social conventions are both ubiquitous and important phenomena. What, then, is a social convention? In this essay I shall be concerned, more particularly, with the question: How, if at all, is the everyday concept of a social convention to be analyzed? In his influential book Convention, the philosopher David Lewis has proposed an answer to this question which tr…
Modelling collective belief
On Social Facts
Rationality, coordination, and convention
On Anthropological Knowledge
Walking Together
Promising, Intending, and Moral Autonomy
On Social Facts
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access On Social Facts. By Margaret Gilbert. (London: Routledge, 1989. Pp. x + 521. Price £50.00.) Roger Fellows Roger Fellows University of Bradford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 41, Issue 162, January 1991, Pages 100–104, https://doi.org/10.2307/2219792 Published: 01 January 1991
On Social Facts
On Social Facts
Is an Agreement an Exchange of Promises?
This paper challenges the common assumption that an agreement is an exchange of promises. Proposing that the performance obligations of some typical agreements are simultaneous, interdependent, and unconditional, it argues that no promise-exchange has this structure of obligations. In addition to offering general considerations in support of this claim, it examines various types of promise-exchange, showing that none satisfy the criteria noted. T…
Group Membership and Political Obligation
Journal Article Group Membership and Political Obligation Get access Margaret Gilbert Margaret Gilbert University of Connecticut Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Monist, Volume 76, Issue 1, 1 January 1993, Pages 119–131, https://doi.org/10.5840/monist19937619 Published: 09 December 2014
Rationality and Coordination
1. Rationality and predictability 2. Equilibrium 3. Epistemic rationality 4. Self-fulfilling theories 5. Paradoxes of rationality 6. Learning and norms: the case of cooperation
Hodding Carter's Funeral
Callaloo - Volume 20, Number 3, Summer 1997
Faulkner's Portrait
Callaloo - Volume 20, Number 3, Summer 1997
In Search of Sociality
This paper reviews some of the growing body of work in the analytic philosophy of social phenomena, with special reference to the question whether adequate accounts of particular social phenomena can be given in terms that are individualistic in a sense that is specified. The discussion focusses on accounts of what have come to be known as shared intention and action. There is also some consideration of accounts of social convention and collectiv…
One for All
Social Rules
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Obligation and Joint Commitment
We speak of ‘obligations’ in many contexts. But what are obligations? I argue that obligations of an important type inhere in what I call ‘joint commitments’. I propose a joint commitment account of everyday agreements. This could explain why some philosophers believe that we know of the obligating nature of agreements a priori. I compare and contrast obligations of joint commitment with obligations in the relatively narrow sense recommended by H…
L’enquête ontologique
Les sociologues n'ont jamais cessé d'exprimer leur intérêt pour le problème dit de « la nature de la réalité sociale ». Pour nombre d'entre eux, le projet de clarifier ce problème n'est rien de moins que le programme complet de leur discipline. Mais la controverse autour de la nature de la réalité sociale est très loin d'être réglée. Des conceptions diamétralement opposées s'y affrontent, les unes « réalistes », les autres « anti-réalistes ». Ce …
Collective Wrongdoing
This is a review essay of Christopher Kutz's Complicity: Ethics and Law for a Collective Age, and Jonathan Bass's Stay The Hand of Vengeance: The Politics of War Crimes Tribunals. Topics addressed include the nature of collective intentions and actions, the possibility of collective guilt, the moral responsibility of individuals in the context of collective actions
Belief and Acceptance as Features of Groups
In everyday discourse groups or collectives are often said to believe this or that. The author has previously developed an account of the phenomenon to which such collective belief statements refer. According to this account, in terms that are explained, a group believes that p if and only if its members are jointly committed to believe that p as a body. Those who fulfill these conditions are referred to here as collectively believing that p. Som…
Philosophy (34 obras) · Sociology (32 obras) · Epistemology (29 obras) · Political science (29 obras) · Law (26 obras) · Psychology (20 obras) · Law and economics (15 obras) · Social Psychology (13 obras) · Computer Science (12 obras) · Philosophical Ethics and Theory (11 obras)