Leonardo Martínez
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3673412 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Leonardo Martínez |
| NOMBRES | Leonardo |
| APELLIDO | Martínez |
| FIRMA | MARTINEZ L |
| AFILIACIONES | Boston University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8705-8146 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 23 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 16 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 11 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 12 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2001 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Comparative agreement between tuberculin skin test and QuantiFeron-TB Gold In-Tube across different levels of exposure in a college-based tuberculosis outbreak
Background Optimal intervention thresholds for students in college TB outbreaks remain debated. Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is recommended for tuberculin skin test (TST) induration greater than 15 mm. The possibility of TPT recommendation for individuals with TST medium or weak positivity in the context of recent exposure, particularly with close contact with TB, is not entirely clear. Methods The study used a cross-sectional design a…
Association of Human Cytomegalovirus exposure with tuberculosis disease in South African adults with presumptive tuberculosis
Recent studies suggested that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) exposure may increase tuberculosis (TB) disease risk. We assessed the association between active HCMV infection and recent HCMV exposure with tuberculosis (TB) disease among TB-presumptive South African adults. This was a cross-sectional case-control study that utilized stored plasma and serum samples collected from adults (≥18 years) with presumptive TB self-presenting to primary care cl…
Fighting tuberculosis hand in hand
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease closely intertwined with stigma, discrimination, and the social determinants of health. Communities of people affected by TB are experts in their care pathways, but the TB field continues to fall short of meaningfully engaging communities in TB research. This is a missed opportunity to improve the quality, relevance, person-centeredness, positive impact, and sustainability of TB research outputs. We ackn…
Within-country heterogeneity in patterns of social contact relevant for tuberculosis infection transmission, prevention, and care
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) transmission is driven by variable social, environmental, and biological factors, including the number and duration of indoor contacts. Social contact data can provide information on potential transmission patterns, but is underutilised outside the field of mathematical modelling. We explore three contexts where contact data can provide valuable insights: 1) household contact tracing; 2) infection prevention and…
Comparative evaluation of QuantiFeron-TB gold in-tube plus for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among adolescents in China
The QFT-GIT and QFT-Plus assays exhibited a high level of agreement but demonstrated a moderate correlation. IFN-γ levels measured by both QFT-GIT and QFT-Plus were comparable. Notably, Our study suggests QFT-Plus may detect a higher rate of Mtb infection among high school freshmen compared to QFT-GIT, EC skin test, and TST, though this requires cautious interpretation due to the absence of a gold standard for Mtb infection diagnosis
Kidney failure-related excess mortality during the first three years of the Covid-19 pandemic in the United States
Our study observed high levels of excess kidney failure-related mortality during the first two years of the pandemic, followed by a notable decline in the third year. This highlights the effectiveness of current policies and prevention measures implemented to mitigate the impact of the pandemic
Bridging the gap
1 IntroductionPlanetary health is an inherently complex field that requires the integration of diverse expertise, ranging from environmental science and public health to economics and social sciences. Despite growing recognition of its importance and awareness, planetary health faces significant challenges in translating its goals into effective action (1). These challenges often arise from the fragmented efforts of various sectors, each with dis…
Insights into tuberculosis burden in Karachi, Pakistan
Pakistan is one of the five highest tuberculosis burden countries globally. We estimated prevalence of adult bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis and annual risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M . tuberculosis) infection in children aged 2–4 years in Karachi, Pakistan. The survey design enabled exploration of tuberculosis burden by whether the population had previously been exposed to widespread tuberculosis active case-finding (ACF…
Improving TB detection among children in routine clinical care through intensified case finding in facility-based child health entry points and decentralized management
In 2022, an estimated 1.25 million children 50% remained undiagnosed or unreported. WHO recently recommended integrated and decentralized models of care as an approach to improve access to TB services for children, but evidence remains limited. The Catalyzing Paediatric TB Innovation project (CaP-TB) implemented a multi-pronged intervention to improve TB case finding in children in nine sub-Saharan African countries. The intervention introduced s…
Spatial spillover effect of environmental factors on the tuberculosis occurrence among the elderly
Targeted interventions among the elderly in Western Zhejiang may be more efficient than broad, province-wide interventions. Low annual mean temperature and high annual mean precipitation in local and neighboring areas tend to have higher PTB onset among the elderly
Results of community-based TB and HIV screening among transgender women and male sex workers in Pakistan
In Pakistan and globally, a large proportion of people with TB who are not receiving treatment are key populations with poor access to diagnosis and care. Transgender women and male sex workers (MSW) are heavily stigmatized and marginalized groups. While HIV rates are well documented among these key populations, little such data exists for TB. We engaged local organizations working with transgender women and MSW communities in Karachi and five ur…
Impact of micro- and macronutrient status on the incidence of tuberculosis
Macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies are associated with tuberculosis (TB) incidence. However, evidence is limited on the impact of micronutrient (vitamins and minerals) supplementation among underweight individuals. We conducted a secondary data analysis of a randomised controlled trial of lipid nutritional supplements with and without high-dose vitamin and mineral supplementation (LNS-VM vs LNS) for underweight (Body Mass Index [BMI] 2 …
Prevalence of bacteriologically-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in urban Blantyre, Malawi 2019–20
Recent evidence shows rapidly changing tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology in Southern and Eastern Africa, with need for subdistrict prevalence estimates to guide targeted interventions. We conducted a pulmonary TB prevalence survey to estimate current TB burden in Blantyre city, Malawi. From May 2019 to March 2020, 115 households in middle/high-density residential Blantyre, were randomly-selected from each of 72 clusters. Consenting eligible particip…
A university-clustered tuberculosis outbreak during the Covid-19 pandemic in eastern China
During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, a tuberculosis outbreak occurred in a university in eastern China, with 4,488 students and 421 staff on the campus. A 19-year-old student was diagnosed in August 2019. Later, the first round of screening was initiated among close contacts, but no active cases were found. Till September 2020, four rounds of screening were performed. Four rounds of screening were conducted on September 9, November 8, November 2…
Poor adult tuberculosis treatment outcome and associated factors in Gibe Woreda, Southern Ethiopia
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major medical and public health problem throughout the world, especially in developing countries including Ethiopia. Its control program is currently being challenged by the spread of drug-resistant TB, which is the result of poor treatment outcomes. Hence, this study assessed poor adult TB treatment outcomes and associated factors in Gibe Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conduc…
Behavioral and psychosocial factors of quality of life among adult people living with HIV on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, in public hospitals of Southwest Ethiopia
Despite the availability of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, the quality of life (QOL) of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHIV) has continued to be affected. However, previous studies focused on the magnitude and clinical determinants which lacks behavioral and psychosocial factors of QOL. Thus, this study aimed to identify behavioral and psychosocial determinants of QOL among Adult PLWHIV on HARRT, in Public Hospitals of Jimma Zone, South We…
Planning and commitment prompts to encourage reporting of HIV self-test results
Reporting of HIV self-test results to encourage linkage to HIV care for those who receive a positive test result is a common challenge faced by HIV self-testing programs. The impact of self-testing programs is diminished if individuals who obtain a self-test do not use the test or seek confirmatory testing and initiate HIV treatment following a positive result. We conducted a cluster randomized trial of two interventions designed to increase repo…
Toward a conceptual framework of the acceptability of tuberculosis treatment in children using a theory generative approach
To describe an early-stage holistic framework towards evaluating factors that impact the overall acceptability of TB treatment along the TB care cascade in children. We developed a conceptual framework utilising a theory generative approach. Domains were developed through review of existing definitions and analysis of existing qualitative data undertaken in acceptability studies of TB treatment in children. Clarity of domain definitions was achie…
Increasing tuberculosis burden in Latin America
Editorial
Framework for planning and monitoring active TB case finding interventions to meet the global targets in the Covid-19 era and beyond
There was an estimated 20–40% decline in tuberculosis (TB) case detection in the South-East Asia Region (SEA Region) during 2020 due to COVID-19 outbreak. This is over and above a million people with TB who were missed each year, prior to the pandemic. Active case finding (ACF) for TB has been gaining considerable interest and investment in the SEA Region and will be even more essential for finding people with TB missed due to the COVID-19 pandem…
Debt Dilution and Sovereign Default Risk
We measure the effects of debt dilution on sovereign default risk and study debt covenants that could mitigate these effects. We calibrate a baseline model with endogenous debt duration and default risk (in which debt can be diluted) using data from Spain. We find that debt dilution accounts for 78 percent of the default risk in the baseline economy and that eliminating dilution increases the optimal duration of sovereign debt by almost 2 years. …
Long-duration bonds and sovereign defaults
Gatekeeper of Influence
In Mexico, state actors controlled the channels for business-government relations during the NAFTA negotiations. However, state actors depended on the private sector for information, political support and adaptation to free trade. They incorporated business representatives into the negotiations through COECE, a business association. Our analysis of five agro-industrial sectors shows that sectors with large homogeneous firms, strong associations a…
Long-duration bonds and sovereign defaults
Debt Dilution and Sovereign Default Risk
We measure the effects of debt dilution on sovereign default risk and study debt covenants that could mitigate these effects. We calibrate a baseline model with endogenous debt duration and default risk (in which debt can be diluted) using data from Spain. We find that debt dilution accounts for 78 percent of the default risk in the baseline economy and that eliminating dilution increases the optimal duration of sovereign debt by almost 2 years. …
Gatekeeper of Influence
In Mexico, state actors controlled the channels for business-government relations during the NAFTA negotiations. However, state actors depended on the private sector for information, political support and adaptation to free trade. They incorporated business representatives into the negotiations through COECE, a business association. Our analysis of five agro-industrial sectors shows that sectors with large homogeneous firms, strong associations a…
Gatekeeper of Influence
In Mexico, state actors controlled the channels for business-government relations during the NAFTA negotiations. However, state actors depended on the private sector for information, political support and adaptation to free trade. They incorporated business representatives into the negotiations through COECE, a business association. Our analysis of five agro-industrial sectors shows that sectors with large homogeneous firms, strong associations a…
Long-duration bonds and sovereign defaults
Debt Dilution and Sovereign Default Risk
We measure the effects of debt dilution on sovereign default risk and study debt covenants that could mitigate these effects. We calibrate a baseline model with endogenous debt duration and default risk (in which debt can be diluted) using data from Spain. We find that debt dilution accounts for 78 percent of the default risk in the baseline economy and that eliminating dilution increases the optimal duration of sovereign debt by almost 2 years. …
Increasing tuberculosis burden in Latin America
Editorial
Framework for planning and monitoring active TB case finding interventions to meet the global targets in the Covid-19 era and beyond
There was an estimated 20–40% decline in tuberculosis (TB) case detection in the South-East Asia Region (SEA Region) during 2020 due to COVID-19 outbreak. This is over and above a million people with TB who were missed each year, prior to the pandemic. Active case finding (ACF) for TB has been gaining considerable interest and investment in the SEA Region and will be even more essential for finding people with TB missed due to the COVID-19 pandem…
A university-clustered tuberculosis outbreak during the Covid-19 pandemic in eastern China
During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, a tuberculosis outbreak occurred in a university in eastern China, with 4,488 students and 421 staff on the campus. A 19-year-old student was diagnosed in August 2019. Later, the first round of screening was initiated among close contacts, but no active cases were found. Till September 2020, four rounds of screening were performed. Four rounds of screening were conducted on September 9, November 8, November 2…
Poor adult tuberculosis treatment outcome and associated factors in Gibe Woreda, Southern Ethiopia
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major medical and public health problem throughout the world, especially in developing countries including Ethiopia. Its control program is currently being challenged by the spread of drug-resistant TB, which is the result of poor treatment outcomes. Hence, this study assessed poor adult TB treatment outcomes and associated factors in Gibe Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conduc…
Behavioral and psychosocial factors of quality of life among adult people living with HIV on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, in public hospitals of Southwest Ethiopia
Despite the availability of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, the quality of life (QOL) of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHIV) has continued to be affected. However, previous studies focused on the magnitude and clinical determinants which lacks behavioral and psychosocial factors of QOL. Thus, this study aimed to identify behavioral and psychosocial determinants of QOL among Adult PLWHIV on HARRT, in Public Hospitals of Jimma Zone, South We…
Planning and commitment prompts to encourage reporting of HIV self-test results
Reporting of HIV self-test results to encourage linkage to HIV care for those who receive a positive test result is a common challenge faced by HIV self-testing programs. The impact of self-testing programs is diminished if individuals who obtain a self-test do not use the test or seek confirmatory testing and initiate HIV treatment following a positive result. We conducted a cluster randomized trial of two interventions designed to increase repo…
Toward a conceptual framework of the acceptability of tuberculosis treatment in children using a theory generative approach
To describe an early-stage holistic framework towards evaluating factors that impact the overall acceptability of TB treatment along the TB care cascade in children. We developed a conceptual framework utilising a theory generative approach. Domains were developed through review of existing definitions and analysis of existing qualitative data undertaken in acceptability studies of TB treatment in children. Clarity of domain definitions was achie…
Results of community-based TB and HIV screening among transgender women and male sex workers in Pakistan
In Pakistan and globally, a large proportion of people with TB who are not receiving treatment are key populations with poor access to diagnosis and care. Transgender women and male sex workers (MSW) are heavily stigmatized and marginalized groups. While HIV rates are well documented among these key populations, little such data exists for TB. We engaged local organizations working with transgender women and MSW communities in Karachi and five ur…
Impact of micro- and macronutrient status on the incidence of tuberculosis
Macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies are associated with tuberculosis (TB) incidence. However, evidence is limited on the impact of micronutrient (vitamins and minerals) supplementation among underweight individuals. We conducted a secondary data analysis of a randomised controlled trial of lipid nutritional supplements with and without high-dose vitamin and mineral supplementation (LNS-VM vs LNS) for underweight (Body Mass Index [BMI] 2 …
Prevalence of bacteriologically-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in urban Blantyre, Malawi 2019–20
Recent evidence shows rapidly changing tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology in Southern and Eastern Africa, with need for subdistrict prevalence estimates to guide targeted interventions. We conducted a pulmonary TB prevalence survey to estimate current TB burden in Blantyre city, Malawi. From May 2019 to March 2020, 115 households in middle/high-density residential Blantyre, were randomly-selected from each of 72 clusters. Consenting eligible particip…
Bridging the gap
1 IntroductionPlanetary health is an inherently complex field that requires the integration of diverse expertise, ranging from environmental science and public health to economics and social sciences. Despite growing recognition of its importance and awareness, planetary health faces significant challenges in translating its goals into effective action (1). These challenges often arise from the fragmented efforts of various sectors, each with dis…
Insights into tuberculosis burden in Karachi, Pakistan
Pakistan is one of the five highest tuberculosis burden countries globally. We estimated prevalence of adult bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis and annual risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M . tuberculosis) infection in children aged 2–4 years in Karachi, Pakistan. The survey design enabled exploration of tuberculosis burden by whether the population had previously been exposed to widespread tuberculosis active case-finding (ACF…
Improving TB detection among children in routine clinical care through intensified case finding in facility-based child health entry points and decentralized management
In 2022, an estimated 1.25 million children 50% remained undiagnosed or unreported. WHO recently recommended integrated and decentralized models of care as an approach to improve access to TB services for children, but evidence remains limited. The Catalyzing Paediatric TB Innovation project (CaP-TB) implemented a multi-pronged intervention to improve TB case finding in children in nine sub-Saharan African countries. The intervention introduced s…
Spatial spillover effect of environmental factors on the tuberculosis occurrence among the elderly
Targeted interventions among the elderly in Western Zhejiang may be more efficient than broad, province-wide interventions. Low annual mean temperature and high annual mean precipitation in local and neighboring areas tend to have higher PTB onset among the elderly
Fighting tuberculosis hand in hand
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease closely intertwined with stigma, discrimination, and the social determinants of health. Communities of people affected by TB are experts in their care pathways, but the TB field continues to fall short of meaningfully engaging communities in TB research. This is a missed opportunity to improve the quality, relevance, person-centeredness, positive impact, and sustainability of TB research outputs. We ackn…
Within-country heterogeneity in patterns of social contact relevant for tuberculosis infection transmission, prevention, and care
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) transmission is driven by variable social, environmental, and biological factors, including the number and duration of indoor contacts. Social contact data can provide information on potential transmission patterns, but is underutilised outside the field of mathematical modelling. We explore three contexts where contact data can provide valuable insights: 1) household contact tracing; 2) infection prevention and…
Comparative evaluation of QuantiFeron-TB gold in-tube plus for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among adolescents in China
The QFT-GIT and QFT-Plus assays exhibited a high level of agreement but demonstrated a moderate correlation. IFN-γ levels measured by both QFT-GIT and QFT-Plus were comparable. Notably, Our study suggests QFT-Plus may detect a higher rate of Mtb infection among high school freshmen compared to QFT-GIT, EC skin test, and TST, though this requires cautious interpretation due to the absence of a gold standard for Mtb infection diagnosis
Kidney failure-related excess mortality during the first three years of the Covid-19 pandemic in the United States
Our study observed high levels of excess kidney failure-related mortality during the first two years of the pandemic, followed by a notable decline in the third year. This highlights the effectiveness of current policies and prevention measures implemented to mitigate the impact of the pandemic
Comparative agreement between tuberculin skin test and QuantiFeron-TB Gold In-Tube across different levels of exposure in a college-based tuberculosis outbreak
Background Optimal intervention thresholds for students in college TB outbreaks remain debated. Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is recommended for tuberculin skin test (TST) induration greater than 15 mm. The possibility of TPT recommendation for individuals with TST medium or weak positivity in the context of recent exposure, particularly with close contact with TB, is not entirely clear. Methods The study used a cross-sectional design a…
Association of Human Cytomegalovirus exposure with tuberculosis disease in South African adults with presumptive tuberculosis
Recent studies suggested that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) exposure may increase tuberculosis (TB) disease risk. We assessed the association between active HCMV infection and recent HCMV exposure with tuberculosis (TB) disease among TB-presumptive South African adults. This was a cross-sectional case-control study that utilized stored plasma and serum samples collected from adults (≥18 years) with presumptive TB self-presenting to primary care cl…
Medicine (18 obras) · Tuberculosis (14 obras) · Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology (14 obras) · Demography (8 obras) · Environmental health (8 obras) · Internal Medicine (8 obras) · Pathology (7 obras) · Pediatrics (6 obras) · Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections (6 obras) · Political science (5 obras)