Kirk R Smith
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3704797 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Kirk R Smith |
| NOMBRES | Kirk R |
| APELLIDO | Smith |
| FIRMA | SMITH K R |
| AFILIACIONES | University of California, Berkeley |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0439-1120 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 40 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 28 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 40 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1982 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Biomass Smoke Exposure and Atopy among Young Children in the Western Highlands of Guatemala
Women and children in rural regions of low-income countries are exposed to high levels of household air pollution (HAP) as they traditionally tend to household chores such as cooking with biomass fuels. Early life exposure to air pollution is associated with aeroallergen sensitization and developing allergic diseases at older ages. This prospective cohort study assigned HAP-reducing chimney stoves to 557 households in rural Guatemala at different…
Developing Visual Messages to Support Liquefied Petroleum Gas Use in Intervention Homes in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (Hapin) Trial in Rural Guatemala
BACKGROUND: Household air pollution adversely affects human health and the environment, yet more than 40% of the world still depends on solid cooking fuels. The House Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) randomized controlled trial is assessing the health effects of a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove and 18-month supply of free fuel in 3,200 households in rural Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda. AIMS: We conducted formative research in …
Increased air pollution exposure among the Chinese population during the national quarantine in 2020
The COVID-19 quarantine in China is thought to have reduced ambient air pollution. The overall exposure of the population also depends, however, on indoor air quality and human mobility and activities. Here, by integrating real-time mobility data and a questionnaire survey on time-activity patterns during the pandemic, we show that despite a decrease in ambient PM2.5 during the quarantine, the total population-weighted exposure to PM2.5 consideri…
Sanitation in Rural India
In 2017, the Joint Monitoring Programme estimated that 520 million people in India were defecating in the open every day. This is despite efforts made by the government, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and multilaterals to improve latrine coverage throughout India. We hypothesize that this might be because current interventions focus mostly on individual-level determinants, such as attitudes and beliefs, instead of considering all possible…
The Lancet Commission on pollution and health
A Low-Cost Stove Use Monitor to Enable Conditional Cash Transfers
Household air pollution, health, and climate change
Air pollution from the use of solid household fuels is now recognized to be a major health risk in developing countries. Accordingly, there has been some shift in development thinking and investment from previous efforts, which has focused only on improving the efficiency of household fuel use, to those that focus on reducing exposure to the air pollution that leads to health impact. Unfortunately, however, this is occurring just as the climate a…
Kerosene subsidies for household lighting in India
Kerosene subsidy reform is a key policy concern in India and other developing countries. As kerosene is widely used for lighting in India, any price change will likely have considerable public welfare impacts on the large fraction of the poor who do not have access to reliable electricity supply for lighting. In this study, we assess historic kerosene use for residential lighting across population groups separated by urban/rural, expenditure, and…
Changing Paradigms in Clean Cooking
Applications of a joint CO 2 and CH 4 climate debt metric
Millions Dead
In the Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) done as part of the Global Burden of Disease project (GBD-2010), the global and regional burdens of household air pollution (HAP) due to the use of solid cookfuels, were estimated along with 60+ other risk factors. This article describes how the HAP CRA was framed; how global HAP exposures were modeled; how diseases were judged to have sufficient evidence for inclusion; and how meta-analyses and exposure-r…
An Integrated Risk Function for Estimating the Global Burden of Disease Attributable to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Exposure
Background: Estimating the burden of disease attributable to long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in ambient air requires knowledge of both the shape and magnitude of the relative risk (RR) function. However, adequate direct evidence to identify the shape of the mortality RR functions at the high ambient concentrations observed in many places in the world is lacking.Objective: We developed RR functions over the entire global expo…
Household Cooking with Solid Fuels Contributes to Ambient PM 2.5 Air Pollution and the Burden of Disease
BACKGROUND: Approximately 2.8 billion people cook with solid fuels. Research has focused on the health impacts of indoor exposure to fine particulate pollution. Here, for the 2010 Global Burden of Disease project (GBD 2010), we evaluated the impact of household cooking with solid fuels on regional population-weighted ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm) pollution (APM2.5). OBJECTIVES: We estimated the proportion and concentrations of APM2.…
Ambient temperature during gestation and cold-related adult mortality in a Swedish cohort, 1915-2002
Solid Fuel Use for Household Cooking
BACKGROUND: Exposure to household air pollution from cooking with solid fuels in simple stoves is a major health risk. Modeling reliable estimates of solid fuel use is needed for monitoring trends and informing policy. OBJECTIVES: In order to revise the disease burden attributed to household air pollution for the Global Burden of Disease 2010 project and for international reporting purposes, we estimated annual trends in the world population usin…
Improving stove evaluation using survey data
Kerosene
Kerosene has been an important household fuel since the mid-19th century. In developed countries its use has greatly declined because of electrification. However, in developing countries, kerosene use for cooking and lighting remains widespread. This review focuses on household kerosene uses, mainly in developing countries, their associated emissions, and their hazards. Kerosene is often advocated as a cleaner alternative to solid fuels, biomass …
A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010
Biomass fuel and risk of tuberculosis
BACKGROUND: Although a known risk factor for several respiratory diseases, the relationship between cooking smoke and tuberculosis has not been conclusively established. Hence, a case-control study was conducted among adult women of Chandigarh Union Territory in India. METHODS: Physician-diagnosed cases of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis (n=126) and age- and residence area-matched controls (n=252) were enrolled from clinics in urban, rural…
Effect of reduction in household air pollution on childhood pneumonia in Guatemala (Respire)
Adoption and sustained use of improved cookstoves
Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural women of Tamilnadu
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the 13th leading cause of burden of disease worldwide and is expected to become 5th by 2020. Biomass fuel combustion significantly contributes to COPD, although smoking is recognized as the most important risk factor. Rural women in developing countries bear the largest share of this burden resulting from chronic exposures to biomass fuel smoke. Although there is considerable strength of…
Climate change and population in the Muslim world
Many regions of the globe especially vulnerable to climate change are home to the world’s largest Muslim populations. Projections of climatic risk and subsequent health consequences and mortality are exacerbated by growing populations. Close examination of both the current and future trends is essential for a better understanding of how severely climate change might affect such populations. While it is generally perceived that many Muslim countri…
Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions
Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions
One hundred million improved cookstoves in China
Effects of Cooking Smoke and Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Acute Respiratory Infections in Young Indian Children
Ambient temperature during gestation and cold-related adult mortality in a Swedish cohort, 1915-2002
Eye discomfort, headache and back pain among Mayan Guatemalan women taking part in a randomised stove intervention trial
Background: Indoor air pollution (IAP) from combustion of biomass fuels represents a global health problem, estimated to cause 1.6 million premature deaths annually. Aims: RESPIRE (Randomised Exposure Study of Pollution Indoors and Respiratory Effects) Guatemala is the first randomised controlled trial ever performed on health effects from solid fuel use. Its goal is to assess the effect of improved stoves (planchas) on exposure and health outcom…
Measures of appropriateness
Measures of appropriateness
Australia and Japan. Nuclear Energy Issues in the Pacific
Indoor Smoke Exposures from Traditional and Improved Cookstoves
Holly F. Reid, Kirk R. Smith, Bageshwari Sherchand, Indoor Smoke Exposures from Traditional and Improved Cookstoves: Comparisons among Rural Nepali Women, Mountain Research and Development, Vol. 6, No. 4 (Nov., 1986), pp. 293-303
One hundred million improved cookstoves in China
Women, Energy, and Health
Indoor air pollution in developing countries and acute lower respiratory infections in children
BACKGROUND: A critical review was conducted of the quantitative literature linking indoor air pollution from household use of biomass fuels with acute respiratory infections in young children, which is focused on, but not confined to, acute lower respiratory infection and pneumonia in children under two years in less developed countries. Biomass in the form of wood, crop residues, and animal dung is used in more than two fifths of the world's hou…
The Global Burden of Disease Due to Outdoor Air Pollution
As part of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Burden of Disease Comparative Risk Assessment, the burden of disease attributable to urban ambient air pollution was estimated in terms of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Air pollution is associated with a broad spectrum of acute and chronic health effects, the nature of which may vary with the pollutant constituents. Particulate air pollution is consistently and independent…
Effects of Cooking Smoke and Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Acute Respiratory Infections in Young Indian Children
China at the crossroads
Economic gains become less important as the negative health impact of smoking on the population garners more awareness. China stands at a crossroads to implement the economic promises of the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and promote the health of its population
Woodsmoke Health Effects
The sentiment that woodsmoke, being a natural substance, must be benign to humans is still sometimes heard. It is now well established, however, that wood-burning stoves and fireplaces as well as wildland and agricultural fires emit significant quantities of known health-damaging pollutants, including several carcinogenic compounds. Two of the principal gaseous pollutants in woodsmoke, CO and NOx, add to the atmospheric levels of these regulated …
Household Air Pollution from Coal and Biomass Fuels in China
OBJECTIVE: Nearly all China's rural residents and a shrinking fraction of urban residents use solid fuels (biomass and coal) for household cooking and/or heating. Consequently, global meta-analyses of epidemiologic studies indicate that indoor air pollution from solid fuel use in China is responsible for approximately 420,000 premature deaths annually, more than the approximately 300,000 attributed to urban outdoor air pollution in the country. O…
Climate Change and Global Health
Disease burden of adult lung cancer and ischaemic heart disease from passive tobacco smoking in China
Even without considering the passive smoking risks for other diseases and among children that have been documented in other countries, passive smoking poses serious health hazards for non-smokers, especially for adult female non-smokers in China, adding more urgency to the need for measures to be taken immediately to protect the health of non-smokers and curb the nation's tobacco epidemic
Eye discomfort, headache and back pain among Mayan Guatemalan women taking part in a randomised stove intervention trial
Background: Indoor air pollution (IAP) from combustion of biomass fuels represents a global health problem, estimated to cause 1.6 million premature deaths annually. Aims: RESPIRE (Randomised Exposure Study of Pollution Indoors and Respiratory Effects) Guatemala is the first randomised controlled trial ever performed on health effects from solid fuel use. Its goal is to assess the effect of improved stoves (planchas) on exposure and health outcom…
Self-rated health among Mayan women participating in a randomised intervention trial reducing indoor air pollution in Guatemala
BACKGROUND: Indoor air pollution (IAP) from solid fuels is a serious health problem in low-income countries that can be alleviated using improved stoves. Although women are the principal users, few studies have investigated the self-assessed impact of the stoves on their health and lives. METHODS: This study was conducted in rural highland Guatemala, involving 89 intervention and 80 control Mayan Indian young women (mean 27.8 years, SD 7.2). Outc…
Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions
Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions
Effect of reduction in household air pollution on childhood pneumonia in Guatemala (Respire)
Adoption and sustained use of improved cookstoves
Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural women of Tamilnadu
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the 13th leading cause of burden of disease worldwide and is expected to become 5th by 2020. Biomass fuel combustion significantly contributes to COPD, although smoking is recognized as the most important risk factor. Rural women in developing countries bear the largest share of this burden resulting from chronic exposures to biomass fuel smoke. Although there is considerable strength of…
Climate change and population in the Muslim world
Many regions of the globe especially vulnerable to climate change are home to the world’s largest Muslim populations. Projections of climatic risk and subsequent health consequences and mortality are exacerbated by growing populations. Close examination of both the current and future trends is essential for a better understanding of how severely climate change might affect such populations. While it is generally perceived that many Muslim countri…
Kerosene
Kerosene has been an important household fuel since the mid-19th century. In developed countries its use has greatly declined because of electrification. However, in developing countries, kerosene use for cooking and lighting remains widespread. This review focuses on household kerosene uses, mainly in developing countries, their associated emissions, and their hazards. Kerosene is often advocated as a cleaner alternative to solid fuels, biomass …
A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010
Biomass fuel and risk of tuberculosis
BACKGROUND: Although a known risk factor for several respiratory diseases, the relationship between cooking smoke and tuberculosis has not been conclusively established. Hence, a case-control study was conducted among adult women of Chandigarh Union Territory in India. METHODS: Physician-diagnosed cases of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis (n=126) and age- and residence area-matched controls (n=252) were enrolled from clinics in urban, rural…
Solid Fuel Use for Household Cooking
BACKGROUND: Exposure to household air pollution from cooking with solid fuels in simple stoves is a major health risk. Modeling reliable estimates of solid fuel use is needed for monitoring trends and informing policy. OBJECTIVES: In order to revise the disease burden attributed to household air pollution for the Global Burden of Disease 2010 project and for international reporting purposes, we estimated annual trends in the world population usin…
Medicine (30 obras) · Energy and Environment Impacts (28 obras) · Environmental health (27 obras) · Air Quality and Health Impacts (18 obras) · Environmental Science (17 obras) · Geography (15 obras) · Business (14 obras) · Economics (13 obras) · Population (12 obras) · Engineering (11 obras)