James Mcintyre
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3761785 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | James Mcintyre |
| NOMBRES | James |
| APELLIDO | Mcintyre |
| FIRMA | MCINTYRE J |
| AFILIACIONES | Anova Health Institute |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9150-1059 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 49 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 31 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 49 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1936 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
The Right to Restrict AI Training
Generative AI systems require vast amounts of training data, much of it scraped from the internet without creators’ consent. Critics often characterize this practice as “theft,” but such claims require showing that AI training violates creators’ property rights. However, this position risks implying that human learning and works of inspiration would count as theft, too. This paper develops two arguments for moral restrictions that apply uniquely …
Exploring healthcare workers’ experiences of managing patients returning to HIV care in Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Retention of patients in HIV care is a critical barrier to reaching the UNAIDS 90-90-90 goals in South Africa. In January 2019, Anova Health Institute launched a campaign to encourage patients who had interrupted antiretroviral therapy to return to care. The Welcome Back campaign included training of health care workers and implementation of Médecins Sans Frontiers Welcome Services principles. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to e…
Supporting retention in HIV care through a holistic, patient-centred approach
Holistic approaches such as case management have a strong potential to improve retention in care and adherence to ART. HIV is a complex disease which impacts different facets of an individual's life, hence requires holistic care to address all facets. Health systems need to transition towards holistic care to ensure that some patients do not slip through the cracks, improve patient outcomes and efficiency
Increases in HIV status disclosure and sexual communication between South African men who have sex with men and their partners following use of HIV self-testing kits
Availability of HIV self-testing may increase HIV testing frequency among men who have sex with men (MSM). It is unclear, however, if self-testing may impact HIV-related sexual behaviors among MSM, including HIV status disclosure and condom use. We conducted a mixed methods analysis of changes in HIV-related behaviors after HIV self-testing introduction, using data from 110 MSM participating in a feasibility and acceptability study of HIV self-te…
My Tablets are on Top of the Fridge’
Rural school experiences of South African gay and transgender youth
Low educational attainment, often a lack of a high school diploma or matriculation degree, has been linked to negative health outcomes and lower quality of life for sexual and gender minorities globally. However, optimism and resiliency have been demonstrated to provide buffering effects on school dropout. We conducted a study in a South African rural setting to understand the school experiences of gay men, drag queens, and transgender women in M…
Gender identity and HIV risk among men who have sex with men in Cape Town, South Africa
Gender identity plays a potentially important role contributing to HIV risk among MSM in South Africa. Where studies have included a focus on gender identity, MSM reporting gender non-conformity have been found to have a higher risk of being HIV positive than other MSM. This article examines HIV risk among gender non-conforming MSM in a sample of 316 MSM in Cape Town, South Africa. Reporting gender non-conformity was associated with higher HIV pr…
“Booze is the main factor that got me where I am today”
Excessive alcohol consumption has been shown to increase HIV risk for men who have sex with men (MSM) and compromise HIV prevention behaviors. However, there is limited contextual understanding of alcohol use for MSM in rural sub-Saharan African settings, which can inform and direct HIV interventions. Applying an adaptation of PhotoVoice, we worked with 35 HIV-positive MSM who created photo-essays about alcohol and HIV in Mpumalanga. A semi-struc…
Exploring dual disclosures for men who have sex with men in Mpumalanga, South Africa
We explored to whom rural men who have sex with men (MSM) disclose their sexual identity and HIV status in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Participants were recruited using a modified snowball sampling method in order to complete a questionnaire. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted. There were 47 participants of whom 22 self-reported as HIV-positive. Most participants disclosed their sexuality and HIV status to immediate family …
Fidelity of HIV programme implementation by community health workers in rural Mopani district, South Africa
This study demonstrates promising HIV programme implementation fidelity by CHWs in rural South Africa. Programme coverage and frequency should be improved whilst maintaining the good levels of duration and content. Resource investment, strengthening of operational structure, and research to identify other facilitators of programme implementation are warranted to improve programme effectiveness and impact
Delivering HIV services in partnership
BACKGROUND: The involvement of Global Health Initiatives (GHIs) in delivering health services in low and middle income countries (LMICs) depends on effective collaborative working at scales from the local to the international, and a single GHI is effectively constructed of multiple collaborations. Research is needed focusing on how collaboration functions in GHIs at the level of health service management. Here, collaboration between local impleme…
Sexual transactions between long distance truck drivers and female sex workers in South Africa
BACKGROUND: Female sex workers (FSWs) and long distance truck drivers (LDTDs) are considered key populations at high risk for HIV transmission due to high prevalence. The intersection of these mobile populations presents unique challenges in the fight against HIV and the movement towards reducing new infections. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the nature of sex trade along a particular transport route. Sexual transactions and …
HIV risk and prevention among men who have sex with men in rural South Africa
Rural South African men who have sex with men (MSM) are likely to be underserved in terms of access to relevant healthcare and HIV prevention services. While research in urban and peri-urban MSM populations has identified a range of factors affecting HIV risk in South African MSM, very little research is available that examines HIV risk and prevention in rural MSM populations. This exploratory study begins to address this lack by assessing percep…
Sexual behaviour of women in rural South Africa
This study provides insight into women's sexual behaviour in a rural South African region. There are important differences in sexual behaviour by age group and ethnicity and HIV status; these should be taken into account when designing tailor-made prevention packages
Anti-retroviral Therapy Based HIV Prevention Among a Sample of Men Who Have Sex with Men in Cape Town, South Africa
Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs regarding Post Exposure Prophylaxis among South African Men who have Sex with Men
How do community-based HIV prevention programmes for men who have sex with men ‘travel’? Lessons from the Ukwazana / Zwakalani journey in South Africa
Research reveals how homophobia and stigma link closely to HIV among men who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper considers the varying impact of homophobic stigma on HIV prevention programmes among men who have sex with men in South Africa. It explores how a community-based HIV prevention programme based in the peri-urban townships of Cape Town was 'translated' to peri-urban Johannesburg. Drawing on interviews with volunteers and …
Maternal and Infant Deaths
Patient factors to target for elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV
BACKGROUND: There is great impetus to achieve elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (eMTCT) by 2015, and part of this is to identify factors to target to achieve the goal. This study thus identified key patient factors for MTCT in a high HIV prevalence setting in Johannesburg, South Africa. Between November 2010 and May 2012, we conducted a case-control study among HIV-infected women with HIV-infected (cases) and uninfected (controls…
Homophobic stigma, depression, self-efficacy and unprotected anal intercourse for peri-urban township men who have sex with men in Cape Town, South Africa
While research now highlights that men who have sex with men (MSM) in places such as South Africa are at particular risk of HIV infection, left relatively unexplored are potential relationships between one of the most pressing social issues affecting peri-urban MSM - namely homophobic stigma - and sexual risk-taking behaviour. Drawing on research from the Ukwazana baseline study of 316 township MSM in Cape Town we examine how homophobic stigma re…
Minority Stress in the Lives of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Cape Town, South Africa
The mental health outcomes of men who have sex with men (MSM) living in sub-Saharan Africa are understudied, despite evidence that discrimination and stigma are widespread. This article examines the occurrence and mental health effects of minority stress in a sample of diverse South African MSM. Twenty-two MSM living in Cape Town took part in exploratory qualitative in-depth interviews and completed mental health questionnaires. Results indicate …
An exploration into the role of depression and self-efficacy on township men who have sex with men's ability to engage in safer sexual practices
Men who have sex with men (MSM) in South Africa remain at particular risk of HIV infection. The Ukwazana baseline survey is the first to explore this risk in relation to psychological factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). A cohort of 316 MSM from township peri-urban Cape Town took part in the survey. The survey found that 55.2% had engaged in UAI over the preceding 6 months. Depression was significantly associated with UAI. …
HIV and Men Who Have Sex with Men in South Africa
A Description of Common Mental Disorders in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) Referred for Assessment and Intervention at an MSM Clinic in Cape Town, South Africa
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy during and after pregnancy in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries
OBJECTIVE: To estimate antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence rates during pregnancy and postpartum in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCI Web of Science, NLM Gateway, and Google scholar databases were searched. We included all studies reporting adherence rates as a primary or secondary outcome among HIV-infected pregnant women. Two independent reviewers …
Minority Stress in the Lives of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Cape Town, South Africa
The mental health outcomes of men who have sex with men (MSM) living in sub-Saharan Africa are understudied, despite evidence that discrimination and stigma are widespread. This article examines the occurrence and mental health effects of minority stress in a sample of diverse South African MSM. Twenty-two MSM living in Cape Town took part in exploratory qualitative in-depth interviews and completed mental health questionnaires. Results indicate …
Maternal Health and HIV
The HIV/AIDS epidemic is one of the major factors affecting women's health, with 20 million women living with HIV and more than two million pregnancies in HIV-positive women each year. Most HIV infections in women are in resource-constrained settings where the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality is also unacceptably high, and where most of the 529,000 deaths from complications of pregnancy, childbirth and abortion occur annually. There is in…
Rural school experiences of South African gay and transgender youth
Low educational attainment, often a lack of a high school diploma or matriculation degree, has been linked to negative health outcomes and lower quality of life for sexual and gender minorities globally. However, optimism and resiliency have been demonstrated to provide buffering effects on school dropout. We conducted a study in a South African rural setting to understand the school experiences of gay men, drag queens, and transgender women in M…
The Agricolan fort at Fendoch
Report on excavations in 1936 and 1937. The unusual rectangular form of the fort was dictated by the space available. Features examined included the rampart, ditch and intervallum and the east gateway. All the internal features (principia, praetorium, granaries, barracks, ovens) were examined and evidence was found to suggest that the fort had been deliberately dismantled. Artefacts included an unbroken sword from a foundation trench of the princ…
Caesarean section rates in South Africa
Population group' differences in caesarean section rates among South African women are not explained by differences in demographic risk factors for assisted delivery, nor by differences in access to private health care. Instead, the differences in section rates may reflect the effect of bias in clinical decision-making, and/or differences among women from different 'population groups' in their attitude towards assisted delivery, and their capacit…
Condom avoidance and determinants of demand for male circumcision in Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND Circumcision is efficacious in reducing HIV acquisition in heterosexual males. The South Africa government has been reluctant to adopt a national circumcision programme, possibly due to concerns that circumcision may result in decreased condom use. OBJECTIVE To identify the determinants of demand for male circumcision, to examine variations by ethnicity, and to determine whether it is demanded to avoid condom use. METHODS 403 parents a…
The effects of adult morbidity and mortality on household welfare and the well-being of children in Soweto
This is the first description of the effects of adult morbidity and mortality on children residing in Soweto, an urban African setting in South Africa, in the era of HIV/AIDS. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional household survey in Soweto identified by a stratified, two-stage cluster sample. In total, 4912 households were surveyed: 4501 households with children and 411 households with no children under the age of 16 years. We present detai…
AZT trials to reduce perinatal HIV transmission
"AZT trials to reduce perinatal HIV transmission: A debate about science, ethics and resources." Reproductive Health Matters, 6(11), pp. 129–130
The Roman fort at Fendoch in Glenalmond
The Roman site at Fendoch was not unknown to an older generation, though to this one it conies as a new discovery.It was first mentioned in print by the minister of Monzie, who was responsible for the section dealing with the parish in the Statistical Account of Scotland (1795)."About two miles east from the church" (of Monzie), he wrote, 1 "at the country called Findochs, there is a large camp.It is situated opposite to the only proper passage t…
The Agricolan fort at Fendoch
Report on excavations in 1936 and 1937. The unusual rectangular form of the fort was dictated by the space available. Features examined included the rampart, ditch and intervallum and the east gateway. All the internal features (principia, praetorium, granaries, barracks, ovens) were examined and evidence was found to suggest that the fort had been deliberately dismantled. Artefacts included an unbroken sword from a foundation trench of the princ…
Caesarean section rates in South Africa
Population group' differences in caesarean section rates among South African women are not explained by differences in demographic risk factors for assisted delivery, nor by differences in access to private health care. Instead, the differences in section rates may reflect the effect of bias in clinical decision-making, and/or differences among women from different 'population groups' in their attitude towards assisted delivery, and their capacit…
AZT trials to reduce perinatal HIV transmission
"AZT trials to reduce perinatal HIV transmission: A debate about science, ethics and resources." Reproductive Health Matters, 6(11), pp. 129–130
Caught in the crossfire
(1998). Caught in the crossfire: The ethics of perinatal transmission trials in South Africa. Reproductive Health Matters: Vol. 6, Women's health services, pp. 136-139
Maternal Health and HIV
The HIV/AIDS epidemic is one of the major factors affecting women's health, with 20 million women living with HIV and more than two million pregnancies in HIV-positive women each year. Most HIV infections in women are in resource-constrained settings where the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality is also unacceptably high, and where most of the 529,000 deaths from complications of pregnancy, childbirth and abortion occur annually. There is in…
HIV disclosure and other factors that impact on adherence to antiretroviral therapy
Some authors argue that there are no predictors of adherence to medication, while others proffer indicators of likely adherence. These contextual factors are wide-ranging and may be interdependent. There are few studies of adherence in resource-poor settings. Of these, many were linked to particular trials whose conditions were highly controlled. For instance, the number of participants in the trial was small, the participants were strictly selec…
The effects of adult morbidity and mortality on household welfare and the well-being of children in Soweto
This is the first description of the effects of adult morbidity and mortality on children residing in Soweto, an urban African setting in South Africa, in the era of HIV/AIDS. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional household survey in Soweto identified by a stratified, two-stage cluster sample. In total, 4912 households were surveyed: 4501 households with children and 411 households with no children under the age of 16 years. We present detai…
"They see you as a different thing"
OBJECTIVES: To describe interactions between men who have sex with men (MSM) and healthcare workers (HCW) in peri-urban township communities in South Africa. METHOD: Qualitative study using semistructured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions in the Gauteng province townships of Soweto and Mamelodi. 32 MSM were purposively sampled for in-depth interviews and 15 for focus group discussions. Topics explored included identity, sexuality, c…
Early Antiretroviral Therapy and Mortality among HIV-Infected Infants
BACKGROUND: In countries with a high seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), HIV infection contributes significantly to infant mortality. We investigated antiretroviral-treatment strategies in the Children with HIV Early Antiretroviral Therapy (CHER) trial. METHODS: HIV-infected infants 6 to 12 weeks of age with a CD4 lymphocyte percentage (the CD4 percentage) of 25% or more were randomly assigned to receive antiretroviral …
The relationship between Haart use and sexual activity among HIV-positive women of reproductive age in Brazil, South Africa, and Uganda
The purpose of this study was to determine whether current HAART use is associated with recent sexual intercourse among HIV-infected women (18-49 years) from Brazil, South Africa and Uganda. We conducted an analysis of survey data from a cross-sectional study, which enrolled 179 HIV-infected women receiving regular care from the Mbarara Hospital HIV Clinic in Uganda (n=85); the Perinatal HIV Research Unit in Soweto, South Africa (n=50); and the I…
Alcohol and Sexual Risk Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in South African Township Communities
The socioeconomic impact of antiretroviral treatment on individuals in Soweto, South Africa
This research explores the short-term socioeconomic effect of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in HIV positive patients attending the Perinatal HIV Research Unit clinics in Soweto, South Africa. An overall increase in mean personal and household income following commencement of ART was noted. Mean personal income rose 53% over baseline income. A decrease in the number of meals missed in households was noted in 10% of the sample. The leading themes …
Preferences for Characteristics of Antiretroviral Therapy Provision in Johannesburg, South Africa
High HIV Prevalence Among Men Who have Sex with Men in Soweto, South Africa
The Soweto Men's Study assessed HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among MSM in Soweto, South Africa. Using respondent driven sampling (RDS) recruitment methods, we recruited 378 MSM (including 15 seeds) over 30 weeks in 2008. All results were adjusted for RDS sampling design. Overall HIV prevalence was estimated at 13.2% (95% confidence interval 12.4-13.9%), with 33.9% among gay-identified men, 6.4% among bisexual-identified men, and 10.…
Heterosexual HIV-1 transmission after initiation of antiretroviral therapy
Prioritising prevention strategies for patients in antiretroviral treatment programmes in resource-limited settings
Expanded access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) offers opportunities to strengthen HIV prevention in resource-limited settings. We invited 27 ART programmes from urban settings in Africa, Asia and South America to participate in a survey, with the aim to examine what preventive services had been integrated in ART programmes. Twenty-two programmes participated; eight (36%) from South Africa, two from Brazil, two from Zambia and one each from Argen…
The Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Activities of Daily Living in HIV-Infected Adults in South Africa
Condom avoidance and determinants of demand for male circumcision in Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND Circumcision is efficacious in reducing HIV acquisition in heterosexual males. The South Africa government has been reluctant to adopt a national circumcision programme, possibly due to concerns that circumcision may result in decreased condom use. OBJECTIVE To identify the determinants of demand for male circumcision, to examine variations by ethnicity, and to determine whether it is demanded to avoid condom use. METHODS 403 parents a…
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy during and after pregnancy in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries
OBJECTIVE: To estimate antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence rates during pregnancy and postpartum in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCI Web of Science, NLM Gateway, and Google scholar databases were searched. We included all studies reporting adherence rates as a primary or secondary outcome among HIV-infected pregnant women. Two independent reviewers …
Attitudes Toward Couples-Based HIV Counseling and Testing Among MSM in Cape Town, South Africa
Contextual Correlates of Per Partner Unprotected Anal Intercourse Rates Among MSM in Soweto, South Africa
HIV Risk and Prevention Among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Peri-Urban Townships in Cape Town, South Africa
Understanding the Needs of Township Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM) Health Outreach Workers
New HIV prevention technologies and their relevance to MARPS in African epidemics
Men who have sex with men (MSM) in Africa constitute a diverse group of men with different sexual identities and behaviours, many of which do not conform to a 'Westernised' gay identity (Lane, Mogale, Struthers, McIntyre & Kegeles 2008; Lane, Raymond, Dladla, Rasethe, Struthers & McFarland 2009). Many MSM identify as heterosexual and do not disclose their same sex behaviours. They remain hidden and are extremely hard to identify for research purp…
Medicine (43 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (38 obras) · Family medicine (32 obras) · Sociology (26 obras) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (24 obras) · Environmental health (23 obras) · HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk (23 obras) · Demography (20 obras) · Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV (19 obras) · Men who have sex with men (18 obras)