David Taylor-Robinson
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 376625 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | David Taylor-Robinson |
| NOMBRES | David |
| APELLIDO | Taylor-Robinson |
| FIRMA | TAYLOR-ROBINSON D |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Liverpool |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5828-7724 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 52 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 89 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 52 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2008 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Preventing children’s care entry
Background Existing reviews have documented a range of factors associated with care entry or re-entry for children, with much less attention given to the intervention literature. In addition, there has been no systematic attempt to bring these two bodies of evidence together. In this overview of systematic reviews we aimed to identify and synthesise evidence on both risk/protective factors and interventions for preventing care entry/re-entry and …
Family income trajectories and adverse outcomes in late adolescence
BACKGROUND: Low family income and poverty are linked to adverse outcomes in childhood and adolescence. However, the role of early-life family income trajectories in shaping late-adolescence outcomes remains unclear. METHODS: Using longitudinal data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study and group-based trajectory modelling, we construct family income trajectories from infancy to early adolescence. We investigate associations of these trajectories wi…
Child welfare inequalities on the agenda? A qualitative study of the local political stream in England
Causal mediation approaches for understanding pathways to inequalities and policy entry points
The reduction of health inequalities has been a priority of researchers, decision-makers and practitioners for many years. Advances in causal mediation analysis offer great promise for identifying intervention targets and inferring how policy actions might alter health inequalities. However, these methods are sometimes presented in a manner that is not accessible to the wider community of health researchers. Causal mediation methods also have a r…
Impact of family childhood adversity on risk of violence and involvement with police in adolescence
BACKGROUND: Childhood adversities, such as exposure to parental mental illness, domestic violence and abuse, substance use, and family poverty, have been linked to involvement in violence in early adulthood. However, evidence on the cumulative impact of multiple adversities throughout childhood on violence and crime in adolescence remains scarce. This study investigates the associations between trajectories of family adversity and poverty during …
Inequalities in school spending across local authorities in England
Investment in schools has wide‐ranging implications for society, from improving learning outcomes to economic growth and social cohesion. Addressing inequalities in school funding is important, as part of an effort to guarantee equal opportunities. However, little is known about the consequences of recent changes to school funding in England on school spending, including the introduction of the National Funding Formula (NFF) policy. We employed i…
Socioeconomic inequalities in mental health difficulties over childhood
Stark socioeconomic inequalities in childhood mental health have been widely reported. Understanding whether they vary with age, by type of difficulty or sex can inform public health policies to tackle socioeconomic inequalities. We investigated the effects of early life childhood socioeconomic circumstances (SECs) (maternal education and household income) on developmental trajectories of externalising and internalising difficulties in childhood …
Interventions to Reduce Parental Substance Use, Domestic Violence and Mental Health Problems, and Their Impacts Upon Children’s Well-Being
Social inequalities in child mental health trajectories
Social inequalities in internalising and externalising problems were evident across a range of EU countries, with inequalities emerging early and generally persisting throughout childhood
Socioeconomic and psychosocial outcomes of parents with children in out-of-home care
Families involved with child welfare services (CWS) often diverge systematically from the general population. They are more likely to live in challenging circumstances characterised by adverse socioeconomic conditions (e.g. poverty) and psychosocial adversities (e.g. mental health problems and substance misuse). Past research has primarily focused on the development and lifelong health and social outcomes of children who have experienced out-of-h…
Poverty and children entering care in England
Tackling the unsustainable rise in children in care is a policy priority in England. There is growing evidence that adverse socioeconomic circumstances are an important driver of children entering care. Less is known about the place of these drivers on the Children’s Services policy agenda. Our aim in this study was to elicit local authority policymakers’ understanding of the challenges in Children’s Services over the past decade and assess how t…
Implications of child poverty reduction targets for public health and health inequalities in England
Background We investigated the potential impacts of child poverty (CP) reduction scenarios on population health and health inequalities in England between 2024 and 2033. Methods We combined aggregate local authority-level data with published and newly created estimates on the association between CP and the rate per 100 000 of infant mortality, children (aged <16) looked after, child (aged <16) hospitalisations for nutritional anaemia and child (a…
The impact of housing insecurity on mental health, sleep and hypertension
Monitoring a Fragile Child Protection System
Child protection systems monitoring is key to ensuring children's wellbeing. In England, monitoring is rooted in onsite inspection, culminating in judgements ranging from 'outstanding' to 'inadequate'. But inspection may carry unintended consequences where child protection systems are weak. One potential consequence is increased child welfare intervention rates. In this longitudinal ecological study of local authorities in England, we used Poisso…
Health behaviors and subsequent mental health problems during the Covid-19 pandemic
Introduction: Public health mitigation policies aimed at slowing the spread of COVID-19 led to an increase in mental health problems (MHPs). This study examines the association between multiple pre-pandemic health behaviors and MHPs prior to, and during, the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We analyzed a representative population sample of 11,256 adults (aged 20-65 years) from Understanding Society-The UK Household Longitudinal Study. Baseline data fr…
Natural experiments for the evaluation of place-based public health interventions
Introduction Place-based public health evaluations are increasingly making use of natural experiments. This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of the design and use of natural experiment evaluations (NEEs), and an assessment of the plausibility of the as-if randomization assumption. Methods A systematic search of three bibliographic databases (Pubmed, Web of Science and Ovid-Medline) was conducted in January 2020 to capture publications …
Exploring the health and sociodemographic characteristics of people seeking advice with claiming universal credit
As the rollout for UC continues, it is important to understand how changes in eligibility for UC may impact on those who need help with applying for UC. Ensuring that the advice process and application process is responsive to a range of people with different needs can help to reduce the likelihood that the process of claiming UC will exacerbate health inequalities
Mental health impact of cuts to local government spending on cultural, environmental and planning services in England
Cuts to spending on cultural, environmental, planning and development services were associated with worsening population mental health in England. Impacts were driven by cuts to planning and development services in particular. Reinvesting in these services may contribute to improved public mental health
Inequalities in local government spending on cultural, environmental and planning services
Funding for cultural, environmental and planning services provided by local government in the UK has been cut dramatically over the last decade, with clear geographical inequalities. Local areas worst affected have been those with a higher baseline level of deprivation, those with a single-tier local government structure, and English rural local authorities. The inequalities in cuts to these services risk widening geographical inequalities in hea…
Impact of cuts to local authority spending on cultural, environmental and planning services on inequalities in childhood obesity in England
CEP spending levels may influence local childhood obesity risk, but the increasing prevalence and widening inequalities in obesity of the past decade seem to have been driven mainly by factors other than CEP spending cuts, that are also unevenly distributed across deprivation levels. The influence of specific services might be obscured by grouping CEP services for analysis
Funding for preventative Children’s Services and rates of children becoming looked after
Children in care face adverse health outcomes, throughout the life-course, relative to the general population. In England, over the last decade, the rate of children entering care has increased. The rate of change differs markedly for older and younger children, who may also experience different preventative services. These services have been subject to inequitable spending reductions due to fiscal policies trailing the 2008 recession. To assess …
Impact of cuts to local government spending on Sure Start children’s centres on childhood obesity in England
BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is rising in disadvantaged areas in England. Sure Start children's centres provide community-based services for children <5 years and their parents, including many services that can support healthy weight, directly or indirectly. Since 2010, austerity-driven cuts to local authority (LA) budgets have led to substantially reduced public expenditure on Sure Start services. We assessed whether childhood obesity prevalenc…
How does vulnerability to Covid-19 vary between communities in England? Developing a Small Area Vulnerability Index (Savi)
BACKGROUND: During the initial wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in England, several population characteristics were associated with increased risk of mortality-including, age, ethnicity, income deprivation, care home residence and housing conditions. In order to target control measures and plan for future waves of the epidemic, public health agencies need to understand how these vulnerabilities are distributed across and clustered within communities…
Effects on mental health of a UK welfare reform, Universal Credit
BACKGROUND: Universal Credit, a welfare benefit reform in the UK, began to replace six existing benefit schemes in April, 2013, starting with the income-based Job Seekers Allowance. We aimed to determine the effects on mental health of the introduction of Universal Credit. METHODS: In this longitudinal controlled study, we linked 197 111 observations from 52 187 individuals of working age (16-64 years) in England, Wales, and Scotland who particip…
How do early-life adverse childhood experiences mediate the relationship between childhood socioeconomic conditions and adolescent health outcomes in the UK
Background Both adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adverse childhood socioeconomic conditions (SECs) in early life are associated with poor outcomes across the life course. However, the complex interrelationships between childhood SECs and ACEs are unclear, as are the consequences for health outcomes beyond childhood. We therefore assessed the extent to which early-life ACEs mediate the relationship between SECs and socioemotional behaviour…
First, do no harm’
BACKGROUND: In England between 2010 and 2013, just over one million recipients of the main out-of-work disability benefit had their eligibility reassessed using a new functional checklist-the Work Capability Assessment. Doctors and disability rights organisations have raised concerns that this has had an adverse effect on the mental health of claimants, but there are no population level studies exploring the health effects of this or similar poli…
How do early-life factors explain social inequalities in adolescent mental health? Findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
BACKGROUND: Reducing inequalities in adolescent mental health is a public health priority, yet the pathways that link social conditions to mental health outcomes in the early years are unclear. We aimed to evaluate the extent to which early years risk factors explain social inequalities in adolescent mental health in the UK. METHODS: We analysed data from 6509 children captured in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Mental health was assessed through…
How does vulnerability to Covid-19 vary between communities in England? Developing a Small Area Vulnerability Index (Savi)
BACKGROUND: During the initial wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in England, several population characteristics were associated with increased risk of mortality-including, age, ethnicity, income deprivation, care home residence and housing conditions. In order to target control measures and plan for future waves of the epidemic, public health agencies need to understand how these vulnerabilities are distributed across and clustered within communities…
Roma populations and health inequalities
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the emergence of “Roma health and wellbeing” as a focus of attention in European research and in policy and the possible detrimental consequences of action founded on a generic representation of “Roma health.” Design/methodology/approach Based on discussions with and research conducted by scholars who work directly with Roma communities across European regions from a wide range of academic disciplin…
Fit-for-work or fit-for-unemployment? Does the reassessment of disability benefit claimants using a tougher work capability assessment help people into work
BACKGROUND: Many governments have introduced tougher eligibility assessments for out-of-work disability benefits, to reduce rising benefit caseloads. The UK government initiated a programme in 2010 to reassess all existing disability benefit claimants using a new functional checklist. We investigated whether this policy led to more people out-of-work with long-standing health problems entering employment. METHOD: We use longitudinal data from the…
How do early-life adverse childhood experiences mediate the relationship between childhood socioeconomic conditions and adolescent health outcomes in the UK
Background Both adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adverse childhood socioeconomic conditions (SECs) in early life are associated with poor outcomes across the life course. However, the complex interrelationships between childhood SECs and ACEs are unclear, as are the consequences for health outcomes beyond childhood. We therefore assessed the extent to which early-life ACEs mediate the relationship between SECs and socioemotional behaviour…
The impact of housing insecurity on mental health, sleep and hypertension
Funding for preventative Children’s Services and rates of children becoming looked after
Children in care face adverse health outcomes, throughout the life-course, relative to the general population. In England, over the last decade, the rate of children entering care has increased. The rate of change differs markedly for older and younger children, who may also experience different preventative services. These services have been subject to inequitable spending reductions due to fiscal policies trailing the 2008 recession. To assess …
Impact of cuts to local government spending on Sure Start children’s centres on childhood obesity in England
BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is rising in disadvantaged areas in England. Sure Start children's centres provide community-based services for children <5 years and their parents, including many services that can support healthy weight, directly or indirectly. Since 2010, austerity-driven cuts to local authority (LA) budgets have led to substantially reduced public expenditure on Sure Start services. We assessed whether childhood obesity prevalenc…
How well can poor child health and development be predicted by data collected in early childhood
BACKGROUND: Identifying children at risk of poor developmental outcomes remains a challenge, but is important for better targeting children who may benefit from additional support. We explored whether data routinely collected in early life predict which children will have language disability, overweight/obesity or behavioural problems in later childhood. METHODS: We used data on 10 262 children from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) collected …
Causal mediation approaches for understanding pathways to inequalities and policy entry points
The reduction of health inequalities has been a priority of researchers, decision-makers and practitioners for many years. Advances in causal mediation analysis offer great promise for identifying intervention targets and inferring how policy actions might alter health inequalities. However, these methods are sometimes presented in a manner that is not accessible to the wider community of health researchers. Causal mediation methods also have a r…
Poverty and children entering care in England
Tackling the unsustainable rise in children in care is a policy priority in England. There is growing evidence that adverse socioeconomic circumstances are an important driver of children entering care. Less is known about the place of these drivers on the Children’s Services policy agenda. Our aim in this study was to elicit local authority policymakers’ understanding of the challenges in Children’s Services over the past decade and assess how t…
Implications of child poverty reduction targets for public health and health inequalities in England
Background We investigated the potential impacts of child poverty (CP) reduction scenarios on population health and health inequalities in England between 2024 and 2033. Methods We combined aggregate local authority-level data with published and newly created estimates on the association between CP and the rate per 100 000 of infant mortality, children (aged <16) looked after, child (aged <16) hospitalisations for nutritional anaemia and child (a…
Impact of cuts to local authority spending on cultural, environmental and planning services on inequalities in childhood obesity in England
CEP spending levels may influence local childhood obesity risk, but the increasing prevalence and widening inequalities in obesity of the past decade seem to have been driven mainly by factors other than CEP spending cuts, that are also unevenly distributed across deprivation levels. The influence of specific services might be obscured by grouping CEP services for analysis
Scientific challenges for precision public health
The notion of ‘precision’ public health has been the subject of much debate, with recent articles coming to its defence following the publication of several papers questioning its value. Critics of precision public health raise the following problems and questionable assumptions: the inherent limits of prediction for individuals; the limits of approaches to prevention that rely on individual agency, in particular the potential for these approache…
Planning ahead in public health? A qualitative study of the time horizons used in public health decision-making
Many public health decision and policy makers feel that the timescales for decision-making are too short. Substantial systemic barriers to longer-term planning exist. Policy makers need to look beyond short-term targets and budget cycles to secure investment for long-term improvement in public health
Systematic review
Objective To review: the process of public health policy-making; variations in the extent of research evidence used; other influencing factors; and barriers to and facilitators of the use of research evidence. Design Systematic review of empirical studies reporting data on policy-making in public health. Data Sources Databases searched: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, PsychInfo, CINAHL, The Social Science Citation Index, The Science Citation Index, The Arts and…
P54 Might financial cuts drive NHS decision-making “downstream”? A qualitative study of factors affecting public health decision-making
Objectives To explore the process of public health decision-making, and the role of research evidence, taking cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a case study. Design In-depth interview study. Setting and Participants Over 30 public health policy-makers and planners in CVD, including: commissioners, public health consultants, data analysts, librarians and knowledge managers at Primary Care Trusts; public health academics; lead consultant cardiologist…
P16 Quantifying the risk of deprivation on preterm birth in UK maternity units
Objective To explore risk factors for preterm birth (PTB) between 24+0 and 34+0 gestational weeks in the UK9s largest maternity unit, with a particular focus on low risk pregnancies and the effect of socioeconomic status. Design Retrospective cohort study of routinely collected obstetric and neonatal data. Setting 50 486 singleton pregnancies booked at the Liverpool Women9s NHS Foundation Trust for all women delivering after 24+0 weeks gestation …
The Use of Research Evidence in Public Health Decision Making Processes
Prioritising public health
It is vital that the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of all new and existing policies and services affecting public health are measured in terms of their impact on the social determinants of health and health inequalities. Researchers have a vital role to play in providing the complex evidence required to compare different models of prevention and service delivery. Those working in public health must develop leadership to raise the profile o…
SP1-53 The effect of social deprivation on weight in the UK cystic fibrosis population
P1-56 Understanding the natural progression in FEV 1 decline in patients with lung disease
Introduction We outline a novel approach for longitudinal modelling of lung function with long-term follow-up in which within-patient variation over time is described by a stationary (mean-reverting) stochastic process, and apply these techniques to a unique dataset of cystic fibrosis patients in Denmark. The aim is to quantify how lung function changes in chronic lung diseases. Methods The Danish CF register contains data collected on a monthly …
O5-5.2 Evidence-based public health policy
Introduction The potential power of public health policies emphasises the need for sound decision-making. Using research evidence to underpin public health policy has been strongly promoted; however, its implementation has not been straightforward. This study explores the use of research evidence in public health decision-making. Methods We systematically reviewed empirical studies on the use of research evidence in public health policy (18 studi…
Suicides associated with the 2008-10 economic recession in England
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether English regions worst affected by the economic recession in the United Kingdom in 2008-10 have had the greatest increases in suicides. DESIGN: Time trend analysis comparing the actual number of suicides with those that would be expected if pre-recession trends had continued. Multivariate regression models quantified the association between changes in unemployment (based on claimant data) and suicides (based on data…
PS15 Policy Actions to Reduce Dietary Salt Intake
Background A range of policies aim to reduce salt intake; however, their relative effects remain unclear. We undertook a narrative synthesis of existing evidence to determine the most promising approaches. Methods We searched for systematic reviews, then empirical and modelling studies of salt reduction policies in six electronic databases. Reference lists of retrieved articles were screened and key informants were asked to identify further revie…
PP11 Using the “4Ps” Marketing Approach to Evaluate Health-Promoting Food Policies. A Rapid Scoping Review
Background Population-wide policy actions to promote a healthy diet offer potentially large benefits in terms of reducing the non-communicable disease burden. However, there are wide ranges of potential options, with varying effectiveness. In order to make sense of this diversity, we conducted a rapid scoping review and tested a simple conceptual framework for categorising policies based on the marketing “4Ps” approach (Price, Product, Place and …
PP09 Assessing the Potential Effect of Healthy Eating Policy Interventions on Socioeconomic Inequalities
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main contributors to health inequalities. CVD primary prevention includes potentially powerful interventions to promote healthy eating. However, might some dietary interventions actually widen the heath gap between rich and poor, thus leading to intervention-generated inequalities? Objective To systematically review the evidence for differential socio-economic effects associated with healthy e…
OP15 Identifying the most effective public health nutrition policies
Background EuroHeart 2 is a European research programme led by the European Heart Network and European Society of Cardiology ( http://www.ehnheart.org/euroheart-ii.html ). One aspect of the project aimed to identify the most effective public health nutrition policies, in order to inform future evidence-based strategies to promote cardiovascular health. We interviewed senior policy-makers and thought-leaders in 14 diverse EU countries to elicit th…
Smorgasbord or symphony? Assessing public health nutrition policies across 30 European countries using a novel framework
Public health nutrition policies in Europe appear diverse, dynamic, complex and bewildering. The "4 Ps" framework potentially offers a structured and comprehensive categorisation. Encouragingly, the majority of European countries are engaged in activities intended to increase consumption of healthy food and decrease the intake of "junk" food and sugary drinks. Leading countries include Finland, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, Hungary, Portugal and perh…
Austerity, sanctions, and the rise of food banks in the UK
Doctors are witnessing increasing numbers of patients seeking referrals to food banks in the United Kingdom. Rachel Loopstra and colleagues ask, is this due to supply or demand?
Understanding the impact of the economic crisis on child health
Despite the impact on social determinants, a short-term impact on child health has been detected only in specific vulnerable groups. The findings suggest the need to urgently protect vulnerable groups of children from the impact of austerity
Are interventions to promote healthy eating equally effective for all? Systematic review of socioeconomic inequalities in impact
Interventions categorised by a "6 Ps" framework show differential effects on healthy eating outcomes by SEP. "Upstream" interventions categorised as "Price" appeared to decrease inequalities, and "downstream" "Person" interventions, especially dietary counselling seemed to increase inequalities. However the vast majority of studies identified did not explore differential effects by SEP. Interventions aimed at improving population health should be…
Fit-for-work or fit-for-unemployment? Does the reassessment of disability benefit claimants using a tougher work capability assessment help people into work
BACKGROUND: Many governments have introduced tougher eligibility assessments for out-of-work disability benefits, to reduce rising benefit caseloads. The UK government initiated a programme in 2010 to reassess all existing disability benefit claimants using a new functional checklist. We investigated whether this policy led to more people out-of-work with long-standing health problems entering employment. METHOD: We use longitudinal data from the…
First, do no harm’
BACKGROUND: In England between 2010 and 2013, just over one million recipients of the main out-of-work disability benefit had their eligibility reassessed using a new functional checklist-the Work Capability Assessment. Doctors and disability rights organisations have raised concerns that this has had an adverse effect on the mental health of claimants, but there are no population level studies exploring the health effects of this or similar poli…
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Severity at Diagnosis and Glycaemic Control in the First Year of Childhood Onset Type 1 Diabetes—A Longitudinal Cohort Study
It is unclear whether diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) severity at diagnosis affects the natural history of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We analysed associations between DKA severity at diagnosis and glycaemic control during the first year post-diagnosis. We followed 341 children with T1D, c trajectories (glycaemic control) during 12 months post-diagnosis (1288 HbA1 c data-points) based on DKA, adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, SES (Socioeconomic Status) a…
How well can poor child health and development be predicted by data collected in early childhood
BACKGROUND: Identifying children at risk of poor developmental outcomes remains a challenge, but is important for better targeting children who may benefit from additional support. We explored whether data routinely collected in early life predict which children will have language disability, overweight/obesity or behavioural problems in later childhood. METHODS: We used data on 10 262 children from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) collected …
Pathways to inequalities in child health
From birth, children living in disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances (SECs) suffer from worse health than their more advantaged peers. The pathways through which SECs influence children’s health are complex and inter-related, but in general are driven by differences in the distribution of power and resources that determine the economic, material and psychosocial conditions in which children grow up. A better understanding of why children from…
Family income and exposure to norovirus in childhood
Children from low income families are at greater risk of poorer health outcomes than their wealthier peers. Hospital admissions for children with gastroenteritis increase as deprivation increases. Noroviruses are responsible for 47-96% of outbreaks of acute paediatric gastroenteritis, and 5-36% of sporadic cases worldwide. However, evidence on the relationship between family income and childhood exposure to norovirus is still limited, with publis…
How do early-life factors explain social inequalities in adolescent mental health? Findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
BACKGROUND: Reducing inequalities in adolescent mental health is a public health priority, yet the pathways that link social conditions to mental health outcomes in the early years are unclear. We aimed to evaluate the extent to which early years risk factors explain social inequalities in adolescent mental health in the UK. METHODS: We analysed data from 6509 children captured in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Mental health was assessed through…
Medicine (43 obras) · Environmental health (29 obras) · Population (23 obras) · Public health (22 obras) · Nursing (19 obras) · Economics (16 obras) · Psychiatry (16 obras) · Political science (15 obras) · Psychology (15 obras) · Mental health (14 obras)