Mark J Taylor
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3774014 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Mark J Taylor |
| NOMBRES | Mark J |
| APELLIDO | Taylor |
| FIRMA | TAYLOR M J |
| AFILIACIONES | Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5161-4182 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 20 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 4 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 20 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2001 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 1 |
Subclinical hypomania, psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diagnoses
BACKGROUND: Subclinical hypomanic symptoms are fairly common in the general population but are linked to psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions. However, the genetic and environmental origins of these associations are unclear. This twin study examined the phenotypic and aetiological associations between subclinical hypomania and psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diagnoses. METHODS: Participants were 4,932 twin pairs from the Child and Ado…
Parent‐child interaction at age 5 months
BACKGROUND: Characteristics of parent-child interaction (PCI) early in life have been associated with later development in the child. Twin studies can help to disentangle child contributions to parent-child interaction, for example, by assessing the influence of the child's genetics on his/her social environment, which includes parental behaviour. METHODS: Infant twins from a community sample [354 monozygotic (MZ), 268 same-sex dizygotic (DZ)] we…
Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions in 600 Swedish children with the avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder phenotype
BACKGROUND: Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a feeding and eating disorder characterized by extremely restricted dietary variety and/or quantity resulting in serious consequences for physical health and psychosocial functioning. ARFID often co-occurs with neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs) and psychiatric conditions, but previous data are mostly limited to small clinical samples examining a narrow range of conditions. Here, …
Sex differences in psychiatric diagnoses preceding autism diagnosis and their stability post autism diagnosis
Background Autistic individuals often receive psychiatric diagnoses prior to their autism diagnosis. It remains unclear to what extent autistic females and males differ in their likelihood of receiving psychiatric diagnoses prior to their autism diagnosis and continue seeking care for them after an autism diagnosis. Methods In a nationwide cohort of all individuals born in Sweden 1990–2015 with a clinical autism diagnosis ( N = 72,331, n females …
Genetics of monozygotic twins reveals the impact of environmental sensitivity on psychiatric and neurodevelopmental phenotypes
Individual sensitivity to environmental exposures may be genetically influenced. This genotype-by-environment interplay implies differences in phenotypic variance across genotypes, but these variants have proven challenging to detect. Genome-wide association studies of monozygotic twin differences are conducted through family-based variance analyses, which are more robust to the systemic biases that impact population-based methods. We combined da…
Age effects on autism heritability and etiological stability of autistic traits
BACKGROUND: Autism and autistic traits onset in childhood but persist into adulthood. Little is known about how genetic and environmental factors influence autism and autistic traits into adulthood. We aimed to determine age effects on the heritability of clinically diagnosed autism and the etiological stability of autistic traits from childhood to adulthood using twin methods. METHODS: From 23,849 twin pairs in the Swedish Twin Register born bet…
Sustained looking at faces at 5 months of age is associated with socio‐communicative skills in the second year of life
Efficiently processing information from faces in infancy is foundational for nonverbal communication. We studied individual differences in 5‐month‐old infants' ( N = 517) sustained attention to faces and preference for emotional faces. We assessed the contribution of genetic and environmental influences to individual differences in these gaze behaviors, and the association between these traits and other concurrent and later phenotypes. We found a…
Preferential looking to eyes versus mouth in early infancy
BACKGROUND: From birth, infants orient preferentially to faces, and when looking at the face, they attend primarily to eyes and mouth. These areas convey different types of information, and earlier research suggests that genetic factors influence the preference for one or the other in young children. METHODS: In a sample of 535 5-month-old infant twins, we assessed eye (relative to mouth) preference in early infancy, i.e., before neural systems f…
A twin study of genetic and environmental contributions to attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder over time
BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an increasingly commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental condition. One possibility is that this reflects a genuine increase in the prevalence of ADHD due to secular environmental changes, yet this hypothesis remains untested. We therefore investigated whether the genetic and environmental variance underlying ADHD, and traits of ADHD, has changed over time. METHODS: We identified twins b…
Infants’ looking preferences for social versus non-social objects reflect genetic variation
To what extent do individual differences in infants’ early preference for faces versus non-facial objects reflect genetic and environmental factors? Here in a sample of 536 5-month-old same-sex twins, we assessed attention to faces using eye tracking in two ways: initial orienting to faces at the start of the trial (thought to reflect subcortical processing) and sustained face preference throughout the trial (thought to reflect emerging attention…
Perceived child impairment and the ‘autism epidemic’
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of diagnosed Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has increased substantially across the world. Much - or even most - prevalence increase seems to reflect changes in diagnostic practice and ascertainment. A key part of ASD assessment is to document that the relevant symptoms are associated with clinical impairment. The aim of the present study is to capitalize on a nationwide longitudinal study spanning 15 consecutive birth y…
Shared familial risk factors between autism spectrum disorder and obesity – a register‐based familial coaggregation cohort study
BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses suggest an association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obesity, but the factors underlying this association remain unclear. This study investigated the association between ASD and obesity stratified on intellectual disability (ID). In addition, in order to gain insight into possible shared etiological factors, the potential role of shared familial liability was examined. METHOD: We studied a cohort of 3,141,69…
Etiological links between autism and difficulties in initiating and maintaining sleep
BACKGROUND: Difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS) are frequent features of autism, yet little is known about why these conditions co-occur. One possibility is that they share etiological factors, yet this hypothesis remains to be tested using quantitative genetic designs. We thus investigated etiological links between autism and DIMS using familial co-aggregation and twin methods. METHODS: Twins, siblings, half-siblings, and cousin…
Pupil size and pupillary light reflex in early infancy
BACKGROUND: Measures based on pupillometry, such as the pupillary light reflex (PLR) and baseline pupil size, reflect physiological responses linked to specific neural circuits that have been implicated as atypical in some psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions. METHODS: We investigated the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the baseline pupil size and the PLR in 510 infant twins assessed at 5 months of age (281 monozygot…
A genetically informed Registered Report on adverse childhood experiences and mental health
Children who experience adversities have an elevated risk of mental health problems. However, the extent to which adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) cause mental health problems remains unclear, as previous associations may partly reflect genetic confounding. In this Registered Report, we used DNA from 11,407 children from the United Kingdom and the United States to investigate gene–environment correlations and genetic confounding of the associ…
Familial and genetic associations between autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders
Background Familial and genetic associations between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders have been reported, sometimes with conflicting results. We estimated familial and genetic associations between ASD and nine disorder groups, and explored differences in these associations for ASD in the context of intellectual disability, epilepsy, chromosomal abnormalities, and congenital malformations. Metho…
Anorexia nervosa and autism
BACKGROUND: Anorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be phenotypically and etiologically linked. However, due to the absence of prospective studies, it remains unclear whether the elevation of autistic traits in AN is evident in early childhood. Here, we prospectively investigated autistic traits before and after the first diagnosis of AN. METHODS: In a population-based sample of 5,987 individuals (52.4% female) from the Child…
Issues in the development of open access to research data
This paper explores key issues in the development of open access to research data. The use of digital means for developing, storing and manipulating data is creating a focus on ‘data-driven science’. One aspect of this focus is the development of ‘open access’ to research data. Open access to research data refers to the way in which various types of data are openly available to public and private stakeholders, user communities and citizens. Open …
Health research access to personal confidential data in England and Wales
England and Wales are moving toward a model of 'opt out' for use of personal confidential data in health research. Existing research does not make clear how acceptable this move is to the public. While people are typically supportive of health research, when asked to describe the ideal level of control there is a marked lack of consensus over the preferred model of consent (e.g. explicit consent, opt out etc.). This study sought to investigate a …
Knowledge for Web site development
Web site development work is a growing aspect of the IT activities within many organisations. However, the skills and knowledge required by IT practitioners for successful Web site development are still largely uncertain. In this paper we examine the results of a research exercise involving case studies in 20 UK organisations aimed at investigating: the skills and knowledge that are required for Web site development work, how such skills and know…
A genetically informed Registered Report on adverse childhood experiences and mental health
Children who experience adversities have an elevated risk of mental health problems. However, the extent to which adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) cause mental health problems remains unclear, as previous associations may partly reflect genetic confounding. In this Registered Report, we used DNA from 11,407 children from the United Kingdom and the United States to investigate gene–environment correlations and genetic confounding of the associ…
Infants’ looking preferences for social versus non-social objects reflect genetic variation
To what extent do individual differences in infants’ early preference for faces versus non-facial objects reflect genetic and environmental factors? Here in a sample of 536 5-month-old same-sex twins, we assessed attention to faces using eye tracking in two ways: initial orienting to faces at the start of the trial (thought to reflect subcortical processing) and sustained face preference throughout the trial (thought to reflect emerging attention…
Health research access to personal confidential data in England and Wales
England and Wales are moving toward a model of 'opt out' for use of personal confidential data in health research. Existing research does not make clear how acceptable this move is to the public. While people are typically supportive of health research, when asked to describe the ideal level of control there is a marked lack of consensus over the preferred model of consent (e.g. explicit consent, opt out etc.). This study sought to investigate a …
Knowledge for Web site development
Web site development work is a growing aspect of the IT activities within many organisations. However, the skills and knowledge required by IT practitioners for successful Web site development are still largely uncertain. In this paper we examine the results of a research exercise involving case studies in 20 UK organisations aimed at investigating: the skills and knowledge that are required for Web site development work, how such skills and know…
Issues in the development of open access to research data
This paper explores key issues in the development of open access to research data. The use of digital means for developing, storing and manipulating data is creating a focus on ‘data-driven science’. One aspect of this focus is the development of ‘open access’ to research data. Open access to research data refers to the way in which various types of data are openly available to public and private stakeholders, user communities and citizens. Open …
Health research access to personal confidential data in England and Wales
England and Wales are moving toward a model of 'opt out' for use of personal confidential data in health research. Existing research does not make clear how acceptable this move is to the public. While people are typically supportive of health research, when asked to describe the ideal level of control there is a marked lack of consensus over the preferred model of consent (e.g. explicit consent, opt out etc.). This study sought to investigate a …
Familial and genetic associations between autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders
Background Familial and genetic associations between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders have been reported, sometimes with conflicting results. We estimated familial and genetic associations between ASD and nine disorder groups, and explored differences in these associations for ASD in the context of intellectual disability, epilepsy, chromosomal abnormalities, and congenital malformations. Metho…
Anorexia nervosa and autism
BACKGROUND: Anorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be phenotypically and etiologically linked. However, due to the absence of prospective studies, it remains unclear whether the elevation of autistic traits in AN is evident in early childhood. Here, we prospectively investigated autistic traits before and after the first diagnosis of AN. METHODS: In a population-based sample of 5,987 individuals (52.4% female) from the Child…
Perceived child impairment and the ‘autism epidemic’
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of diagnosed Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has increased substantially across the world. Much - or even most - prevalence increase seems to reflect changes in diagnostic practice and ascertainment. A key part of ASD assessment is to document that the relevant symptoms are associated with clinical impairment. The aim of the present study is to capitalize on a nationwide longitudinal study spanning 15 consecutive birth y…
Shared familial risk factors between autism spectrum disorder and obesity – a register‐based familial coaggregation cohort study
BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses suggest an association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obesity, but the factors underlying this association remain unclear. This study investigated the association between ASD and obesity stratified on intellectual disability (ID). In addition, in order to gain insight into possible shared etiological factors, the potential role of shared familial liability was examined. METHOD: We studied a cohort of 3,141,69…
Etiological links between autism and difficulties in initiating and maintaining sleep
BACKGROUND: Difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS) are frequent features of autism, yet little is known about why these conditions co-occur. One possibility is that they share etiological factors, yet this hypothesis remains to be tested using quantitative genetic designs. We thus investigated etiological links between autism and DIMS using familial co-aggregation and twin methods. METHODS: Twins, siblings, half-siblings, and cousin…
Pupil size and pupillary light reflex in early infancy
BACKGROUND: Measures based on pupillometry, such as the pupillary light reflex (PLR) and baseline pupil size, reflect physiological responses linked to specific neural circuits that have been implicated as atypical in some psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions. METHODS: We investigated the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the baseline pupil size and the PLR in 510 infant twins assessed at 5 months of age (281 monozygot…
A genetically informed Registered Report on adverse childhood experiences and mental health
Children who experience adversities have an elevated risk of mental health problems. However, the extent to which adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) cause mental health problems remains unclear, as previous associations may partly reflect genetic confounding. In this Registered Report, we used DNA from 11,407 children from the United Kingdom and the United States to investigate gene–environment correlations and genetic confounding of the associ…
Preferential looking to eyes versus mouth in early infancy
BACKGROUND: From birth, infants orient preferentially to faces, and when looking at the face, they attend primarily to eyes and mouth. These areas convey different types of information, and earlier research suggests that genetic factors influence the preference for one or the other in young children. METHODS: In a sample of 535 5-month-old infant twins, we assessed eye (relative to mouth) preference in early infancy, i.e., before neural systems f…
A twin study of genetic and environmental contributions to attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder over time
BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an increasingly commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental condition. One possibility is that this reflects a genuine increase in the prevalence of ADHD due to secular environmental changes, yet this hypothesis remains untested. We therefore investigated whether the genetic and environmental variance underlying ADHD, and traits of ADHD, has changed over time. METHODS: We identified twins b…
Infants’ looking preferences for social versus non-social objects reflect genetic variation
To what extent do individual differences in infants’ early preference for faces versus non-facial objects reflect genetic and environmental factors? Here in a sample of 536 5-month-old same-sex twins, we assessed attention to faces using eye tracking in two ways: initial orienting to faces at the start of the trial (thought to reflect subcortical processing) and sustained face preference throughout the trial (thought to reflect emerging attention…
Age effects on autism heritability and etiological stability of autistic traits
BACKGROUND: Autism and autistic traits onset in childhood but persist into adulthood. Little is known about how genetic and environmental factors influence autism and autistic traits into adulthood. We aimed to determine age effects on the heritability of clinically diagnosed autism and the etiological stability of autistic traits from childhood to adulthood using twin methods. METHODS: From 23,849 twin pairs in the Swedish Twin Register born bet…
Sustained looking at faces at 5 months of age is associated with socio‐communicative skills in the second year of life
Efficiently processing information from faces in infancy is foundational for nonverbal communication. We studied individual differences in 5‐month‐old infants' ( N = 517) sustained attention to faces and preference for emotional faces. We assessed the contribution of genetic and environmental influences to individual differences in these gaze behaviors, and the association between these traits and other concurrent and later phenotypes. We found a…
Parent‐child interaction at age 5 months
BACKGROUND: Characteristics of parent-child interaction (PCI) early in life have been associated with later development in the child. Twin studies can help to disentangle child contributions to parent-child interaction, for example, by assessing the influence of the child's genetics on his/her social environment, which includes parental behaviour. METHODS: Infant twins from a community sample [354 monozygotic (MZ), 268 same-sex dizygotic (DZ)] we…
Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions in 600 Swedish children with the avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder phenotype
BACKGROUND: Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a feeding and eating disorder characterized by extremely restricted dietary variety and/or quantity resulting in serious consequences for physical health and psychosocial functioning. ARFID often co-occurs with neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs) and psychiatric conditions, but previous data are mostly limited to small clinical samples examining a narrow range of conditions. Here, …
Sex differences in psychiatric diagnoses preceding autism diagnosis and their stability post autism diagnosis
Background Autistic individuals often receive psychiatric diagnoses prior to their autism diagnosis. It remains unclear to what extent autistic females and males differ in their likelihood of receiving psychiatric diagnoses prior to their autism diagnosis and continue seeking care for them after an autism diagnosis. Methods In a nationwide cohort of all individuals born in Sweden 1990–2015 with a clinical autism diagnosis ( N = 72,331, n females …
Genetics of monozygotic twins reveals the impact of environmental sensitivity on psychiatric and neurodevelopmental phenotypes
Individual sensitivity to environmental exposures may be genetically influenced. This genotype-by-environment interplay implies differences in phenotypic variance across genotypes, but these variants have proven challenging to detect. Genome-wide association studies of monozygotic twin differences are conducted through family-based variance analyses, which are more robust to the systemic biases that impact population-based methods. We combined da…
Subclinical hypomania, psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diagnoses
BACKGROUND: Subclinical hypomanic symptoms are fairly common in the general population but are linked to psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions. However, the genetic and environmental origins of these associations are unclear. This twin study examined the phenotypic and aetiological associations between subclinical hypomania and psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diagnoses. METHODS: Participants were 4,932 twin pairs from the Child and Ado…
Psychology (18 obras) · Psychiatry (13 obras) · Medicine (11 obras) · Autism (10 obras) · Clinical Psychology (10 obras) · Autism Spectrum Disorder Research (9 obras) · Developmental psychology (9 obras) · Heritability (9 obras) · Autism spectrum disorder (8 obras) · Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues (7 obras)