John E Williams
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3787528 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | John E Williams |
| NOMBRES | John E |
| APELLIDO | Williams |
| FIRMA | WILLIAMS J E |
| AFILIACIONES | Wake Forest University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1353-2685 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 64 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 170 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 64 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1955 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Ghanaian women’s experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) during group antenatal care
Intimate partner violence (IPV) impacts women of reproductive age globally and can lead to significant negative consequences during pregnancy. This study describes an exploratory aim of a cluster randomised controlled trial designed to assess the outcomes of Group Antenatal Care (ANC) in Ghana. The purpose was to understand the effect of a healthy relationship Group ANC module on experiences of IPV and safety planning as well as to explore the re…
Effect of Group Antenatal Care on Breastfeeding Knowledge and Practices Among Pregnant Women in Ghana
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months after birth to ensure child health and survival. Antenatal care provides an opportunity to educate pregnant women on optimal breastfeeding practices. A cluster-randomized control trial in Ghana examined the impact of group antenatal care on breastfeeding knowledge and practice. The study enrolled 1761 pregnant women from 14 health facilities in Ghana. …
Knowledge, Acceptance, and Uptake of Family Planning
The use of family planning (FP) methods significantly contributes to improved outcomes for mothers and their offspring. However, the use of FP remains low, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. A cluster randomized controlled clinical trial was implemented in Ghana, comparing group antenatal care (ANC) with routine care. The group ANC intervention included eight meetings where the seventh group meeting incorporated information and dis…
Implementing maternal and newborn health quality of care standards in healthcare facilities to improve the adoption of respectful maternity care in Bangladesh, Ghana and Tanzania
INTRODUCTION: Many women worldwide cannot access respectful maternity care (RMC). We assessed the effect of implementing maternal and newborn health (MNH) quality of care standards on RMC measures. METHODS: We used a facility-based controlled before and after design in 43 healthcare facilities in Bangladesh, Ghana and Tanzania. Interviews with women and health workers and observations of labour and childbirth were used for data collection. We est…
Institutionalising maternal and newborn quality-of-care standards in Bangladesh, Ghana and Tanzania
INTRODUCTION: Facility interventions to improve quality of care around childbirth are known but need to be packaged, tested and institutionalised within health systems to impact on maternal and newborn outcomes. METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional assessments at baseline (2016) and after 18 months of provider-led implementation of UNICEF/WHO's Every Mother Every Newborn Quality Improvement (EMEN-QI) standards (preceding the WHO Standards for im…
Effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) in Ghana
INTRODUCTION: Ghana adopted the revised WHO recommendation on intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) in 2012. This study has assessed the effectiveness and safety of this policy in Ghana. METHODS: A total of 1926 pregnant women enrolled at antenatal care (ANC) clinics were assessed for birth outcomes at delivery, and placental histology results for malaria infection were obtained from 1642 partici…
I am still confused as to what caused the problem’
Neonatal morbidity and mortality remain a significant challenge in Ghana. Given the relationship between care-seeking and understanding of illness, this study aimed to explore mothers' perceptions of the cause of illness and/or death in Northern Ghana. All neonatal deaths and near-misses (babies who survived a life-threatening complication) in 2015 and 2016 were identified through a community - and facility-based surveillance system. Mothers of t…
Determinants of attending antenatal care at least four times in rural Ghana
BACKGROUND: Improving maternal health is a global challenge. In Ghana, maternal morbidity and mortality rates remain high, particularly in rural areas. Antenatal care (ANC) attendance is known to improve maternal health. However, few studies have updated current knowledge regarding determinants of ANC attendance. OBJECTIVE: This study examined factors associated with ANC attendance in predominantly rural Ghana. METHODS: We conducted a cross-secti…
Impact of combined intermittent preventive treatment of malaria and helminths on anaemia, sustained attention, and recall in Northern Ghanaian schoolchildren
BACKGROUND: The benefits of integrated control of malaria, schistosomiasis, and soil-transmitted helminth infections have not been fully explored in Ghanaian schoolchildren. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of co-administered artemether-lumefantrine plus albendazole, and artemether-lumefantrine plus albendazole plus praziquantel compared to albendazole plus praziquantel on anaemia, sustained attention, and recall in schoolchildren. DESIGN: This th…
Can performance-based incentives improve motivation of nurses and midwives in primary facilities in northern Ghana? A quasi-experimental study
BACKGROUND: Lack of an adequate and well-performing health workforce has emerged as the biggest barrier to scaling up health services provision in sub-Saharan Africa. As the global community commits to the Sustainable Development Goals and universal health coverage, health workforce challenges are critical. In northern Ghana, performance-based incentives (PBIs) were introduced to improve health worker motivation and service quality. OBJECTIVE: Th…
Respondents’ Exposure to Community‐based Services and Reported Fertility‐Regulation Behavior
This article examines a decade of demographic surveillance data from rural northern Ghana linked with prospective panel survey data recording respondents’ reported fertility‐regulation behavior. We assess the impact of access to community‐based contraceptive services, reported fertility‐regulation behavior, and their interaction on the risk of a conception that results in a birth. The effects of service exposure differ by marital status. Reported…
Impact of an electronic clinical decision support system on workflow in antenatal care
BACKGROUND: The implementation of new technology can interrupt established workflows in health care settings. The Quality of Maternal Care (QUALMAT) project has introduced an electronic clinical decision support system (eCDSS) for antenatal care (ANC) and delivery in rural primary health care facilities in Africa. OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to investigate the influence of the QUALMAT eCDSS on the workflow of health care workers in rura…
Nesting doctoral students in collaborative North–South partnerships for health systems research
BACKGROUND: The European Union (EU) supports North-South Partnerships and collaborative research projects through its Framework Programmes and Horizon 2020. There is limited research on how such projects can be harnessed to provide a structured platform for doctoral level studies as a way of strengthening health system research capacity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the challenges of, and facilitatin…
Pregnancy-related mortality in Africa and Asia
BACKGROUND: Women continue to die in unacceptably large numbers around the world as a result of pregnancy, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Part of the problem is a lack of accurate, population-based information characterising the issues and informing solutions. Population surveillance sites, such as those operated within the INDEPTH Network, have the potential to contribute to bridging the information gaps. OBJECTIVE: To describe pat…
Malaria mortality in Africa and Asia
BACKGROUND: Malaria continues to be a major cause of infectious disease mortality in tropical regions. However, deaths from malaria are most often not individually documented, and as a result overall understanding of malaria epidemiology is inadequate. INDEPTH Network members maintain population surveillance in Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites across Africa and Asia, in which individual deaths are followed up with verbal autopsies…
Cognitive Second Language Acquisition
Cognitive approaches to second language acquisition are characterized by an interest in how the human mind deals with language in learning; in what language learners know and how they use that knowledge in speaking and understanding.
The Long‐Term Fertility Impact of the Navrongo Project in Northern Ghana
This study assesses the long‐term fertility impact of the Community Health and Family Planning Project of the Navrongo Health Research Centre in Ghana and addresses policy debates concerning the role of family planning programs in rural Africa. Conducted in a remote traditional area on Ghana's northern border, the study tests the hypothesis that convenient family planning service delivery can induce and sustain reproductive change in a societal c…
The importance of psychological traits
Maternal Mortality Decline in the Kassena-Nankana District of Northern Ghana
Use of Health Professionals for Delivery Following the Availability of Free Obstetric Care in Northern Ghana
Voluntary counseling and HIV testing for pregnant women in the Kassena-Nankana district of northern Ghana
This study reports the results of a cross-sectional questionnaire survey undertaken in the Kassena-Nankana district of Ghana to assess the perception and attitude of 270 antenatal clinic attendants towards voluntary counseling and HIV testing. It was found that although 92.6% (95% CI 88.8-95.4) of respondents indicated a willingness to get tested, only 51% (95% CI 45.0-57.2) considered HIV testing for pregnant women to be useful. Most (93.6%) ind…
Research
This study investigated the relation of individuals' descriptions of self, God, and Satan. At a large urban university, 102 students who identified their religious affiliation as Protestant used 100-item versions of the Adjective Check List (ACL) to describe self, God, and Satan. A total of 11 ACL scores were computed for each description. Participants described God as gender neutral, favorable, and strong, but not active, and high on the nurturi…
Personification of Death, as Seen in Adjective Check List Descriptions, among Funeral Service and University Students
One hundred twenty-nine undergraduate psychology students at a large urban university and 55 students at a college of funeral service completed the Death Anxiety Questionnaire (Conte, Weiner,&Plutchik, 1982), the Revised Death Anxiety Scale (Thorson&Powell, 1994), a nine question measure of belief in an afterlife (Daws, 1980), and used the 300-item Adjective Check List (ACL; Gough&Heilbrun, 1980) to describe what death might be like if personifie…
Psychology experiments
Revisiting the Stability of Variability
The concept of traitedness asserts that some people are so consistent/variable with regard to relevant trait behavior that they should be considered “traited”/“untraited” on a given factor. The present studies assessed the stability of traitedness, operationalized via the intra-individual standard deviations for each of the Big Five factors, over time using two different instruments. Self-descriptions of male and female university students on the…
Awareness and expression of sex stereotypes in young children
Pancultural Gender Stereotypes Revisited
Sex stereotypes in the united states revisited
The Long‐Term Fertility Impact of the Navrongo Project in Northern Ghana
This study assesses the long‐term fertility impact of the Community Health and Family Planning Project of the Navrongo Health Research Centre in Ghana and addresses policy debates concerning the role of family planning programs in rural Africa. Conducted in a remote traditional area on Ghana's northern border, the study tests the hypothesis that convenient family planning service delivery can induce and sustain reproductive change in a societal c…
Connotations of racial concepts and color names
Sex-Trait Stereotypes in France, Germany, and Norway
Previous studies in the United States, England, and Ireland had demonstrated a high degree of cross-national generality in sex-trait stereotypes, i.e., the psychological traits which are differentially ascribed to men and women (e.g., men are aggressive, women are emotional, and the like). The present article reports on similar studies conducted with university student subjects in France, Germany, and Norway who were given translated versions of …
A further analysis of the affective meanings associated with male and female sex-trait stereotypes
Changes in the connotations of color names among negroes and caucasians
Extension of Color Bias Research to Young French and Italian Children
Previous research has documented a pancultural tendency for positive evaluation to be associated with the color white and negative evaluation to be associated with black. This pro-white/anti-black bias has been demonstrated among both Euro-and Afro-American preschoolers using the Color Meaning Test (CMT) and other procedures. Translated versions of CMT and a companion measure, the Preschool Racial Attitude Measure (PRAM), were administered to sam…
Research
This study investigated the relation of individuals' descriptions of self, God, and Satan. At a large urban university, 102 students who identified their religious affiliation as Protestant used 100-item versions of the Adjective Check List (ACL) to describe self, God, and Satan. A total of 11 ACL scores were computed for each description. Participants described God as gender neutral, favorable, and strong, but not active, and high on the nurturi…
A Study of Intestinal Protozoa Including Non-Pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica from Patients in a Group of Mental Hospitals
Twenty-five per cent of 174 patients residing in three mental hospitals were found to be infected with protozoa. Seven per cent of the patients were infected with Entameba histolytica. Isoenzyme characterization of the E. histolytica grown in culture showed that there were no pathogenic zymodemes of this organism in any of the specimens tested. (Am J Public Health 1982;72:178-180.)
"Comment on Banks's "White preference in Blacks
Color Bias among Young Japanese Children
Previous studies of preschool children in the United States and Western Europe had demonstrated a bias favoring the color white relative to the color black, and a bias favoring light-skinned human figures. In this study, procedures used in previous studies were translated and administered to Japanese preschoolers, aged 40 to 73 months. Both types of bias were found among the Japanese children indicating that pro-white and pro-light-skinned biases…
Portuguese Children's Knowledge of Sex Stereotypes
Williams and Best's (1982) study of the development of sex-stereotype knowledge among young children in 24 countries was extended to Portugal. Subjects were 444 children (5-, 8-, and 11-year-olds), with each age group evenly divided by gender, and each age/gender group evenly divided into three levels of socioeconomic status (SES). Subjects were administered the Sex Stereotype Measure II (SSM II) in which children select between male and female s…
Sex-trait stereotypes in the self-and peer descriptions of third grade children
Women Law Students’ Descriptions of Self and the Ideal Lawyer
This study employed the Adjective Check List to assess descriptions of self and ideal lawyer among women law students in terms of sex-trait stereotypes and need structures. When compared to a sample of female undergraduates, the law students exhibited more self-confidence and autonomy. However, the law students perceived the ideal lawyer to be more rational and less emotional than themselves. While the female law students and female undergraduate…
Evaluation dimension of the affective meaning system of the preschool child
The graduate preparation of the college professor of psychology
Cross-Cultural Measurement or Racial and Ethnic Attitudes by the Semantic Differential
Mode of failure, interference tendencies, and achievement imagery
An analysis of speech behavior in groups differing in achievement imagery and defensiveness1
Acceptance by others and its relationship to acceptance of self and others
Connotations of racial concepts and color names
A Method for Assessing Racial Attitudes in Preschool Children
Cross-Cultural Measurement of Racial and Ethnic Attitudes by the Semantic Differential
Journal Article Cross-Cultural Measurement of Racial and Ethnic Attitudes by the Semantic Differential Get access J. Kenneth Morland, J. Kenneth Morland Randolph-Macon Woman's College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar John E. Williams John E. Williams Wake Forest University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 48, Issue 1, September 1969, Pages 107–11…
Cross-Cultural Measurement or Racial and Ethnic Attitudes by the Semantic Differential
The graduate preparation of the college professor of psychology
Changes in the connotations of color names among negroes and caucasians
Evaluation dimension of the affective meaning system of the preschool child
Changes in the Connotations of Racial Concepts and Color Names
This study was a 1970 replication of a 1963 study which assessed the connotative (affective) meanings of color, color-person, and ethnic concepts among Caucasian college students at Wake Forest University. The purpose was to determine whether including the development of the black identity movement during intervening years, had modified the affective meanings of these concepts. The results showed no significant change in the color (e.g., White an…
Secondary factors in the affective meaning system of the preschool child
Preschool Racial Attitude Measure II
The earlier version of the Preschool Racial Attitude Measure (PRAM I) has been found to be a useful measure in attitude development and modification studies of young children. This paper describes the lengthened and otherwise revised version of this procedure—PRAM II. Standardization data are reported for 252 Caucasian and 140 Negro children, ranging in age from 37 to 85 months (mean = 64 months), who were tested by Caucasian and Negro examiners.…
Correlates of Race and Color Bias among Preschool Children
This paper reports the findings of an investigation of preschool Euro-American children in which were explored the relationship of individual differences in racial bias and white-black color bias to the children's general responses to light and darkness, and to certain maternal attitudes and personality traits. Using the Preschool Racial Attitude Measure II and Color Meaning Test II procedures developed by Williams and his associates, significant…
Relation of Racial Attitudes to Sociometric Choices among Second Grade Children
This paper reports the findings of a study of the relation of racial attitudes to interpersonal choice behavior among second grade school children. Children (32 Euro-American and 20 Afro-American) who comprised two intact classrooms in an integrated public school were administered the Preschool Racial Attitude Measure (PRAM II) and a sociometric procedure which asked them to choose classmates as associates for three different activities. For all …
Awareness and expression of sex stereotypes in young children
Extension of Color Bias Research to Young French and Italian Children
Previous research has documented a pancultural tendency for positive evaluation to be associated with the color white and negative evaluation to be associated with black. This pro-white/anti-black bias has been demonstrated among both Euro-and Afro-American preschoolers using the Color Meaning Test (CMT) and other procedures. Translated versions of CMT and a companion measure, the Preschool Racial Attitude Measure (PRAM), were administered to sam…
Color Bias in a Sample of Young German Children
Data for 56 German children (66.02 mo. old) were similar to those of French, Italian, and Euro-American children in the standardization on the Preschool Racial Attitude Measure II and the Color Meaning Test II. Data suggested the pro-light-skinned bias observed among such young children may in part be a color bias originating in early learning
Sex Stereotypes and Trait Favorability on the Adjective Check List
Using the items from the Adjective Check List in a relative judgment method. Williams and Bennett (1975) found that men and women subjects were in close agreement as to the characteristics which compose the male and female sex stereotypes. The present study was designed to replicate the Williams and Bennett findings using an absolute judgment method and also to investigate the favorability of each stereotype more systematically. Results indicated…
Sex-Stereotyped Traits, Physical Attractiveness, and Interpersonal Attraction
Two distinct categories of information operative in interpersonal situations are what a person “looks like” and what the person “acts like.” The former can be represented by degree of physical attractiveness. The latter can be summarized in terms of personality traits, classified according to the degree to which they are typically seen as masculine or feminine. The present research assessed the effects of simultaneously manipulating these two var…
Race, Color and the Young Child
A social-developmental psychologist and a social anthropologist describe what is known--and what needs to be investigated--concerning the development of race and color concepts in young children. The authors summarize the results of their fifteen-year research and integrate their findings with those of other investigators to provide, in a single source, a much-needed summary of the research literature and a more comprehensive theoretical analysis…
Women Law Students’ Descriptions of Self and the Ideal Lawyer
This study employed the Adjective Check List to assess descriptions of self and ideal lawyer among women law students in terms of sex-trait stereotypes and need structures. When compared to a sample of female undergraduates, the law students exhibited more self-confidence and autonomy. However, the law students perceived the ideal lawyer to be more rational and less emotional than themselves. While the female law students and female undergraduate…
Race, Color, and the Young Child
Color Bias among Young Japanese Children
Previous studies of preschool children in the United States and Western Europe had demonstrated a bias favoring the color white relative to the color black, and a bias favoring light-skinned human figures. In this study, procedures used in previous studies were translated and administered to Japanese preschoolers, aged 40 to 73 months. Both types of bias were found among the Japanese children indicating that pro-white and pro-light-skinned biases…
Medical students' descriptions of self and ideal physician
Psychology (47 obras) · Social Psychology (28 obras) · Medicine (21 obras) · Developmental psychology (20 obras) · Social Psychology (18 obras) · Global Maternal and Child Health (16 obras) · Demography (14 obras) · Sociology (14 obras) · Environmental health (13 obras) · Population (12 obras)