Robert Garofalo
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3804107 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Robert Garofalo |
| NOMBRES | Robert |
| APELLIDO | Garofalo |
| FIRMA | GAROFALO R |
| AFILIACIONES | Lurie Children's Hospital |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 49 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 207 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 49 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1987 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
An Evidence-Based Approach to Facilitating PrEP Initiation Among YMSM
Men who have sex with men (MSM) account for nearly 70% of new HIV infections annually. Although awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is growing, uptake remains low among young MSM. Peer navigators are well positioned to guide patients through PrEP care, provide psychosocial support, build trust, and demystify PrEP. Given strong evidence to support mobile health (mHealth) apps for enhancing HIV prevention knowledge, our team created MyPEEP…
Psychometric Evaluation of a Revised Instrument for Assessing HIV Knowledge Among SGM Men
Accurate assessment of general HIV and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) knowledge is essential for evaluating contemporary prevention efforts. This study examined the psychometric properties of a revised HIV and PrEP knowledge instrument for young sexual and gender minority (SGM) men. Data were collected from 1,519 participants (ages 17–29) via an online survey. Of the original 31 items, 7 were removed based on item analysis, and Exploratory Facto…
Awareness and use of pre-exposure prophylaxis in a United States national sample of young sexual and gender minority men
Young sexual and gender minority (SGM) men remain disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic. Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in preventing HIV acquisition, uptake among SGM men in the United States (US) remains suboptimal. To better understand disparities in PrEP awareness, use, and adherence, we examined baseline survey data from the Limited Interaction Targeted Epidemiology (LITE-2) cohort, which included 3,14…
The Dual Burden of Weight in YMSM
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) navigate a unique intersection of health risks characterized by structural drivers of obesity and intense sociocultural pressures for thinness. While Body Mass Index (BMI) differences are documented in the general population, less is known about how these patterns manifest within the specific appearance-potent subcultures of YMSM. This study describes BMI profiles across racial/ethnic …
Pet Ownership is Associated with Durable Viral Suppression but Presents Healthcare Access Challenges for People with HIV
Human-animal interaction (HAI; e.g., pet ownership) may contribute to enhanced health and well-being among individuals managing chronic conditions like HIV; however, responsibilities associated with pet ownership may also prevent owners from accessing timely healthcare. This study investigates the relationship between pet ownership, pet-related barriers to healthcare (PRBH), and comfort derived from pets with durable HIV viral suppression among p…
Detailed HIV Self-Testing Patterns Derived from Paradata in the mLab App Clinical Trial
Self-testing is a critical component of public health initiatives aimed at slowing and stopping the spread of HIV. It has the promise of accessibility, reliability, and convenience, and because of the benefits derived from its inherent privacy, self-testing may overcome the barriers associated with HIV screening with at-risk populations. Still, questions remain about whether and how self-testing can adequately link patients to care and engage the…
Understanding Patient Barriers and Facilitators Throughout the PrEP Care Continuum
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a medication that significantly reduces the risk of HIV infection when taken as prescribed, however, less than 36% of the 1.2 million eligible-for-PrEP Americans are currently prescribed it. PrEP navigators can help reduce barriers to PrEP uptake and increase access to care for those vulnerable to HIV. As part of formative work for designing an e-peer navigation tool, MyPEEPS Mobile Plus, twenty PrEP navigators …
An Evaluation of Social Media and Geospatial Dating Apps for Recruitment of a National Sample of Young Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Lite-2 Study
In 2022, over two thirds of individuals diagnosed with HIV in the United States were people of color, half resided in the south, and 67% of new cases were attributed to male-to male sexual transmission (Centers For Disease Control, 2024). To combat these health disparities, the Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative recommends that HIV prevention research focus on targeted populations and geographic regions with high rates of new HIV diagnosis.…
Three limited interaction approaches to understanding the epidemiology of HIV among YMSM in the US
This study will provide important data on multilevel determinants of HIV incidence among SGM men at the national level, allowing us to examine important differences by local jurisdiction, region and state and to better understand the impact of individual, social and geospatial factors on HIV incidence to help inform future prevention strategies
A feasibility study of the use of HIV self-tests in young men who have sex with men
Studies on HIV self-testing (HIV-ST) have been limited to adults (age 18+). The study assessed use of HIV-ST among a diverse group of young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in the United States (US) and assessed differences in uptake by demographic characteristics and requirements for parental consent. This study demonstrated feasibility of HIV-ST for YMSM as young as 14 years of age, which suggests potential for increasing HIV testing in this yo…
Homonegative Victimization and Perceived Stress among Adolescent Sexual Minority Males
Purpose: Research suggests social support may protect sexual minorities from the harmful effects of victimization that undermine mental and sexual health wellness; however, this relationship has been underexplored among a diverse youth population. We examined the association between lifetime homonegative victimization, perceived stress in the last month, and resilience factors among a diverse sample of adolescent sexual minority males. Methods: D…
Examining Patterns of Interpersonal Violence, Structural and Social Exclusion, Resilience, and Arrest among Young Transgender Women
Young transgender women aged 16–29 years experience high rates of carceral involvement, warranting greater inclusion of this community within decarceration research and practice. The present study investigates patterns of violence, exclusion, resilience, and arrest among a sample of 298 transgender women aged 16–29 years in Chicago, Illinois, and Boston, MA. Women in the sample reported high rates of arrest, violence, and exclusion. Latent class …
A randomized controlled trial of an mHealth intervention for increasing access to HIV testing and care among young cisgender men and transgender women
This trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT03803683 ) on January 14, 2019
Better Communication Regarding Sexual Agreements Within Serodiscordant Male Couples Leads to Improved Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among the HIV-Positive Partner
Experience with antiretroviral electronic adherence monitoring among young African American men who have sex with men living with HIV
We performed a pilot study among young African-American men who have sex with men (AAMSM) of real-time electronic adherence monitoring (EAM) in Chicago to explore acceptability and feasibility of EAM and to inform intervention development. We recruited 40 young AAMSM living with HIV on ART to participate in up to 3 months of monitoring with the Wisepill device. Participants were interviewed at baseline, in response to the first true adjudicated 1…
A randomized controlled efficacy trial of an electronic screening and brief intervention for alcohol misuse in adolescents and young adults vulnerable to HIV infection
ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02703116, registered March 9, 2016
A randomized controlled efficacy trial of an mHealth HIV prevention intervention for sexual minority young men
ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03167606, registered May 30, 2017
Minority Stress Factors Associated With Depression and Anxiety Among Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth
Burden of HIV among young transgender women
Young transgender women (YTW) are disproportionately affected by HIV, however, little is known about the factors associated with HIV infection and treatment engagement. We examined correlates of HIV infection and the steps of the HIV treatment cascade, specifically, being aware of their HIV infection, linked to care, on ART, and adherent to ART. We analyzed the baseline data of Project LifeSkills, a randomized control trial of sexually active YTW…
A triaged real-time alert intervention to improve antiretroviral therapy adherence among young African American men who have sex with men living with HIV
A triaged real-time alert intervention to improve treatment adherence is acceptable and feasible among young AAMSM living with HIV
Do Male Couples Agree on Their Sexual Agreements? An Analysis of Dyadic Data
Positive STEPS – a randomized controlled efficacy trial of an adaptive intervention for strengthening adherence to antiretroviral HIV treatment among youth
ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03092531 , registered March 28, 2017
Resilience to Discrimination and Rejection Among Young Sexual Minority Males and Transgender Females
Sexual minority and transgender status is associated with mental health disparities, which have been empirically and theoretically linked to stressors related to social stigma. Despite exposure to these unique stressors, many sexual minority and transgender individuals will not experience mental health disorders in their lifetime. Little is known about the specific processes that sexual minority and transgender youth use to maintain their wellbei…
Project LifeSkills - a randomized controlled efficacy trial of a culturally tailored, empowerment-based, and group-delivered HIV prevention intervention for young transgender women
ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01575938 , registered March 29, 2012
Multiplex Competition, Collaboration, and Funding Networks Among Health and Social Organizations
BACKGROUND: Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) have the highest rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States. Decades into the HIV epidemic, the relationships that YMSM-serving health and social organizations have with one another has not been studied in depth. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the competition, collaboration, and funding source structures of multiplex organization networks and the …
Mental Health Disorders, Psychological Distress, and Suicidality in a Diverse Sample of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youths
Objectives. We examined associations of race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation with mental disorders among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youths. Methods. We assessed mental disorders by administering a structured diagnostic interview to a community sample of 246 LGBT youths aged 16 to 20 years. Participants also completed the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI 18). Results. One third of participants met criteria for any ment…
Management of a Concealable Stigmatized Identity
Disclosure of a sexual or gender minority status has been associated with both positive and negative effects on wellbeing. Few studies have explored the disclosure and concealment process in young people. Interviews were conducted with 10 sexual and/or gender minority individuals, aged 18-22 years, of male birth sex. Data were analyzed qualitatively, yielding determinants and effects of disclosure and concealment. Determinants of disclosure inclu…
Syndemic Theory and HIV-Related Risk Among Young Transgender Women
Objectives. We assessed whether multiple psychosocial factors are additive in their relationship to sexual risk behavior and self-reported HIV status (i.e., can be characterized as a syndemic) among young transgender women and the relationship of indicators of social marginalization to psychosocial factors. Methods. Participants (n = 151) were aged 15 to 24 years and lived in Chicago or Los Angeles. We collected data on psychosocial factors (low …
The Effects of Sexual Partnership and Relationship Characteristics on Three Sexual Risk Variables in Young Men Who Have Sex with Men
Tip of the Iceberg
Objectives. We examined the prevalence of Internet use for meeting sexual partners (Internet partners) and HIV risk behaviors associated with this use among young men who have sex with men (aged 16–24 years). Methods. A sample of 270 young men who have sex with men completed a computer-assisted survey. We used bivariate χ 2 analyses and hierarchical logistic regression to assess factors associated with Internet-facilitated sexual encounters. Resu…
Resilience to Discrimination and Rejection Among Young Sexual Minority Males and Transgender Females
Sexual minority and transgender status is associated with mental health disparities, which have been empirically and theoretically linked to stressors related to social stigma. Despite exposure to these unique stressors, many sexual minority and transgender individuals will not experience mental health disorders in their lifetime. Little is known about the specific processes that sexual minority and transgender youth use to maintain their wellbei…
Sexual Orientation Disparities in Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk Behaviors and Risk Determinants Among Sexually Active Adolescent Males
Objectives. We examined disparities in risk determinants and risk behaviors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) between gay-identified, bisexual-identified, and heterosexual-identified young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and heterosexual-identified young men who have sex with women (YMSW) using a school-based sample of US sexually active adolescent males. Methods. We analyzed a pooled data set of Youth Risk Behavior Surveys from 2005 an…
Impact of Religiosity on the Sexual Risk Behaviors of Young Men Who Have Sex With Men
Young men who have sex with men (YMSM), particularly Black YMSM, bear a disproportionate burden of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in the United States. Several studies support the positive and protective role of religion in health and the prevention of morbidity and mortality. However, little empirical research has been conducted looking at religion with the context of YMSM and HIV prevention. We examined the impact of religiou…
Sexual Risk Taking Among Transgender Male-to-Female Youths With Different Partner Types
Objectives. We examined associations between partner types (categorized as main, casual, or commercial) and sexual risk behaviors of sexually active male-to-female (transgender female) youths. Methods. We interviewed 120 transgender female youths aged 15 to 24 years recruited from clinics, community-based agencies, club and bar venues, referrals, and the streets of Los Angeles, California, and Chicago, Illinois. Results. Sexual risk behaviors var…
Do Male Couples Agree on Their Sexual Agreements? An Analysis of Dyadic Data
Promoting the Successful Development of Sexual and Gender Minority Youths
Because of societal discomfort with atypical expressions of sexual orientation and gender identity, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) youths have experienced enhanced developmental challenges compared with their heterosexual peers. A recent special issue of the American Journal of Public Health delineated how social stigma affecting LGBT youths has resulted in a wide range of health disparities, ranging from increased prevalence of de…
I Had to Go to the Streets to Get Love
Young, gay, and bisexual men (YGBM) are at increased risk of family rejection, which is related to HIV infection. What remains unknown is how family rejection leads to HIV risk. In this exploratory study, qualitative interviews were conducted with 21 HIV-positive YGBM aged 18 to 24. Most participants reported family rejection, which decreased instrumental and emotional support and resulted in participants using riskier ways to support themselves,…
Race-Based Sexual Stereotypes and Their Effects on Sexual Risk Behavior in Racially Diverse Young Men Who Have Sex with Men
Neighborhood-Level Associations with HIV Infection Among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men in Chicago
The MyPeeps Randomized Controlled Trial
Better Communication Regarding Sexual Agreements Within Serodiscordant Male Couples Leads to Improved Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among the HIV-Positive Partner
A Pictorial History of Civil War Era Musical Instruments & Military Bands
The Association Between Health Risk Behaviors and Sexual Orientation Among a School-based Sample of Adolescents
Objective. This study is one of the first to examine the association between sexual orientation and health risk behaviors among a representative, school-based sample of adolescents. Design. This study was conducted on an anonymous, representative sample of 4159 9th- to 12th-grade students in public high schools from Massachusetts' expanded Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1995 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Sexual orientation was determine…
Sexual Orientation and Risk of Suicide Attempts Among a Representative Sample of Youth
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether sexual orientation is an independent risk factor for reported suicide attempts. DESIGN: Data were from the Massachusetts 1995 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which included a question on sexual orientation. Ten drug use, 5 sexual behavior, and 5 violence/ victimization variables chosen a priori were assessed as possible mediating variables. Hierarchical logistic regression model…
Overlooked, misunderstood and at-risk
Psychosocial health problems increase risk for HIV among urban young men who have sex with men
BACKGROUND: Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) experience disparities in HIV rates and potentially in mental health, substance abuse, and exposure to violence. PURPOSE: We assessed the extent to which these psychosocial health problems had an additive effect on increasing HIV risk among YMSM. METHODS: An urban sample of 310 ethnically diverse YMSM reported on psychosocial health problems, sexual risk behaviors, and HIV status. A count of psyc…
Tip of the Iceberg
Objectives. We examined the prevalence of Internet use for meeting sexual partners (Internet partners) and HIV risk behaviors associated with this use among young men who have sex with men (aged 16–24 years). Methods. A sample of 270 young men who have sex with men completed a computer-assisted survey. We used bivariate χ 2 analyses and hierarchical logistic regression to assess factors associated with Internet-facilitated sexual encounters. Resu…
Experiences of HIV-Related Stigma Among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men
Young men who have sex with men (MSM) represent an increasing number of new HIV infections in many communities. Many individuals still hold beliefs that may lead to discrimination against HIV-positive individuals. HIV stigma is associated with negative health and psychosocial outcomes and may lead to greater challenges for this marginalized population. This study describes stigma experienced by HIV-positive young MSM, explores its relationship to…
Suicide and Suicide Risk in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Populations
Despite strong indications of elevated risk of suicidal behavior in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people, limited attention has been given to research, interventions or suicide prevention programs targeting these populations. This article is a culmination of a three-year effort by an expert panel to address the need for better understanding of suicidal behavior and suicide risk in sexual minority populations, and stimulate the developme…
Sexual Risk Taking Among Transgender Male-to-Female Youths With Different Partner Types
Objectives. We examined associations between partner types (categorized as main, casual, or commercial) and sexual risk behaviors of sexually active male-to-female (transgender female) youths. Methods. We interviewed 120 transgender female youths aged 15 to 24 years recruited from clinics, community-based agencies, club and bar venues, referrals, and the streets of Los Angeles, California, and Chicago, Illinois. Results. Sexual risk behaviors var…
Mental Health Disorders, Psychological Distress, and Suicidality in a Diverse Sample of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youths
Objectives. We examined associations of race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation with mental disorders among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youths. Methods. We assessed mental disorders by administering a structured diagnostic interview to a community sample of 246 LGBT youths aged 16 to 20 years. Participants also completed the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI 18). Results. One third of participants met criteria for any ment…
Syndemic Theory and HIV-Related Risk Among Young Transgender Women
Objectives. We assessed whether multiple psychosocial factors are additive in their relationship to sexual risk behavior and self-reported HIV status (i.e., can be characterized as a syndemic) among young transgender women and the relationship of indicators of social marginalization to psychosocial factors. Methods. Participants (n = 151) were aged 15 to 24 years and lived in Chicago or Los Angeles. We collected data on psychosocial factors (low …
The Gender Affirmative Model
In the summer of 2013, Dr. Jack Drescher published an editorial opinion about gender-nonconforming children in the New York Times in which he stated: ‘‘Currently experts can't tell apart kids who outgrow gender dysphoria (desisters) from those who do not (persisters), and how to treat them is controversial'' [Drescher, 2013, p. 1]. As members of a four-site child gender clinic group, we concur with Dr. Drescher regarding the controversy, but take…
‘Yes, I Am More than Just That’
Rates of HIV infection in the United States are markedly over-represented among gay/bisexual young men (GBYM), especially those who are African American and Latino. The degree to which minority stress may explain racial disparities in HIV incidence is understudied in GBYM. This qualitative study examined racial/ethnic-minority and sexual-minority stress and their perceived influence on HIV infection in a sample of GBYM living with HIV. Findings i…
Promoting the Successful Development of Sexual and Gender Minority Youths
Because of societal discomfort with atypical expressions of sexual orientation and gender identity, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) youths have experienced enhanced developmental challenges compared with their heterosexual peers. A recent special issue of the American Journal of Public Health delineated how social stigma affecting LGBT youths has resulted in a wide range of health disparities, ranging from increased prevalence of de…
Sexual Orientation Disparities in Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk Behaviors and Risk Determinants Among Sexually Active Adolescent Males
Objectives. We examined disparities in risk determinants and risk behaviors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) between gay-identified, bisexual-identified, and heterosexual-identified young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and heterosexual-identified young men who have sex with women (YMSW) using a school-based sample of US sexually active adolescent males. Methods. We analyzed a pooled data set of Youth Risk Behavior Surveys from 2005 an…
A Personal Reflection on the History of Population-Based Research With Sexual Minority Youths
Impact of Religiosity on the Sexual Risk Behaviors of Young Men Who Have Sex With Men
Young men who have sex with men (YMSM), particularly Black YMSM, bear a disproportionate burden of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in the United States. Several studies support the positive and protective role of religion in health and the prevention of morbidity and mortality. However, little empirical research has been conducted looking at religion with the context of YMSM and HIV prevention. We examined the impact of religiou…
The Effects of Sexual Partnership and Relationship Characteristics on Three Sexual Risk Variables in Young Men Who Have Sex with Men
The MyPeeps Randomized Controlled Trial
Race-Based Sexual Stereotypes and Their Effects on Sexual Risk Behavior in Racially Diverse Young Men Who Have Sex with Men
Neighborhood-Level Associations with HIV Infection Among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men in Chicago
Barriers to healthcare for transgender individuals
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Transgender persons suffer significant health disparities and may require medical intervention as part of their care. The purpose of this manuscript is to briefly review the literature characterizing barriers to healthcare for transgender individuals and to propose research priorities to understand mechanisms of those barriers and interventions to overcome them. RECENT FINDINGS: Current research emphasizes sexual minorities' se…
Project LifeSkills - a randomized controlled efficacy trial of a culturally tailored, empowerment-based, and group-delivered HIV prevention intervention for young transgender women
ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01575938 , registered March 29, 2012
Multiplex Competition, Collaboration, and Funding Networks Among Health and Social Organizations
BACKGROUND: Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) have the highest rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States. Decades into the HIV epidemic, the relationships that YMSM-serving health and social organizations have with one another has not been studied in depth. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the competition, collaboration, and funding source structures of multiplex organization networks and the …
Management of a Concealable Stigmatized Identity
Disclosure of a sexual or gender minority status has been associated with both positive and negative effects on wellbeing. Few studies have explored the disclosure and concealment process in young people. Interviews were conducted with 10 sexual and/or gender minority individuals, aged 18-22 years, of male birth sex. Data were analyzed qualitatively, yielding determinants and effects of disclosure and concealment. Determinants of disclosure inclu…
HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (38 obras) · Medicine (34 obras) · Psychology (33 obras) · LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy (26 obras) · Clinical Psychology (21 obras) · Family medicine (20 obras) · Psychiatry (20 obras) · Men who have sex with men (19 obras) · Public health (19 obras) · Social Psychology (18 obras)