P Keating
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 38242 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | P Keating |
| NOMBRES | P |
| APELLIDO | Keating |
| FIRMA | KEATING P |
| AFILIACIONES | Université du Québec à Montréal |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7236-9761 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 42 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 413 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 42 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1974 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 11 |
Decision‐making as discovery
Based on fieldwork carried out at the Early Drug Development Service of a world‐leading cancer institution, our study sheds lights on decision‐making processes at the stage where decisions are made about which clinical trial to pursue and thus which experimental drugs will feed the growing pipeline of molecularly guided therapies and therapeutic strategies available to treating physicians. The paper shows how such collective decision‐making pract…
Organizing precision medicine
Multi-polar scripts
Healthcare policy by other means
Extending experimentation
Historians and social scientists view the distinction between research and care as diachronically and synchronically contingent, rather than transcendental, as is often the case in bioethics. Comparing how the notion of total care was used in the 1950s with present-day use of that same term by genomically informed oncology programs, the paper argues that the distinction between research and care needs: to be historicized, by examining its repeate…
Informing materials
Opening the Regulatory Black Box of Clinical Cancer Research
Triple negative breast cancer”
Régimes thérapeutiques et dispositifs de preuve en oncologie
À partir d'une analyse empirique du développement de l'oncologie médicale, et en particulier des essais cliniques, au coeur de ces pratiques, cet article examine la question du lien entre innovation organisationnelle et innovation épistémique.Il explore comment les régimes thérapeutiques déployés par les cancérologues comptent parmi les actants principaux du style de pratique centré sur la performance d'essais cliniques, sans que l'on puisse dire…
Régimes thérapeutiques et dispositifs de preuve en oncologie
À partir d'une analyse empirique du développement de l'oncologie médicale et, en particulier, des essais cliniques au cœur de ces pratiques, cet article examine la question du lien entre innovation organisationnelle et innovation épistémique. Il explore comment les régimes thérapeutiques déployés par les cancérologues comptent parmi les actants principaux du style de pratique centré sur la performance d'essais cliniques, sans que l'on puisse dire…
Testing devices or experimental systems? Cancer clinical trials take the genomic turn
On being “actionable”
This article explores commercial, academic, and national initiatives aimed at using sequencing technologies to generate “actionable” genomic results that can be applied to the clinical management of oncology patients. We argue that the term “actionable” is not merely a buzzword, but signals the emergence of a distinctive sociotechnical regime of genomic medicine in oncology. Unlike other regimes of genomic medicine that are organized around asses…
Too many numbers
Cancer clinical trials in the era of genomic signatures
The paper examines two large-scale, North American and European clinical trials designed to validate two commercially available genomic tumor signatures that predict a patient's risk of breast cancer recurrence and response to chemotherapy. The paper builds on empirical evidence from the two trials to explore the emergence of diverse regulatory-scientific hybrids; that is, the paper discusses configurations of genomic practice and bioclinical wor…
Regulating diagnosis in post-genomic medicine
In recent years, genomic technologies have entered oncology. In particular, so-called tumor signatures are now commercially available for diagnosing breast cancer. These new diagnostic tools have expanded the content and meaning of diagnosis, by adding a distinctive prognostic (will the disease recur?) and predictive (how will the disease react to treatment?) dimension to this activity, and modifying the relations between diagnosis and therapy. I…
Biomedical Conventions and Regulatory Objectivity
This special issue of Social Studies of Science centers on the topic of regulation in medicine and, in particular, on the notion of regulatory objectivity, defined as a new form of objectivity in biomedicine that generates conventions and norms through concerted programs of action based on the use of a variety of systems for the collective production of evidence. The papers in the special issue suggest ways in which the notion of regulatory objec…
Who's minding the data? Data Monitoring Committees in clinical cancer trials
Modern biomedicine is based on a number of novel institutions and practices that, in order to function, require some degree of formal and informal regulation. This paper contributes to the ongoing investigation of these processes, and the forms of objectivity they generate, by examining the emergence, development and deployment of Data Monitoring Committees in the field of clinical trials. The idea of a DMC had originally been raised in the clini…
The Secret History of the War on Cancer (review)
Reviewed by: The Secret History of the War on Cancer Peter Keating Devra Davis. The Secret History of the War on Cancer. New York: Basic Books, 2007. 535 pp. Uncorrected proof. $27.50, $Can. 33.00 (978-0465-015665). In a landmark article published more than 25 years ago in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Richard Peto and Richard Doll reviewed the causes of cancer and concluded that occupational hazards, pollutants, and medicines acc…
Cancer Clinical Trials
Clinical trials are the principal vector for the development of chemotherapy, and they have become such a pervasive element of clinical cancer research that modern oncologists tend to take them for granted. Yet the system of cancer clinical trials amounts to a relatively recent (post–World War II) innovation. Its development has proceeded through ad hoc adjustments, and has produced a self-vindicating, yet open-ended, style of practice. This pape…
Regulatory objectivity and the generation and management of evidence in medicine
Arguing with Images
A contribution to the analysis of nonart images, this article examines the illustrations mobilized by Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling (1901-1994)in order to buttress his claim that "molecular complementariness" (the fit between two molecules) is the basis of life. Pauling's visuals resorted to the mutually supportive processes of figuration and de-monstration and were an integral part of his argumentative and heuristic strategies
Signs, markers, profiles, and signatures
We propose that a fruitful way to understand the extension of molecular biology into clinical practice is through the notion of biomedical platform. In this article, we analyze the development of the new genetics in clinical haematology since the mid-1980s, focusing on two recent instantiations of the molecular biology platform: RT-PCR and DNA microarrays. We show how clinical research is more closely entwined with "fundamental" biology than is o…
Mapping Collaborative Work and Innovation in Biomedicine
This paper analyses a major episode in contemporary biomedical research using a new semi-quantitative approach. In the late 1970s, immunologists began producing new kinds of antibodies targeting molecules on the surface of normal and malignant blood cells. These tools quickly transformed biomedical research in immunology and oncology-hematology. Laboratories worldwide produced thousands of these new reagents and reorganized the classification, di…
Biomedical Platforms
Since the end of World War II, biology and medicine have merged in remarkably productive ways. In this book Peter Keating and Alberto Cambrosio analyze the transformation of medicine into biomedicine and its consequences, ranging from the recasting of hospital architecture to the redefinition of the human body, disease, and therapeutic practices. To describe this new alignment between the normal and the pathological, the authors introduce the not…
From Screening to Clinical Research
Recent work in the history and sociology of biomedicine has emphasized the novelty of the biomedical enterprise as a distinctive institutional, material, and epistemological configuration. Since World War II, biology and medicine have become such tightly intertwined research enterprises that those working in biomedicine cannot predict whether a particular research project, clinical investigation, or even clinical intervention will result in biolo…
Regulatory objectivity and the generation and management of evidence in medicine
Going Monoclonal
Recent work in the sociology of science has highlighted the local and tacit dimensions of scientific work. Against the widely held assumption that we are here dealing with a form of knowledge largely beyond the control and manipulation of scientists, we will argue that the unsaid is indeed a part of conscious scientific practice—and hence subject to negotiation, discussion, and construction. Based on a study of the transmission of hybridoma techn…
Biomedical Conventions and Regulatory Objectivity
This special issue of Social Studies of Science centers on the topic of regulation in medicine and, in particular, on the notion of regulatory objectivity, defined as a new form of objectivity in biomedicine that generates conventions and norms through concerted programs of action based on the use of a variety of systems for the collective production of evidence. The papers in the special issue suggest ways in which the notion of regulatory objec…
Regulating diagnosis in post-genomic medicine
In recent years, genomic technologies have entered oncology. In particular, so-called tumor signatures are now commercially available for diagnosing breast cancer. These new diagnostic tools have expanded the content and meaning of diagnosis, by adding a distinctive prognostic (will the disease recur?) and predictive (how will the disease react to treatment?) dimension to this activity, and modifying the relations between diagnosis and therapy. I…
Testing devices or experimental systems? Cancer clinical trials take the genomic turn
Mapping Collaborative Work and Innovation in Biomedicine
This paper analyses a major episode in contemporary biomedical research using a new semi-quantitative approach. In the late 1970s, immunologists began producing new kinds of antibodies targeting molecules on the surface of normal and malignant blood cells. These tools quickly transformed biomedical research in immunology and oncology-hematology. Laboratories worldwide produced thousands of these new reagents and reorganized the classification, di…
A Matter of Facs
This article contributes to the development of an anthropology of biomedicine that takes as its subject matter the content of biomedical knowledge and practices. It offers an ethnographic account of the establishment of the international classification of white blood cells, known as the "CD nomenclature," and goes beyond the assertion that biomedical knowledge is "socially constructed," providing a fine-textured analysis of how, in this specific …
Biomedical Platforms
Configurations - Volume 8, Number 3, Fall 2000
The Disciplinary Stake
The differentiation of knowledge is a problem that in the sociology of science has mainly been treated in terms of units of innovation known as `scientific specialties' or `research networks'. These units have thus achieved the status of sociologically constructed concepts. Disciplines, on the contrary, have been relatively ignored and their conceptualization has, for the most part, remained at the level of common sense. In this paper, an attempt…
Cancer clinical trials in the era of genomic signatures
The paper examines two large-scale, North American and European clinical trials designed to validate two commercially available genomic tumor signatures that predict a patient's risk of breast cancer recurrence and response to chemotherapy. The paper builds on empirical evidence from the two trials to explore the emergence of diverse regulatory-scientific hybrids; that is, the paper discusses configurations of genomic practice and bioclinical wor…
Scientific Practice in the Courtroom
This paper analyzes expert testimony from a patent dispute involving two California biotechnology companies. This case provides us with an opportunity to study “science” and “law” as they interact, instead of contrasting them as separate, although parallel, practices. In the court, “science,” which usually bears the marks of objectivity and certainty, appears uncertain and subject to interpretation. Through an examination of the representations m…
Opening the Regulatory Black Box of Clinical Cancer Research
Triple negative breast cancer”
Who's minding the data? Data Monitoring Committees in clinical cancer trials
Modern biomedicine is based on a number of novel institutions and practices that, in order to function, require some degree of formal and informal regulation. This paper contributes to the ongoing investigation of these processes, and the forms of objectivity they generate, by examining the emergence, development and deployment of Data Monitoring Committees in the field of clinical trials. The idea of a DMC had originally been raised in the clini…
Régimes thérapeutiques et dispositifs de preuve en oncologie
À partir d'une analyse empirique du développement de l'oncologie médicale et, en particulier, des essais cliniques au cœur de ces pratiques, cet article examine la question du lien entre innovation organisationnelle et innovation épistémique. Il explore comment les régimes thérapeutiques déployés par les cancérologues comptent parmi les actants principaux du style de pratique centré sur la performance d'essais cliniques, sans que l'on puisse dire…
Patents and Free Scientific Information in Biotechnology
There has been some concern m recent years that economic interests in the biotechnology area could, particularly through patenting, have a constricting influence on scientific research. Despite this concern, there have been no studies of this phenomenon beyond isolated cases. In this article we examine the evolution of the biomedical field of hybridoma/monoclonal antibody research with detailed examples of the three types of patent claims that ha…
Organizing precision medicine
Informing materials
Régimes thérapeutiques et dispositifs de preuve en oncologie
À partir d'une analyse empirique du développement de l'oncologie médicale, et en particulier des essais cliniques, au coeur de ces pratiques, cet article examine la question du lien entre innovation organisationnelle et innovation épistémique.Il explore comment les régimes thérapeutiques déployés par les cancérologues comptent parmi les actants principaux du style de pratique centré sur la performance d'essais cliniques, sans que l'on puisse dire…
Too many numbers
Of lymphocytes and pixels
Multi-polar scripts
Decision‐making as discovery
Based on fieldwork carried out at the Early Drug Development Service of a world‐leading cancer institution, our study sheds lights on decision‐making processes at the stage where decisions are made about which clinical trial to pursue and thus which experimental drugs will feed the growing pipeline of molecularly guided therapies and therapeutic strategies available to treating physicians. The paper shows how such collective decision‐making pract…
Healthcare policy by other means
Arguing with Images
A contribution to the analysis of nonart images, this article examines the illustrations mobilized by Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling (1901-1994)in order to buttress his claim that "molecular complementariness" (the fit between two molecules) is the basis of life. Pauling's visuals resorted to the mutually supportive processes of figuration and de-monstration and were an integral part of his argumentative and heuristic strategies
The Working Classes in Victorian Fiction
The Disciplinary Stake
The differentiation of knowledge is a problem that in the sociology of science has mainly been treated in terms of units of innovation known as `scientific specialties' or `research networks'. These units have thus achieved the status of sociologically constructed concepts. Disciplines, on the contrary, have been relatively ignored and their conceptualization has, for the most part, remained at the level of common sense. In this paper, an attempt…
Studying a Biotechnology Research Centre
This Note concerns the relevance of conflicts arising within research centres for sociologists conducting what is loosely termed `laboratory studies'. By drawing on a detailed account of difficulties encountered in the course of a sociological study of a biotechnology laboratory, the authors discuss the way in which parties in conflict perceive the sociologists' work as having an evaluative dimension-that is, as being either useful or threatening…
Vaccine Therapy and the Problem of Opsonins
Journal Article Vaccine Therapy and the Problem of Opsonins Get access PETER KEATING PETER KEATING Department of the History of Science Harvard UniversityScience Center 235, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Volume 43, Issue 3, July 1988, Pages 275–296, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/43.3.275 Published: 01 July 1988
Going Monoclonal
Recent work in the sociology of science has highlighted the local and tacit dimensions of scientific work. Against the widely held assumption that we are here dealing with a form of knowledge largely beyond the control and manipulation of scientists, we will argue that the unsaid is indeed a part of conscious scientific practice—and hence subject to negotiation, discussion, and construction. Based on a study of the transmission of hybridoma techn…
Patents and Free Scientific Information in Biotechnology
There has been some concern m recent years that economic interests in the biotechnology area could, particularly through patenting, have a constricting influence on scientific research. Despite this concern, there have been no studies of this phenomenon beyond isolated cases. In this article we examine the evolution of the biomedical field of hybridoma/monoclonal antibody research with detailed examples of the three types of patent claims that ha…
Scientific Practice in the Courtroom
This paper analyzes expert testimony from a patent dispute involving two California biotechnology companies. This case provides us with an opportunity to study “science” and “law” as they interact, instead of contrasting them as separate, although parallel, practices. In the court, “science,” which usually bears the marks of objectivity and certainty, appears uncertain and subject to interpretation. Through an examination of the representations m…
A Matter of Facs
This article contributes to the development of an anthropology of biomedicine that takes as its subject matter the content of biomedical knowledge and practices. It offers an ethnographic account of the establishment of the international classification of white blood cells, known as the "CD nomenclature," and goes beyond the assertion that biomedical knowledge is "socially constructed," providing a fine-textured analysis of how, in this specific …
Ehrlich's "Beautiful Pictures" and the Controversial Beginnings of Immunological Imagery
Le dernier langage de la medecine
The Science of Sickness
Journal Article La science du mal: L'institution de la psychiatrie au Québec, 1800–1914 (The science of sickness: The establishment of psychiatry in Québec, 1800–1914). By Peter Keating. (SaintLaurent, Canada: Boréal, 1993. 208 pp. Paper, $22.95, ISBN 2-89052-529-5.) In French Get access Howard I. Kushner Howard I. Kushner San Diego State University, San Diego, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jo…
Technique, outil, invention
Alberto Cambrosio and Peter Keating Techniques, implements, inventions : changes in a biotechnology How does a common action arise between researchers, industrialists and legal experts when patents are filed ? This question is investigated by looking at the controversies that have arisen around hybridoma technology in bioindustry. Five issues are studied : the definition of a basic technique, the notion of identical antibodies, the meaning of an …
Interlaboratory Life
In spite of routine criticism of linear and unidirectional models of scientific and technological innovation (for example, Bijker et al. 1987; Bijker and Law 1992), science studies scholars have devoted most of their attention to the movement of facts, techniques and individuals from the (basic) laboratory to industry. Little has been said about movement in the opposite direction. There are (at least) two ways of viewing the latter: one is to tak…
Of lymphocytes and pixels
Biomedical Platforms
Configurations - Volume 8, Number 3, Fall 2000
Molecularizing Biology and Medicine
This is an excellent collection of papers, most of which were presented at what must have been a tightly focused conference held in Cambridge in 1994. Papers subsequently added to the collection have further strengthened its coherence. The integration of the different contributions is, in part, the result of the attempt by all authors to articulate the overarching theme of "molecularization." While this term refers in general to the tendency to s…
The New Genetics and Cancer
PAUL KEATING, ALBERTO CAMBROSIO; The New Genetics and Cancer: The Contributions of Clinical Medicine in the Era of Biomedicine, Journal of the History of M
From Screening to Clinical Research
Recent work in the history and sociology of biomedicine has emphasized the novelty of the biomedical enterprise as a distinctive institutional, material, and epistemological configuration. Since World War II, biology and medicine have become such tightly intertwined research enterprises that those working in biomedicine cannot predict whether a particular research project, clinical investigation, or even clinical intervention will result in biolo…
Biomedical Platforms
Since the end of World War II, biology and medicine have merged in remarkably productive ways. In this book Peter Keating and Alberto Cambrosio analyze the transformation of medicine into biomedicine and its consequences, ranging from the recasting of hospital architecture to the redefinition of the human body, disease, and therapeutic practices. To describe this new alignment between the normal and the pathological, the authors introduce the not…
Signs, markers, profiles, and signatures
We propose that a fruitful way to understand the extension of molecular biology into clinical practice is through the notion of biomedical platform. In this article, we analyze the development of the new genetics in clinical haematology since the mid-1980s, focusing on two recent instantiations of the molecular biology platform: RT-PCR and DNA microarrays. We show how clinical research is more closely entwined with "fundamental" biology than is o…
Mapping Collaborative Work and Innovation in Biomedicine
This paper analyses a major episode in contemporary biomedical research using a new semi-quantitative approach. In the late 1970s, immunologists began producing new kinds of antibodies targeting molecules on the surface of normal and malignant blood cells. These tools quickly transformed biomedical research in immunology and oncology-hematology. Laboratories worldwide produced thousands of these new reagents and reorganized the classification, di…
Arguing with Images
A contribution to the analysis of nonart images, this article examines the illustrations mobilized by Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling (1901-1994)in order to buttress his claim that "molecular complementariness" (the fit between two molecules) is the basis of life. Pauling's visuals resorted to the mutually supportive processes of figuration and de-monstration and were an integral part of his argumentative and heuristic strategies
Regulatory objectivity and the generation and management of evidence in medicine
Cancer Clinical Trials
Clinical trials are the principal vector for the development of chemotherapy, and they have become such a pervasive element of clinical cancer research that modern oncologists tend to take them for granted. Yet the system of cancer clinical trials amounts to a relatively recent (post–World War II) innovation. Its development has proceeded through ad hoc adjustments, and has produced a self-vindicating, yet open-ended, style of practice. This pape…
The Secret History of the War on Cancer (review)
Reviewed by: The Secret History of the War on Cancer Peter Keating Devra Davis. The Secret History of the War on Cancer. New York: Basic Books, 2007. 535 pp. Uncorrected proof. $27.50, $Can. 33.00 (978-0465-015665). In a landmark article published more than 25 years ago in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Richard Peto and Richard Doll reviewed the causes of cancer and concluded that occupational hazards, pollutants, and medicines acc…
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