Andrei P Tsygankov
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 387650 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Andrei P Tsygankov |
| NOMBRES | Andrei P |
| APELLIDO | Tsygankov |
| FIRMA | TSYGANKOV A P |
| AFILIACIONES | San Francisco State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4314-1116 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 69 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 442 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 68 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1995 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 11 |
Russia and a Just World
In the struggle for the future world order, various concepts of a just global order collide. Russia’s foreign policy documents emphasize the importance of establishing a world order that is multipolar and based on the dialogue of civilizations, respect for national sovereignty and mutual security. These principles are only partially shared by other participants in international relations, among which the United States and China stand out in terms…
Engaging the Global South with Ideology and Pragmatism
Russian foreign policy aims to subvert the West-centered world order established after the Cold War. While promoting the post-Western civilizational and “post-colonial” ideology since the mid-2010s, Moscow has been pragmatic and dependent on its limited foreign policy resources, on the one hand, and the mixed receptivity of different audiences to Russia's ideological message, on the other. To test this argument, the paper selects three cases from…
Coercive Diplomacy Gone Wrong
The paper proposes the leader interaction framework for understanding Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. President Putin’s decision to use force in Ukraine was influenced but not predetermined by Russia’s worsened security position or the nature of its autocratic regime, as stressed by realist and liberal theories, respectively. Rather, the war came as a byproduct of coercive diplomacy and its failure. Putin counted on political pressures and military…
The Paths of Russian Militarism
Russia’s Special Military Operation (SMO) in Ukraine has generated а resurgence of interest in militarism, which can be defined as a belief system justifying demonstration of a country’s military power by the use of force and measures to strengthen its military capabilities. Militarism arises when society and its leaders decide that they can no longer count on peace to solve their country’s problems. Militarism has historically contributed to sta…
Between War and Peace
The paper identifies several Russian visions of future relations with Ukraine and Western nations from the mid-term perspective. Russian scholars and foreign policy analysts have debated several scenarios of future relations that can be defined as a long war, a hostile coexistence, and a renewed peace. While not entirely exclusive, each has its own internal logic and is driven by distinct forces. The paper reviews writings and commentaries by Rus…
Irreplaceable Russia
The essay discusses Russia’s mission in the contemporary world, as expressed in the concept of the “Russian Idea.” Some Russian thinkers view the country as a fortress defending itself (and the world) from alien—primarily Western—civilizations. Others associate the “Russian Idea” with a bridge connecting different nations and civilizations. The question of whether Russia should be focused primarily on protecting national foundations and geopoliti…
The Global and the Nationally Distinctive in IR Theory
The article examines the issue of the international and nationally distinctive, which has been the subject of a new big debate in the science of international relations in the last 15 years. The authors show that despite the dominance of universalist positions within the Western academic mainstream, their criticism continues to grow. In this regard, an interesting project of the global IR theory by A. Acharya and B. Buzan is being discussed. In o…
Good Enough Power
The Harvest of Globalism
Might Makes No Right
The article describes the crisis of modern international relations theory (IRT) and assesses the prospects of political realism for developing a nationally oriented theory in Russia. The authors believe that realism can significantly contribute to the development of such a theory. However, the developmental tasks facing Russia go beyond the scope of realism; Russia must formulate a comprehensive idea of national development and IRT. The national …
Russia, Eurasia and the Meaning of Crimea
The essay analyses Russia’s historical goals in Eurasia and argues that the geopolitical meaning of Russia’s annexation of Crimea is closely related to the Kremlin’s ambition to play a key role in structuring the region. Russia’s determination to remain a major power, along with the global power transition from the West-centred to an increasingly regionalised world, make Russia’s return to Eurasia important. The return to Eurasia has demonstrated…
Putin’s “Global Hybrid War”
Despite the reputation of being objective and non-partisan, experts frequently validate concepts and ideas popular within the dominant elite circles.To support this argument, we have taken a closer look into the Atlantic Council (AC), an American think tank with clear preferences for the U.S.-centered international order and NATO as the foundation of security in Europe.We argue that these preferences have translated into anti-Russian bias in AC p…
Constructing National Values
As the world moves away from the West-centered international system, IR scholars are increasingly turning their attention to substance and formation of national values. Using the case of Russia, we show how distinct schools of IR theory and foreign policy dominant in the country have come to recognize the importance of national values as a lens through which to assess the country's means and goals of development. Each in its way, these schools—Ci…
Russian Foreign Policy
G – Great Powerness
In the theory of international relations, great powerness is associated not only with independent foreign policy and national security, but also with the opportunities and influence that only a few states in the world have. At the same time, the concept of 'great power' has different interpretations. For some, it means material and power possibilities, for others, it is status and prestige, while still others understand it as an ideological and p…
The Revisionist Moment
In response to recent changes in the international system, several schools of thought within the expert community have competed for influence inside Russia. Some of them push toward the establishment of a new, concert-based global power, while others warn that global instability is the new normal or doubt that the world has moved past the West-centered system. The Kremlin remains instinctively revisionist yet is also wary of any sharp and potenti…
Dark Double
The Wilsonian Bias in the Study of Russian Foreign Policy
We examine some problematic narratives in the American international relations scholarship on Russia, focusing on some implicit assumptions about the drivers of Russian foreign policy. Most prominently, this includes the idea that Russian foreign policy is driven primarily by the qualities of its internal regime. While domestic institutions undoubtedly matter, we argue that two other factors are key for understanding Russia’s foreign policy: the …
Nato, Russia, and regional security in Europe and Eurasia. Introduction to the issue
Research Article| June 01 2018 NATO, Russia, and regional security in Europe and Eurasia. Introduction to the issue Andrei P. Tsygankov Andrei P. Tsygankov Department of Political Science, San Francisco State University, USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Communist and Post-Communist Studies (2018) 51 (2): 89–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2018.03.002 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures …
Routledge Handbook of Russian Foreign Policy
Providing a comprehensive overview of Russia's foreign policy directions, this handbook brings together an international team of scholars to develop a complex treatment of Russia's foreign policy. The chapters draw from numerous theoretical traditions by incorporating ideas of domestic institutions, considerations of national security and international recognition as sources of the nation's foreign policy. Covering critically important subjects s…
The sources of Russia’s fear of Nato
The paper analyzes Russia’s perception of NATO since the beginning of its eastern enlargement. Russia’s reaction to the enlargement evolved from attempts to diffuse its potential damage through a limited cooperation to passive and then active policies of containment. The latter have resulted in a risky behavior with respect to the alliance and a concentration of Russian military on the Western border. Two factors can assist us in explaining Russi…
In the Shadow of Nikolai Danilevskii
In order to contribute to our understanding of Russian geopolitical theory, this article investigates closely the figure of Nikolai Danilevskii. The article pays special attention to the thinker’s increased influence on contemporary Russian geopolitical thought, by presenting qualitative and quantitative evidence of this influence. It explains Danilevskii’s rise by looking at Western pressures on Russia and the country’s internal vulnerabilities.…
The dark double
This article combines quantitative and textual analysis of editorials in leading American newspapers devoted to Russia’s internal politics from 2008 to 2014. Despite rapprochement under President Dmitry Medvedev, the media image of Russia has been overwhelmingly negative since 2008. Negative media editorial opinions of Russia reflect fears of autocratic political systems that are represented as a dangerous mirror image of the American system. To …
Crafting the State-Civilization Vladimir Putin’s Turn to Distinct Values
Since the Soviet disintegration, Russians have engaged in discussions of what constitutes their system of distinct values. Today the language of a “distinct civilization” is widely employed by top officials. This paper seeks to understand this discourse of distinctiveness as shaped by both history and politics. It studies the ideological shift by employing analysis of speeches by major officials and meaningful historical parallels. Like earlier h…
The securitization of democracy
This article explores the claims of Russian officials that US assessments of economic and political developments in Russia, particularly those of Freedom House (FH), are excessively critical and often used to justify global dominance. To assess the validity of such claims, three different influences are considered: culture, power, and special interests. The article finds that all three, each with roots in the cold war, play a role in shaping asse…
Vladimir Putin's last stand
The paper studies Russia's Ukraine policy since the Orange Revolution. Russia's policy toward its western neighbor has evolved from unhappy relations with Victor Yushchenko to rapprochement with Victor Yanukovich and then confrontation over the revolutionary power change in Kiev in February 2014. The paper argues that Vladimir Putin's actions following February revolution in Kiev demonstrate both change and continuity in Russia's foreign policy. …
Vladimir Putin's Vision of Russia as a Normal Great Power
A specialist on Russian foreign policy analyzes Putin's international strategy. The author draws on the writings of Russia's foreign policy decisionmakers, as well as on the commentary of Russian and Western analysts, to identify Putin's vision and compare it with that of recent leaders. Three elements of Putin's policies are examined: state concentration, cooperation with the West, and Russia's projection of influence in the former Soviet region…
Crafting the State-Civilization Vladimir Putin’s Turn to Distinct Values
Since the Soviet disintegration, Russians have engaged in discussions of what constitutes their system of distinct values. Today the language of a “distinct civilization” is widely employed by top officials. This paper seeks to understand this discourse of distinctiveness as shaped by both history and politics. It studies the ideological shift by employing analysis of speeches by major officials and meaningful historical parallels. Like earlier h…
National Purpose in the World Economy
How do national identities affect the world economy? Building on the insight that nationalisms and national identities endow economic policy with social purpose, Rawi Abdelal proposes a novel theoretical framework, a distinctively Nationalist perspective on international political economy, to answer this question. Using this framework, and drawing on field research in Lithuania, Ukraine, and Belarus, he provides an in-depth look at the link betwe…
The dark double
This article combines quantitative and textual analysis of editorials in leading American newspapers devoted to Russia’s internal politics from 2008 to 2014. Despite rapprochement under President Dmitry Medvedev, the media image of Russia has been overwhelmingly negative since 2008. Negative media editorial opinions of Russia reflect fears of autocratic political systems that are represented as a dangerous mirror image of the American system. To …
The Limits of Partnership
Mastering space in Eurasia
This essay assumes the significance of spatial imagination in shaping the political and cultural boundaries of the post-Soviet Eurasia and reviews the newly emerged geopolitical arguments in Russia. Rather than perceiving Eurasianist views in Russia as relatively homogeneous, I argue that such thinking is highly diverse and varies from West-friendly versions to those that are openly isolationist and expansionist. To support my argument, I select …
Finding a Civilisational Idea
Civilisations are imagined, ratherm than real, and nations undergoing identity crises typically represent themselves through multiple civilisational visions. Scholars of geopolitics can hardly understand foreign policy without analysing those visions and social contexts, in which they rise and fall. This article selects for analysis three distinct civilisational ideas of Russia – “West,” “Eurasia” and “Euro-East” – associated with Boris Yeltsin, …
Duelling Honors
The paper explores a shift from engagement to confrontation in Russia's policy toward Georgia since the Rose Revolution. In addition to emphasizing power and security as explanations of Russia's behavior, the paper focuses on considerations of honor and prestige. The latter are relational and a product of Russia's perception of its ties with Western nations. Honor also plays a crucial role in Georgia's attitude toward its northern neighbor, and t…
The Wilsonian Bias in the Study of Russian Foreign Policy
We examine some problematic narratives in the American international relations scholarship on Russia, focusing on some implicit assumptions about the drivers of Russian foreign policy. Most prominently, this includes the idea that Russian foreign policy is driven primarily by the qualities of its internal regime. While domestic institutions undoubtedly matter, we argue that two other factors are key for understanding Russia’s foreign policy: the …
Russia's International Assertiveness
The Kremlin's new international assertiveness is an opportunity for cooperation, not confrontation
Contested Identity and Foreign Policy
This paper develops a framework for interpreting state international policy by treating national identity as inherently contested. Building on insights from constructivist literature, it proposes a technique for establishing the meaning of foreign policy action on several interrelated levels: state-based, society-based, and international. The paper illustrates the benefits of the approach by selecting the example of Russia's European diplomacy un…
National ideology and IR theory
In an attempt to broaden our perspective on IR theory formation, this article seeks to highlight the significance of ideology. Consistent with the recently revived sociology of knowledge tradition in international studies, we view IR scholarship as grounded in certain social and ideological conditions. Although some scholars have studied the political, ideological, and epistemological biases of Western, particularly American, civilization, in ord…
Russia's Power and Alliances in the 21st Century
Russia's power resources have recovered significantly since the start of the twenty-first century and with that recovery the Kremlin has become more assertive in pursuing its great power ambitions. To remain a great power, however, even a regional one, Russia has to recover its economy and learn to exploit its comparative advantages, such as expertise in energy and military affairs and memberships in international organisations
Assessing Cultural and Regime-Based Explanations of Russia's Foreign Policy. ‘Authoritarian at Heart and Expansionist by Habit’
Scholars disagree on how to interpret Russia's assertive foreign policy. According to some observers, Russia's authoritarian culture and political system have historically required the Kremlin to depend on the Western threat image at home and to engage in revisionist behaviour abroad. These observers recommend that Western nations abstain from engaging Russia as an equal contributor to shaping the global system. This article assesses the validity…
The Irony of Western Ideas in a Multicultural World
International ideas can make important contributions to how local cultures and civilizations perceive each other. Indeed, ideas formulated in one society can be misunderstood by the domestic publics of another society when they are framed in an ethnocentric or culturally exclusive manner. This essay examines the discursive engagement of the Russian political elite with two prominent Western visions regarding the post-Cold War world order: Fukuyam…
The Revisionist Moment
In response to recent changes in the international system, several schools of thought within the expert community have competed for influence inside Russia. Some of them push toward the establishment of a new, concert-based global power, while others warn that global instability is the new normal or doubt that the world has moved past the West-centered system. The Kremlin remains instinctively revisionist yet is also wary of any sharp and potenti…
The sources of Russia’s fear of Nato
The paper analyzes Russia’s perception of NATO since the beginning of its eastern enlargement. Russia’s reaction to the enlargement evolved from attempts to diffuse its potential damage through a limited cooperation to passive and then active policies of containment. The latter have resulted in a risky behavior with respect to the alliance and a concentration of Russian military on the Western border. Two factors can assist us in explaining Russi…
Preserving Influence in a Changing World
Under Putin and Medvedev, Russia has been creating flexible international coalitions in order to achieve its central objective of becoming an independent center of power and influence. This strategy will work only if the Kremlin can find a workable combination of assertiveness and international recognition
The Heartland no more
The Eurasian region continues to disintegrate, and neither Russia nor the West has been able to arrest the destabilizing dynamics. Evidence of rising instability throughout the region include the August 2008 Russia-Georgia war, terrorist attacks in the Northern Caucasus, the persistent failure of Western forces to stabilize Afghanistan, the inability of Central Asian rulers to reign in local clans and drug lords, and the paralysis of legitimately…
Self and Other in International Relations Theory
Journal Article Self and Other in International Relations Theory: Learning from Russian Civilizational Debates Get access Andrei P. Tsygankov Andrei P. Tsygankov Departments of Political Science and International Relations, San Francisco State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Studies Review, Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2008, Pages 762–775, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2008.0…
The frustrating partnership
This paper analyzes Russia’s presidential discourses and emotions of the West from March 2008 to December 2012. By studying the languages of inclusiveness and exclusiveness in annual addresses to the Federation Council and public statements, I have identified several distinct stages in the Kremlin’s emotional evolution from fear to hope to frustration: the initial fear (March 2008–June 2009), hope (September 2009–the late 2010), and frustration (…
The final triumph of the Pax Americana? Western intervention in Yugoslavia and Russia's debate on the post-Cold War order
This paper addresses the question of world order by considering how Western military actions in Yugoslavia were perceived from a different cultural perspective. It traces how the NATO-led bombing campaign during March–June of 1999 affected various visions of world order that had existed in Russia before the campaign and describes the discursive change this campaign produced. The argument is made that Russia's foreign policy elites, from Westerniz…
Russia in the Post-Western World
If the relative decline of the West and the great power shift defined as "the rise of the rest" are approaching, there are important implications for Russia's foreign policy. Drawing on the work of Russian and Western commentators, this article offers a preliminary assessment of the post-Western world's implications for Russia and its foreign policy. The challenge of the emerging post-Western world and the manifestations of the West's declining h…
Manifestations of Delegative Democracy in Russian Local Politics
In attempts to describe post-communist politics adequately, this paper employs the concept of delegative democracy for analyzing Russia's local politics. It argues that the election rather than appointment by the President of local governors in Russia has facilitated the establishment of a system which can be generally described as delegative democracy. This regime inherits free and contested elections from the democratic system and non-democrati…
Russia
As parliamentary and presidential elections approach, Russian democrats need to learn the lessons of the December 1993 election and improve their strategies
From International Institutionalism to Revolutionary Expansionism
Journal Article From International Institutionalism to Revolutionary Expansionism: The Foreign Policy Discourse of Contemporary Russia Get access Andrei P. Tsygankov Andrei P. Tsygankov School of International Relations, University of Southern California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mershon International Studies Review, Volume 41, Issue Supplement_2, November 1997, Pages 247–268, https://doi.org/10.2307…
Manifestations of Delegative Democracy in Russian Local Politics
In attempts to describe post-communist politics adequately, this paper employs the concept of delegative democracy for analyzing Russia's local politics. It argues that the election rather than appointment by the President of local governors in Russia has facilitated the establishment of a system which can be generally described as delegative democracy. This regime inherits free and contested elections from the democratic system and non-democrati…
Pluralism or isolation of Civilisations? Russia's foreign policy discourse and the reception of Huntington's paradigm of the post-cold war world
This paper studies the effects of Samuel Huntington's ‘Clash of Civilisations’ thesis on Russian foreign policy discourse. In response to Huntington's thesis, two major currents of Russia's foreign policy thinking ‐ Liberals and Nationalists ‐ are identified, both of which are critical of the thesis. The two groups offer diametrically opposed alternatives to Huntington's paradigm of the post‐Cold War world. The Liberal‐Nationalist controversy ref…
Defining state interests after empire
After 1991 some of the former Soviet republics directed their international trade primarily to Russia and other former members of the Soviet state, while others shifted their trade policies sharply away from this pattern and toward new partners. A central reason for the difference in trade policy orientations, not sufficiently appreciated by available literature, is substantial variations in the strength of the new republics' national identities.…
The final triumph of the Pax Americana? Western intervention in Yugoslavia and Russia's debate on the post-Cold War order
This paper addresses the question of world order by considering how Western military actions in Yugoslavia were perceived from a different cultural perspective. It traces how the NATO-led bombing campaign during March–June of 1999 affected various visions of world order that had existed in Russia before the campaign and describes the discursive change this campaign produced. The argument is made that Russia's foreign policy elites, from Westerniz…
From Global Order to Global Transition
The world entered the era of change no later than the second half of the 2000s; however, analysts still lack a common understanding of the conditions that surrounded the disintegration of the former world order as well as of the processes, horizons and results of the transition to a new global order. This article discusses what exactly is in store for Russia and when-a growing global disorder caused by the collapse of international institutions c…
Rediscovering National Interests after the “End of History”
The Culture of Economic Security
National Purpose in the World Economy
How do national identities affect the world economy? Building on the insight that nationalisms and national identities endow economic policy with social purpose, Rawi Abdelal proposes a novel theoretical framework, a distinctively Nationalist perspective on international political economy, to answer this question. Using this framework, and drawing on field research in Lithuania, Ukraine, and Belarus, he provides an in-depth look at the link betwe…
The Irony of Western Ideas in a Multicultural World
International ideas can make important contributions to how local cultures and civilizations perceive each other. Indeed, ideas formulated in one society can be misunderstood by the domestic publics of another society when they are framed in an ethnocentric or culturally exclusive manner. This essay examines the discursive engagement of the Russian political elite with two prominent Western visions regarding the post-Cold War world order: Fukuyam…
Mastering space in Eurasia
This essay assumes the significance of spatial imagination in shaping the political and cultural boundaries of the post-Soviet Eurasia and reviews the newly emerged geopolitical arguments in Russia. Rather than perceiving Eurasianist views in Russia as relatively homogeneous, I argue that such thinking is highly diverse and varies from West-friendly versions to those that are openly isolationist and expansionist. To support my argument, I select …
Dilemmas and promises of Russian liberalism
The authors analyze the divisions within Russian liberalism—another influential IR theory—and the contradictory nature of this intellectual movement. In particular, they draw the attention to the debate between pro-Western and more nationally oriented liberals, which they view in terms of the familiar disagreement between supporters of cosmopolitan and communitarian thoughts. Whereas cosmopolitans insist on the emergence of a single humanity and …
New directions in Russian international studies
The essay argues that Western scholars can improve their understanding of the post-Soviet Russia by studying the discipline of new Russian international relations (IR). The other objective of the essay is to move away from the excessively West-centered IR scholarship by exploring indigenous Russian perceptions and inviting a dialogue across the globe. The essay identifies key trends in Russian IR reflective of the transitional nature of Russia’s …
New Challenges for Putin's Foreign Policy
Vladimir Putin's Vision of Russia as a Normal Great Power
A specialist on Russian foreign policy analyzes Putin's international strategy. The author draws on the writings of Russia's foreign policy decisionmakers, as well as on the commentary of Russian and Western analysts, to identify Putin's vision and compare it with that of recent leaders. Three elements of Putin's policies are examined: state concentration, cooperation with the West, and Russia's projection of influence in the former Soviet region…
If not by tanks, then by banks? The role of soft power in Putin's foreign policy
This article considers the benefits of the recently developed concept of ‘soft power’ in understanding Russia's foreign policy. It argues that claims that Moscow is exercising a form of soft power imperialism in the former Soviet region cannot be fully supported by the existing evidence. To differentiate between the imperialist and stabilising objectives of Russian foreign policy the article analyses the Russian domestic discourse on exploiting s…
Projecting Confidence, Not Fear
Two Faces of Putin's Great Power Pragmatism
Finding a Civilisational Idea
Civilisations are imagined, ratherm than real, and nations undergoing identity crises typically represent themselves through multiple civilisational visions. Scholars of geopolitics can hardly understand foreign policy without analysing those visions and social contexts, in which they rise and fall. This article selects for analysis three distinct civilisational ideas of Russia – “West,” “Eurasia” and “Euro-East” – associated with Boris Yeltsin, …
Modern at last? Variety of weak states in the post-Soviet world
Scholarly interest has recently shifted from issues of democratic transition to those of state formation and state viability. The paper reviews scholarly contributions to understanding state weakness and suggests criteria and indicators to capture stateness in the former Soviet region. It suggests a preliminary ranking of the post-Soviet states along dimensions of national order, economic efficiency and political viability. The paper hypothesizes…
A Sociology of Dependence in International Relations Theory
This article addresses the question of interaction between Western and “non-Western” international relations (IR) by analyzing liberal theory of IR that is emerging in contemporary Russia. We argue that, despite a growing diversity within Russian scholarship of liberal orientation, it remains largely a product of Western, particularly American, intellectual hegemony, and more so than any other theoretical perspective. As compared to two other exi…
Self and Other in International Relations Theory
Journal Article Self and Other in International Relations Theory: Learning from Russian Civilizational Debates Get access Andrei P. Tsygankov Andrei P. Tsygankov Departments of Political Science and International Relations, San Francisco State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Studies Review, Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2008, Pages 762–775, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2008.0…
Risks and Opportunities of Crossing the Academy/Policy Divide
Editors' Note:The theme statement of the 2007 annual meeting of the International Studies Association challenged scholars to reflect on their responsibility to the policy world and the wider policy community. It asked whether those of us in the academy have a responsibility to seek political and social change by working for national governments and international organizations or whether such work results in unacceptable compromises with our polit…
Responsible Scholarship in International Relations
The theme of the 2007 annual meeting of the ISA in Chicago, Politics, Policy, and Responsible Scholarship, encouraged participants to reflect on their ethical responsibilities as scholars and teachers. International relations (IR) scholars hold very different views on the purposes of their research—whether it should be motivated by policy-oriented problem solving within existing power structures or structurally transformational. The conference th…
Political science (65 obras) · Law (56 obras) · Politics (52 obras) · Sociology (45 obras) · International Relations and Foreign Policy (42 obras) · Political economy (39 obras) · Law (36 obras) · Economics (33 obras) · Russia and Soviet political economy (28 obras) · Foreign policy (24 obras)