John A Fleishman
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3923457 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | John A Fleishman |
| NOMBRES | John A |
| APELLIDO | Fleishman |
| FIRMA | FLEISHMAN J A |
| AFILIACIONES | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 62 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 196 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 62 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1975 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2015 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
The Lifetime Medical Cost Savings From Preventing HIV in the United States
OBJECTIVE: Enhanced HIV prevention interventions, such as preexposure prophylaxis for high-risk individuals, require substantial investments. We sought to estimate the medical cost saved by averting 1 HIV infection in the United States. METHODS: We estimated lifetime medical costs in persons with and without HIV to determine the cost saved by preventing 1 HIV infection. We used a computer simulation model of HIV disease and treatment (CEPAC) to p…
Disparities in Receipt of Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-infected Adults (2002–2008)
OBJECTIVE: Prior research has documented sociodemographic disparities in the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Recent therapeutic developments and changing epidemiological profiles may have altered such disparities. We examine the extent to which sociodemographic differences in prescribed ART have changed between 2002 and 2008. METHODS: We analyzed data abstracted from medical records at 13 US sites participating in the Human Immunodeficiency …
HIV-related medical service use by rural/urban residents
OBJECTIVE: Geographic location may be related to the receipt of quality HIV health care services. Clinical outcomes and health care utilization were evaluated in rural, urban, and peri-urban patients seen at high-volume US urban-based HIV care sites. METHODS: Zip codes for 8773 HIV patients followed in 2005 at seven HIV Research Network sites were categorized as rural (population 100,000). Clinical and demographic characteristics, inpatient and o…
Deriving SF-12v2 physical and mental health summary scores
The Economic Burden of Late Entry Into Medical Care for Patients With HIV Infection
CONTEXT: A large proportion of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection enter care late in the HIV disease course. Late entry can increase expenditures for care. OBJECTIVE: To estimate direct medical care expenditures for HIV patients as a function of disease status at initial presentation to care. Late entry is defined as initial CD4 test result ≤ 200 cells/mm3, intermediate entry as initial CD4 counts >200, and ≤ 500 cells/mm3; …
Haart receipt and viral suppression among HIV-infected patients with co-occurring mental illness and illicit drug use
Mental illness (MI) and illicit drug use (DU) frequently co-occur. We sought to determine the individual and combined effects of MI and DU on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) receipt and HIV-RNA suppression among individuals engaged in HIV care. Using 2004 data from the HIV Research Network (HIVRN), we performed a cross-sectional study of HIV-infected patients followed at seven primary care sites. Outcomes of interest were HAART recei…
Self-Rated Mental Health and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Mental Health Service Use
BACKGROUND: Studies of health service use for emotional problems show that the majority of those with disorders do not seek professional help. In addition, mental health service use is lower among members of minority communities, compared with non-Hispanic whites. OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of self-reported mental health as an indicator of awareness of mental conditions and as an influence in the process of seeking mental health care. RESEARC…
The impact of illicit drug use and substance abuse treatment on adherence to Haart
High levels of adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are essential for virologic suppression and longer survival in patients with HIV. We examined the effects of substance abuse treatment, current versus former substance use, and hazardous/binge drinking on adherence to HAART. During 2003, 659 HIV patients on HAART in primary care were interviewed. Adherence was defined as > or =95% adherence to all antiretroviral medications.…
Differential item functioning and health assessment
Enhancing measurement in health outcomes research supported by Agencies within the US Department of Health and Human Services
Global Self-Rated Mental Health
BACKGROUND: A large body of research shows that global self-rated health is related to important outcome variables. Increasingly, studies also obtain a single global self-rating of mental health, but understanding of what this item measures is limited. OBJECTIVE: To clarify interpretation of self-reported mental health, we examine its associations with other validated measures of mental health and role functioning. RESEARCH DESIGN: We conducted c…
Using the SF-12 Health Status Measure to Improve Predictions of Medical Expenditures
BACKGROUND: Relatively few studies have used self-reported health status in models to predict medical expenditures, and many of these have used the SF-36. OBJECTIVES: We sought to examine the ability of the briefer SF-12 measure of health status to predict medical expenditures in a nationally representative sample. METHODS: We used data from the 2000-2001 panel of the Medical Expenditure Panel Study. Respondents (n = 5542) completed the SF-12 in …
Assessing and Understanding Measurement Equivalence in Health Outcome Measures
From *Outcomes Research & Management, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania; and the †Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors. No official endorsement by DHHS, the National Institutes of Health, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, or Merck & Co., Inc. is intended or should be inferred. Reprints: Co…
Racial and Gender Disparities in Receipt of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Persist in a Multistate Sample of HIV Patients in 2001
BACKGROUND: National data from the mid-1990s demonstrated that many eligible patients did not receive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and that racial and gender disparities existed in HAART receipt. We examined whether demographic disparities in the use of HAART persist in 2001 and if outpatient care is associated with HAART utilization. METHODS: Demographic, clinical, and pharmacy utilization data were collected from 10 US HIV prima…
Patterns of Diagnoses in Hospital Admissions in a Multistate Cohort of HIV-Positive Adults in 2001
BACKGROUND: Admissions for AIDS-related illnesses decreased soon after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), but it is unclear if the trends have continued in the current HAART era. An understanding of healthcare utilization patterns is important for optimization of care and resource allocation. We examined the diagnoses for hospitalizations of patients with HIV in 2001. METHODS: Demographic and healthcare data were co…
Immunologic Function and Virologic Suppression Among Children With Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
BACKGROUND: The goal of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been to stabilize and reconstitute immune function and suppress viral replication to the greatest degree possible. Suppression of HIV viral replication has been associated with improved long-term and short-term prognosis. Limited data are available on the level of virologic suppression and immune function of pediatric patients followed in clinical settings in the HAART era. …
Hospital and Outpatient Health Services Utilization Among HIV-Infected Adults in Care 2000–2002
BACKGROUND: Rapid changes in HIV epidemiology and antiretroviral therapy may have resulted in recent changes in patterns of healthcare utilization. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine sociodemographic and clinical correlates of inpatient and outpatient HIV-related health service utilization in a multistate sample of patients with HIV. DESIGN: Demographic, clinical, and resource utilization data were collected from medical record…
Hospital and Outpatient Health Services Utilization Among HIV-Infected Children in Care 2000–2001
BACKGROUND: The aging of the pediatric HIV cohort and advances in antiretroviral therapy for children may have resulted in recent changes in patterns of healthcare utilization. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to examine inpatient and outpatient HIV-related health service utilization in a multistate sample of HIV-infected children, and to assess sociodemographic and clinical correlates of utilization. DESIGN: Cohort study of pediatri…
High Rates of Primary Mycobacterium avium Complex and Pneumocystis jiroveci Prophylaxis in the United States
BACKGROUND: National data from the mid-1990s demonstrated that many eligible patients with HIV infection do not receive prophylaxis for opportunistic infections (OIs) and that racial and gender disparities existed in OI prophylaxis receipt. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether demographic disparities in use of OI prophylaxis persist in 2001 and if outpatient care is associated with OI prophylaxis utilization. RESEARCH DESIGN: Demographic, clinical, and…
Moving for care
This paper examines sociodemographic and HIV-related factors associated with moving post-HIV diagnosis for non-care- and care-related reasons (versus never moving post-HIV diagnosis). Distinctions are made between those who move for informal care only, formal care only, or informal and formal care. Data come from the nationally representative US HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (N=2,864). Overall, 31.8% moved at least once post-HIV diagnos…
Differences in patient and clinic characteristics at Care Act funded versus non-Care Act funded HIV clinics
The Ryan White CARE Act supports comprehensive care to persons with HIV infection. With an annual budget of over $1 billion, it is the largest federally funded programme for HIV care in the USA. We analysed data from the HIV Costs and Services Utilization Study, a nationally representative sample of HIV patients. Patient data were collected in 1996-97 and clinic data were collected in 1998-99. We examined whether CARE Act funded clinics differed …
Patterns of Coping Among Persons with HIV Infection
This study examines coping in response to HIV infection, using longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample ( n = 2,864) of HIV‐infected persons. We investigated configurations of coping responses, the correlates of configuration membership, the stability of coping configurations, and the relationship of coping to emotional well‐being. Four coping configurations emerged from cluster analyses: relatively frequent use of blame‐withdraw…
Use of Alternative Therapists Among People in Care for HIV in the United States
Objectives. This study examined the influence of sociodemographic, clinical, and attitudinal variables on the use of alternative therapists by people in care for HIV. Methods. Bivariate and multivariate analyses of baseline data from the nationally representative HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study were conducted. Results. Overall, 15.4% had used an alternative therapist, and among users, 53.9% had fewer than 5 visits in the past 6 months. Us…
Analyses of National Data Using Urban Influence Codes
Background. Rural-urban disparities in access to and utilization of medical care have been a long-standing focus of concern. Objective. Using the nine-category Urban Influence Codes, this study examines the relationship between place of residence and having access and utilization of ambulatory health services. Research Design. Data come from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, conducted in 1996. Linear and logistic regression analyses assess th…
Rural-Urban Differences in Usual Source of Care and Ambulatory Service Use
BACKGROUND: Rural-urban disparities in access to and utilization of medical care have been a long-standing focus of concern. OBJECTIVE: Using the nine-category Urban Influence Codes, this study examines the relationship between place of residence and having access and utilization of ambulatory health services. RESEARCH DESIGN: Data come from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, conducted in 1996. Linear and logistic regression analyses assess th…
Combining Activities of Daily Living with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living to Measure Functional Disability
Measures of functional disability typically contain items that reflect limitations in performing activities of daily living (ADLs) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Combining IADL and ADL items together in the same scale would provide enhanced range and sensitivity of measurement. This article presents psychometric justification for a combined ADL/IADL scale. Data come from 2,977 disabled respondents in the 1989 National Long-Te…
The Effects of Decision Framing and Others' Behavior on Cooperation in a Social Dilemma
In a decision situation, the choice alternatives can be described, or framed, with respect to different reference points, such as gains or losses. This study investigates the effects of decision framing in a social dilemma. Subjects, in groups of four or five persons, participated in a simulated social dilemma. Two factors were manipulated: decision framing (either in terms of giving to a collective good or taking from a collective good), and oth…
A Report
Journal Article IDEOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION: TRENDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF THE LIBERAL-CONSERVATIVE BALANCE Get access JOHN P. ROBINSON, JOHN P. ROBINSON Professor of Sociology Director of the Survey Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JOHN A. FLEISHMAN JOHN A. FLEISHMAN Assistant Professor of Sociology University of Maryland, Baltimore County Search for oth…
Impact of Differential Item Functioning on Age and Gender Differences in Functional Disability
Comparisons of disability across sociodemographic groups need to take DIF into account. Future research should examine the causes of DIF and develop alternative question wordings that reduce DIF effects
Types of Political Attitude Structure
Journal Article Types of Political Attitude Structure: Results of a Cluster Analysis Get access John A. Fleishman John A. Fleishman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 50, Issue 3, Fall 1986, Pages 371–386, https://doi.org/10.1086/268990 Published: 01 January 1986
Trends in Self-Identified Ideology from 1972 to 1982
Data from six American National Election Studies are used to assess changes in selfidentified political ideology from 1972 to 1982. According to the salience hypothesis, political orientations of the general public reflect the degree to which the political context provides clear and compelling cues for thinking about political affairs; if politicians emphasize ideological differences, such emphases should influence whether, and how, people identi…
Personality Characteristics and Coping Patterns
Attitude Organization in the General Public
Coping, Conflictual Social Interactions, Social Support, and Mood Among HIV‐Infected Persons
This study considers the interrelationships among coping, conflictual social interactions, and social support, as well as their combined associations with positive and negative mood. Research has shown that each of these variables affects adjustment to stressful circumstances. Few studies, however, examine this full set of variables simultaneously. One hundred forty HIV‐infected persons completed a questionnaire containing measures of coping, soc…
Linking Intentions and Behavior
Using data gathered as part of a study of young people’s early career attainments, this paper examines factors that influence Australian high school seniors’ plans to attend college and their actual entry into college. The paper applies the Fishbein-Ajzen (1975) model of attitude-behavior relations to the particular issue of the link between intentions to continue school and the realization of those intentions. Results show that the Fishbein-Ajze…
Ideological Trends in American Public Opinion
Data from four national survey organizations indicate a growing trend toward more conservative ideological identification in the public over the last decade. At the same time, however, the public is becoming increasingly liberal on many issues, particularly racial tolerance and women's rights. Since the election of Ronald Reagan the public seems divided also on welfare issues: while support is found for increased government spending on current so…
Minimum Resource and Pivotal Power Theories
This paper reports a competitive test of minimum resource and pivotal power theories in tetradic situations. Using resource distributions for which the theories make distinct predictions, the study obtained data on the formation of coalitions and the division of payoffs. Results indicate that minimum resource theory is superior to pivotal power theory in predicting coalition formation, especially for resource distributions where one member has ve…
Collective action as helping behavior
Organizing Aids Service Consortia
Developing consortia or coalitions of health and social service agencies is commonly advocated as a response to problems of service fragmentation or lack of coordination. In this article, we describe the structure and functioning of consortia established to promote coordinated systems of community-based care for people with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in nine communities across the United States. Consortia varied in the nature of t…
A test of the bargaining theory of coalition formation in four-person groups
Patterns of Coping Among Persons with HIV Infection
This study examines coping in response to HIV infection, using longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample ( n = 2,864) of HIV‐infected persons. We investigated configurations of coping responses, the correlates of configuration membership, the stability of coping configurations, and the relationship of coping to emotional well‐being. Four coping configurations emerged from cluster analyses: relatively frequent use of blame‐withdraw…
Status Congruence and Associativeness
Minimum Resource and Pivotal Power Theories
This paper reports a competitive test of minimum resource and pivotal power theories in tetradic situations. Using resource distributions for which the theories make distinct predictions, the study obtained data on the formation of coalitions and the division of payoffs. Results indicate that minimum resource theory is superior to pivotal power theory in predicting coalition formation, especially for resource distributions where one member has ve…
A test of the bargaining theory of coalition formation in four-person groups
Status Congruence and Associativeness
Collective action as helping behavior
Social Exchange in Developing Relationships
Ideological Trends in American Public Opinion
Data from four national survey organizations indicate a growing trend toward more conservative ideological identification in the public over the last decade. At the same time, however, the public is becoming increasingly liberal on many issues, particularly racial tolerance and women's rights. Since the election of Ronald Reagan the public seems divided also on welfare issues: while support is found for increased government spending on current so…
Personality Characteristics and Coping Patterns
Types of Political Attitude Structure
Journal Article Types of Political Attitude Structure: Results of a Cluster Analysis Get access John A. Fleishman John A. Fleishman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 50, Issue 3, Fall 1986, Pages 371–386, https://doi.org/10.1086/268990 Published: 01 January 1986
Trends in Self-Identified Ideology from 1972 to 1982
Data from six American National Election Studies are used to assess changes in selfidentified political ideology from 1972 to 1982. According to the salience hypothesis, political orientations of the general public reflect the degree to which the political context provides clear and compelling cues for thinking about political affairs; if politicians emphasize ideological differences, such emphases should influence whether, and how, people identi…
Using Lisrel to Evaluate Measurement Models and Scale Reliability
The present paper demonstrates how LISREL can be used to examine measurement model assumptions and to assess the reliability of a scale. LISREL was used to investigate (a) the nature of the basic measurement model for a scale, (b) scale invariance across time, and (c) scale invariance across groups. Information obtained in such analyses helps to assess accurately the estimate of the reliability of the scale. As an illustration, responses of 722 e…
Linking Intentions and Behavior
Using data gathered as part of a study of young people’s early career attainments, this paper examines factors that influence Australian high school seniors’ plans to attend college and their actual entry into college. The paper applies the Fishbein-Ajzen (1975) model of attitude-behavior relations to the particular issue of the link between intentions to continue school and the realization of those intentions. Results show that the Fishbein-Ajze…
Linking Intentions and Behavior
Using data gathered as part of a study of young people's early career attainments, this paper examines factors that influence Australian high school seniors' plans to attend college and their actual entry into college. The paper applies the Fishbein-Ajzen (1975) model of attitude-behavior relations to the particular issue of the link between intentions to continue school and the realization of those intentions. Results show that the Fishbein-Ajze…
Justice in Social Relations
A Report
Journal Article IDEOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION: TRENDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF THE LIBERAL-CONSERVATIVE BALANCE Get access JOHN P. ROBINSON, JOHN P. ROBINSON Professor of Sociology Director of the Survey Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JOHN A. FLEISHMAN JOHN A. FLEISHMAN Assistant Professor of Sociology University of Maryland, Baltimore County Search for oth…
The Effects of Decision Framing and Others' Behavior on Cooperation in a Social Dilemma
In a decision situation, the choice alternatives can be described, or framed, with respect to different reference points, such as gains or losses. This study investigates the effects of decision framing in a social dilemma. Subjects, in groups of four or five persons, participated in a simulated social dilemma. Two factors were manipulated: decision framing (either in terms of giving to a collective good or taking from a collective good), and oth…
Beliefs about Inequality
Motivated by the desire to explain how Americans perceive and evaluate inequality and related programs and policies, the authors conducted a national survey of beliefs about and economic inequality in America. Here they present the results of their research on the structure, determinants, and certain political and personal consequences of these beliefs. The presentations serve two major goals; to describe and explain the central features of Ameri…
Attitude Organization in the General Public
A Comparison of Hospital and Community Case Management Programs for Persons With Aids
To determine whether locus of AIDS case management affects the content of this service, a survey of case managers in 42 major American cities was conducted. One hundred seventy-one case managers working in both public hospitals and community-based organizations (CBOs) responded. Hospital case managers were substantially more likely to report clinical training than CBO case managers. Hospital case managers' case loads were more likely to include d…
Perceived Need for Dental Care Among Persons Living with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Compromised oral health holds significant implications for the general health of medically vulnerable, HIV infected individuals. Past studies have reported that these individuals frequently suffer from oral opportunistic infections and have a tendency to develop severe periodontal disease. This study extends past research by examining the prevalence of oral infections according to patient characteristics and by reporting, for the first time, the …
Quality of Life in Persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability and validity of the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Short Form Health Survey as an indicator for quality of life in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN: Patient interview survey. SETTING: The AIDS Health Services Program in seven sites: Newark and Jersey City, New Jersey; Nassau County, New York; Atlanta, Georgia; Dallas, Texas; Fort Lauderdale and Miami, Florida; New Orleans, Lo…
Organizing Aids Service Consortia
Developing consortia or coalitions of health and social service agencies is commonly advocated as a response to problems of service fragmentation or lack of coordination. In this article, we describe the structure and functioning of consortia established to promote coordinated systems of community-based care for people with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in nine communities across the United States. Consortia varied in the nature of t…
Variation in Health Service Use Among HIV-lnfected Patients
The effects of sociodemographic factors on health service use among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are assessed. Data are from a survey of 939 clients of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's AIDS Health Services Program in nine communities across the country. Dependent variables are the number of outpatient visits, use of the emergency room, and whether the respondent had been admitted as an inpatient. In the 3 months be…
Factors Associated With Patient Satisfaction Among Symptomatic HIV-lnfected Persons
Stein, Michael D. MD; Fleishman, John PhD; Mor, Vincent PhD; Dresser, Marguerite MS Author Information
Dental Service Use Among Adults with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Fleishman, John A. PhD; Schneider, Donald A. DDS, MPH; Garcia, Isabel DDS, MPH; Hardwick, Kevin DDS, MPH Author Information
The Care of HIV-Infected Adults in the United States
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: In order to elucidate the medical care of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States, we randomly sampled HIV-infected adults receiving medical care in the contiguous United States at a facility other than military, prison, or emergency department facility during the first two months of 1996. We interviewed 76 percent of 4042 patients selected from among the patients receiving care from…
Medicine (41 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (27 obras) · Psychology (27 obras) · Health care (19 obras) · Gerontology (15 obras) · Demography (14 obras) · Social Psychology (14 obras) · Family medicine (13 obras) · Internal Medicine (13 obras) · Environmental health (12 obras)