Christine Grady
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3931307 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Christine Grady |
| NOMBRES | Christine |
| APELLIDO | Grady |
| FIRMA | GRADY C |
| AFILIACIONES | Christine Grady and Lindsay A. Hampson are with the Department of Clinical Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. Gwenyth R. Wallen and Migdalia V. Rivera-Goba are with the Office of Research and Outcomes Management, Department of Nursing, National Institutes of Health. Kelli L. Carrington and Barbara B. Mittleman are with the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health. |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 26 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 25 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 26 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1998 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Deciding with Others
Over the course of human life, health care decision‐making is often interdependent. In this article, we use “interdependence” to refer to patients’ engagement of nonclinicians—for example, family members or trusted friends—to reach health care decisions. Interdependence, we suggest, is common for patients in all stages of life, from early childhood to late adulthood. This view contrasts with the common bioethical assumption that medical decisions…
Covid‐19
The Covid‐19 pandemic has highlighted many of the difficult ethical issues that health care professionals confront in caring for patients and families. The decisions such workers face on the front lines are fraught with uncertainty for all stakeholders. Our focus is on the implications for nurses, who are the largest global health care workforce but whose perspectives are not always fully considered. This essay discusses three overarching ethical…
Factors Associated With Women’s Health Care Decision-Making Autonomy
Women’s decision-making autonomy has been poorly studied in most developing countries. The few existing studies suggest that it is closely linked to women’s socio-demographic characteristics and the social settings in which they live. This study examined Nigerian women’s perceived decision-making autonomy about their own health care using nationally representative data from the 2013 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey. The study sample consist…
Making the Choices Necessary to Make a Difference
In this essay, I offer some reflections on how the topics were identified and approached by the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues, on which I had the honor to serve, in the hope that the reflections may be useful to future national bioethics commissions. In the executive order that established the bioethics commission, President Obama explicitly recognized the ethical imperative to responsibly pursue science, innovation, …
Women's autonomy in health care decision-making in developing countries
Autonomy is considered essential for decision-making in a range of health care situations, from health care seeking and utilization to choosing among treatment options. Evidence suggests that women in developing or low-income countries often have limited autonomy and control over their health decisions. A review of the published empirical literature to identify definitions and methods used to measure women's autonomy in developing countries descr…
Cultivating Synergy in Nursing, Bioethics, and Policy
Nursing and bioethics have a lot in common because they share concerns about life and death, illness and health, the rights of individuals and communities, ethical patient care, health care delivery, and public health. Nurses and bioethicists contribute to ethical practice, ethics scholarship, and health policy‐making in a variety of ways. Some nurses have bioethics education or experience, some bioethicists study or collaborate closely with nurs…
Emergency Nursing, Ebola, and Public Policy
Excellent patient care within the emergency department requires interdisciplinary training, teamwork, and communication to manage the chaos of the environment. Specifically, invasive procedures required to manage airway, breathing, and circulation via intubation, chest compressions, and establishing intravenous access can provide a direct benefit to save lives but also have the potential to harm both patients and health care clinicians alike; eme…
In Memoriam
Making the Transition to a Learning Health Care System
The authors of the two main articles in this supplement recognize the enormous potential of learning health care systems. Their first article argues that the development of these systems calls into question existing guidelines and practices that treat clinical care and clinical research as distinct activities. Their second article proposes to replace this traditional approach with a new framework, one intended to promote two important goals: supp…
A Systematic Review of the Empirical Literature Evaluating IRBs
Institutional review boards (IRBs) are integral to the U.S. system of protection of human research participants. Evaluation of IRBs, although difficult, is essential. To date, no systematic review of IRB studies has been published. We conducted a systematic review of empirical studies of U.S. IRBs to determine what is known about the function of IRBs and to identify gaps in knowledge. A structured search in PubMed identified forty-three empirical…
Shah and Grady Respond
Onyeabor's letter highlighted some of the ethical complexities inherent in posttrial access. Although we agree that ethically, individuals benefiting from antiretroviral therapy should continue to receive it, the challenge for all of us involved in the ethical conduct of research is to be clear about how this should occur. Many study participants in developing countries, including those in the studies cited, understandably feel that antiretrovira…
Planning for Posttrial Access to Antiretroviral Treatment for Research Participants in Developing Countries
Despite recognition of the importance of posttrial access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the implementation process has not been studied. We examined whether the National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidance document was being implemented in NIH-funded ART trials conducted in developing countries between July 2005 and June 2007. All of the 18 studies we identified had posttrial access plans for trial participants. More than 70% had specific mech…
Ethical climate, ethics stress, and the job satisfaction of nurses and social workers in the United States
Exploring the Ethics of Clinical Research in an Urban Community
Objectives. We consulted with representatives of an urban community in Washington, DC, about the ethics of clinical research involving residents of the community with limited access to health care. Methods. A semistructured community consultation was conducted with core members of the Health Partnership Program of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Three research case examples were discussed; questions and …
Respondent Burden in Clinical Research
Connie M. Ulrich, Gwenyth R. Wallen, Autumn Feister, Christine Grady, Respondent Burden in Clinical Research: When Are We Asking Too Much of Subjects?, IRB: Ethics & Human Research, Vol. 27, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 2005), pp. 17-20
Research on Stored Biological Samples
David Wendler, Christine Pace, Ambrose O. Talisuna, Faustine Maiso, Christine Grady, Ezekiel Emanuel, Research on Stored Biological Samples: The Views of Ugandans, IRB: Ethics & Human Research, Vol. 27, No. 2 (Mar. - Apr., 2005), pp. 1-5
The Quality of Informed Consent in a Clinical Research Study in Thailand
Christine Pace, Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Theshinee Chuenyam, Chris Duncombe, Judith D. Bebchuk, David Wendler, Jorge A. Tavel, Laura A. McNay, Praphan Phanuphak, Heidi P. Forster, Christine Grady, The Quality of Informed Consent in a Clinical Research Study in Thailand, IRB: Ethics & Human Research, Vol. 27, No. 1 (Jan. - Feb., 2005), pp. 9-17
Informed Consent
Lindsay Sabik, Christine A. Pace, Heidi P. Forster-Gertner, David Wendler, Judith D. Bebchuk, Jorge A. Tavel, Laura A. McNay, Jack Killen, Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Christine Grady, Informed Consent: Practices and Views of Investigators in a Multinational Clinical Trial, IRB: Ethics & Human Research, Vol. 27, No. 5 (Sep. - Oct., 2005), pp. 13-18
Quality of Parental Consent in a Ugandan Malaria Study
Objectives. We surveyed Ugandan parents who enrolled their children in a randomized pediatric malaria treatment trial to evaluate the parents’ levels of understanding about the treatment trial and the quality of the parents’ consents to allow their children to participate in the study. Methods. We conducted 347 interviews immediately following enrollment at 4 Ugandan sites. Results. A majority (78%) of the parents, most of whom where mothers (86%…
The Limitations of “Vulnerability” as a Protection for Human Research Participants
Vulnerability is one of the least examined concepts in research ethics. Vulnerability was linked in the Belmont Report to questions of justice in the selection of subjects. Regulations and policy documents regarding the ethical conduct of research have focused on vulnerability in terms of limitations of the capacity to provide informed consent. Other interpretations of vulnerability have emphasized unequal power relationships between politically …
What Makes Clinical Research in Developing Countries Ethical? The Benchmarks of Ethical Research
In recent years, there has been substantial debate about the ethics of research in developing countries [1–5]. In general, the controversies have centered on 3 issues: first, the standard of care that should be used in research in developing countries[6–13]; second, the “reasonable availability” of interventions that are proven to be useful during the course of research trials [14–19]; and third, the quality of informed consent. The persistence o…
Moral Standards for Research in Developing Countries from "Reasonable Availability" to "Fair Benefits"
Maged El Setouhy, Tsiri Agbenyega, Francis Anto, Christine Alexandra Clerk, Kwadwo A. Koram, Michael English, Rashid Juma, Catherine Molyneux, Norbert Peshu, Newton Kumwenda, Joseph Mfutso-Bengu, Malcolm Molyneux, Terrie Taylor, Doumbia Aissata Diarra, , Mamadou Sylla, Dione Youssouf, Catherine Olufunke Falade, Segun Gbadegesin, Reidar Lie, Ferdinand Mugusi, David Ngassapa, Julius Ecuru, Ambrose Talisuna, Ezekiel Emanuel, Christine Grady, Elizabe…
Misunderstanding in Clinical Research
Sam Horng, Christine Grady, Misunderstanding in Clinical Research: Distinguishing Therapeutic Misconception, Therapeutic Misestimation, & Therapeutic Optimism, IRB: Ethics & Human Research, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Jan. - Feb., 2003), pp. 11-16
Thinking Further about Value
What's the Price of a Research Subject? Approaches to Payment for Research Participation
Successful clinical research depends on the ability to recruit research subjects. Tension between the need to recruit subjects and the obligation to offer them certain types of protection has made recruitment a persistent ethical challenge. One important and difficult issue involves whom investigators should enroll in research studies. A different but equally crucial issue concerns the types of inducement investigators should use to recruit subje…
Ethical climate, ethics stress, and the job satisfaction of nurses and social workers in the United States
Exploring the Ethics of Clinical Research in an Urban Community
Objectives. We consulted with representatives of an urban community in Washington, DC, about the ethics of clinical research involving residents of the community with limited access to health care. Methods. A semistructured community consultation was conducted with core members of the Health Partnership Program of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Three research case examples were discussed; questions and …
Planning for Posttrial Access to Antiretroviral Treatment for Research Participants in Developing Countries
Despite recognition of the importance of posttrial access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the implementation process has not been studied. We examined whether the National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidance document was being implemented in NIH-funded ART trials conducted in developing countries between July 2005 and June 2007. All of the 18 studies we identified had posttrial access plans for trial participants. More than 70% had specific mech…
Quality of Parental Consent in a Ugandan Malaria Study
Objectives. We surveyed Ugandan parents who enrolled their children in a randomized pediatric malaria treatment trial to evaluate the parents’ levels of understanding about the treatment trial and the quality of the parents’ consents to allow their children to participate in the study. Methods. We conducted 347 interviews immediately following enrollment at 4 Ugandan sites. Results. A majority (78%) of the parents, most of whom where mothers (86%…
Science in the Service of Healing
Every major code of ethics concerning research with human subjects, from the Nuremberg Code to the present, has recognized that for clinical research to be ethically justifiable it must satisfy at least the following requirements: value, validity, and protection of the rights and welfare of participants. First, the research question should have value by generating generalizable knowledge that will contribute to diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophy…
What's the Price of a Research Subject? Approaches to Payment for Research Participation
Successful clinical research depends on the ability to recruit research subjects. Tension between the need to recruit subjects and the obligation to offer them certain types of protection has made recruitment a persistent ethical challenge. One important and difficult issue involves whom investigators should enroll in research studies. A different but equally crucial issue concerns the types of inducement investigators should use to recruit subje…
Thinking Further about Value
Misunderstanding in Clinical Research
Sam Horng, Christine Grady, Misunderstanding in Clinical Research: Distinguishing Therapeutic Misconception, Therapeutic Misestimation, & Therapeutic Optimism, IRB: Ethics & Human Research, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Jan. - Feb., 2003), pp. 11-16
The Limitations of “Vulnerability” as a Protection for Human Research Participants
Vulnerability is one of the least examined concepts in research ethics. Vulnerability was linked in the Belmont Report to questions of justice in the selection of subjects. Regulations and policy documents regarding the ethical conduct of research have focused on vulnerability in terms of limitations of the capacity to provide informed consent. Other interpretations of vulnerability have emphasized unequal power relationships between politically …
What Makes Clinical Research in Developing Countries Ethical? The Benchmarks of Ethical Research
In recent years, there has been substantial debate about the ethics of research in developing countries [1–5]. In general, the controversies have centered on 3 issues: first, the standard of care that should be used in research in developing countries[6–13]; second, the “reasonable availability” of interventions that are proven to be useful during the course of research trials [14–19]; and third, the quality of informed consent. The persistence o…
Moral Standards for Research in Developing Countries from "Reasonable Availability" to "Fair Benefits"
Maged El Setouhy, Tsiri Agbenyega, Francis Anto, Christine Alexandra Clerk, Kwadwo A. Koram, Michael English, Rashid Juma, Catherine Molyneux, Norbert Peshu, Newton Kumwenda, Joseph Mfutso-Bengu, Malcolm Molyneux, Terrie Taylor, Doumbia Aissata Diarra, , Mamadou Sylla, Dione Youssouf, Catherine Olufunke Falade, Segun Gbadegesin, Reidar Lie, Ferdinand Mugusi, David Ngassapa, Julius Ecuru, Ambrose Talisuna, Ezekiel Emanuel, Christine Grady, Elizabe…
Respondent Burden in Clinical Research
Connie M. Ulrich, Gwenyth R. Wallen, Autumn Feister, Christine Grady, Respondent Burden in Clinical Research: When Are We Asking Too Much of Subjects?, IRB: Ethics & Human Research, Vol. 27, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 2005), pp. 17-20
Research on Stored Biological Samples
David Wendler, Christine Pace, Ambrose O. Talisuna, Faustine Maiso, Christine Grady, Ezekiel Emanuel, Research on Stored Biological Samples: The Views of Ugandans, IRB: Ethics & Human Research, Vol. 27, No. 2 (Mar. - Apr., 2005), pp. 1-5
The Quality of Informed Consent in a Clinical Research Study in Thailand
Christine Pace, Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Theshinee Chuenyam, Chris Duncombe, Judith D. Bebchuk, David Wendler, Jorge A. Tavel, Laura A. McNay, Praphan Phanuphak, Heidi P. Forster, Christine Grady, The Quality of Informed Consent in a Clinical Research Study in Thailand, IRB: Ethics & Human Research, Vol. 27, No. 1 (Jan. - Feb., 2005), pp. 9-17
Informed Consent
Lindsay Sabik, Christine A. Pace, Heidi P. Forster-Gertner, David Wendler, Judith D. Bebchuk, Jorge A. Tavel, Laura A. McNay, Jack Killen, Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Christine Grady, Informed Consent: Practices and Views of Investigators in a Multinational Clinical Trial, IRB: Ethics & Human Research, Vol. 27, No. 5 (Sep. - Oct., 2005), pp. 13-18
Quality of Parental Consent in a Ugandan Malaria Study
Objectives. We surveyed Ugandan parents who enrolled their children in a randomized pediatric malaria treatment trial to evaluate the parents’ levels of understanding about the treatment trial and the quality of the parents’ consents to allow their children to participate in the study. Methods. We conducted 347 interviews immediately following enrollment at 4 Ugandan sites. Results. A majority (78%) of the parents, most of whom where mothers (86%…
Exploring the Ethics of Clinical Research in an Urban Community
Objectives. We consulted with representatives of an urban community in Washington, DC, about the ethics of clinical research involving residents of the community with limited access to health care. Methods. A semistructured community consultation was conducted with core members of the Health Partnership Program of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Three research case examples were discussed; questions and …
Ethical climate, ethics stress, and the job satisfaction of nurses and social workers in the United States
Planning for Posttrial Access to Antiretroviral Treatment for Research Participants in Developing Countries
Despite recognition of the importance of posttrial access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the implementation process has not been studied. We examined whether the National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidance document was being implemented in NIH-funded ART trials conducted in developing countries between July 2005 and June 2007. All of the 18 studies we identified had posttrial access plans for trial participants. More than 70% had specific mech…
Shah and Grady Respond
Onyeabor's letter highlighted some of the ethical complexities inherent in posttrial access. Although we agree that ethically, individuals benefiting from antiretroviral therapy should continue to receive it, the challenge for all of us involved in the ethical conduct of research is to be clear about how this should occur. Many study participants in developing countries, including those in the studies cited, understandably feel that antiretrovira…
A Systematic Review of the Empirical Literature Evaluating IRBs
Institutional review boards (IRBs) are integral to the U.S. system of protection of human research participants. Evaluation of IRBs, although difficult, is essential. To date, no systematic review of IRB studies has been published. We conducted a systematic review of empirical studies of U.S. IRBs to determine what is known about the function of IRBs and to identify gaps in knowledge. A structured search in PubMed identified forty-three empirical…
Making the Transition to a Learning Health Care System
The authors of the two main articles in this supplement recognize the enormous potential of learning health care systems. Their first article argues that the development of these systems calls into question existing guidelines and practices that treat clinical care and clinical research as distinct activities. Their second article proposes to replace this traditional approach with a new framework, one intended to promote two important goals: supp…
In Memoriam
Women's autonomy in health care decision-making in developing countries
Autonomy is considered essential for decision-making in a range of health care situations, from health care seeking and utilization to choosing among treatment options. Evidence suggests that women in developing or low-income countries often have limited autonomy and control over their health decisions. A review of the published empirical literature to identify definitions and methods used to measure women's autonomy in developing countries descr…
Cultivating Synergy in Nursing, Bioethics, and Policy
Nursing and bioethics have a lot in common because they share concerns about life and death, illness and health, the rights of individuals and communities, ethical patient care, health care delivery, and public health. Nurses and bioethicists contribute to ethical practice, ethics scholarship, and health policy‐making in a variety of ways. Some nurses have bioethics education or experience, some bioethicists study or collaborate closely with nurs…
Emergency Nursing, Ebola, and Public Policy
Excellent patient care within the emergency department requires interdisciplinary training, teamwork, and communication to manage the chaos of the environment. Specifically, invasive procedures required to manage airway, breathing, and circulation via intubation, chest compressions, and establishing intravenous access can provide a direct benefit to save lives but also have the potential to harm both patients and health care clinicians alike; eme…
Making the Choices Necessary to Make a Difference
In this essay, I offer some reflections on how the topics were identified and approached by the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues, on which I had the honor to serve, in the hope that the reflections may be useful to future national bioethics commissions. In the executive order that established the bioethics commission, President Obama explicitly recognized the ethical imperative to responsibly pursue science, innovation, …
Factors Associated With Women’s Health Care Decision-Making Autonomy
Women’s decision-making autonomy has been poorly studied in most developing countries. The few existing studies suggest that it is closely linked to women’s socio-demographic characteristics and the social settings in which they live. This study examined Nigerian women’s perceived decision-making autonomy about their own health care using nationally representative data from the 2013 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey. The study sample consist…
Covid‐19
The Covid‐19 pandemic has highlighted many of the difficult ethical issues that health care professionals confront in caring for patients and families. The decisions such workers face on the front lines are fraught with uncertainty for all stakeholders. Our focus is on the implications for nurses, who are the largest global health care workforce but whose perspectives are not always fully considered. This essay discusses three overarching ethical…
Psychology (18 obras) · Ethics in Clinical Research (16 obras) · Medicine (15 obras) · Political science (13 obras) · Biomedical Ethics and Regulation (10 obras) · Ethics in medical practice (10 obras) · Engineering ethics (8 obras) · Health care (8 obras) · Law (7 obras) · Public relations (7 obras)