Mohammad Salman
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 4064387 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Mohammad Salman |
| NOMBRES | Mohammad |
| APELLIDO | Salman |
| FIRMA | SALMAN M |
| AFILIACIONES | Vrije Universiteit Brussel |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0600-8460 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 10 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 35 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 10 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2015 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Positive and negative public diplomacy, new concepts to understand public diplomacy strategies in the Arab Gulf states
Public diplomacy may be understood as efforts by international actors to influence the international environment by appealing to foreign audiences. This paper suggests a particular approach, based on a conceptualisation that distinguishes between two principal forms: positive and negative forms of public diplomacy. To examine this, the paper explores the role of several increasingly important and influential Arab Gulf states (Saudi Arabia, the UA…
Has Erdoğan made Turkey a ‘subject’ in the Middle East and North Africa
Despite being often recognized as a middle power, Erdoğan and his aides have firmly believed that Turkey was not a real ‘subject’ in international relations and could only become one under Erdoğan’s rule. This paper examines Turkey’s claims to institute itself as a ‘subject’ in regional politics through the concept of ‘actorness’. The article details the two major policy choices that represent Ankara’s emergence as a subject, evaluates them with …
Turkey’s Game Plan in Northern Syria and its Implications for the EU
Throughout the civil war, the Syrian opposition has been politically and militarily supported by several countries. At present, with its boots on the ground, Turkey is the main backer of the armed opposition in northern Syria. In the region, Ankara envisions a long-term presence which is characterized by a continuous control along the M-4 highway from Idlib in the west to the Iraqi border in the east. This will depend, however, on Turkey’s negoti…
Determinants of the Recognition of Foreign Certificates in Flanders
This article explores the assessment of foreign academic certificates in Flanders between January 2014 and February 2019. It examines data NARIC (National Academic and Professional Recognition and Information Centre) Flanders gathered on its applicants, their applications, and its subsequent decisions. As professional recognitions, providing access to regularised professions in Flanders, are given by the designated authorities in their field, it …
The Hedging Strategy of Small Arab Gulf States
In light of growing tensions in the Persian Gulf between Iran and Saudi Arabia, the search for a formula of security in the five small Gulf States—Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE)—has become a complex issue. The question that arises is how these small Gulf States can maintain security and stability in the prevailing scenario. As the weaknesses of the small Gulf States tends to polarize the region even more, it is a…
Strategic Hedging and Changes in Geopolitical Capabilities for Second-Tier States
Strategic Hedging and Unipolarity's Demise
Strategic hedging is used by second‐tier states in order to improve their relative position vis‐à‐vis the system leader. It is most likely to occur in unipolar systems that are experiencing power diffusion, and it involves the improvement of both military and economic capability while simultaneously avoiding a direct confrontation with the system leader. Strategic hedging takes place against the backdrop of key system dynamics involving the diffu…
Measuring Strategic Hedging Capability of Second-Tier States Under Unipolarity
Strategic Hedging and China’s Economic Policy in the Middle East
This study presents the strategic hedging framework as a way to trace the determinants of the foreign policies of hedging states. We use the case of Chinese energy security strategy in the Middle East as an illustrative case study. It first uses four criteria to establish that China’s energy security strategy in the Middle East is a strong example of strategic hedging behaviour. Then it examines the impact of oil production in the Middle East cou…
Hedging in the Middle East and China‐U.S. Competition 1
This article examines policies of both China and the United States in the Middle East. It evaluates the effectiveness of Beijing's strategic hedging behavior against Washington's “hard power” strategies by discussing several policy challenges in this region: energy security, the Iranian nuclear issue, terrorism, regional alliance structures, and the “Arab Spring.” The results of this study show that the gradual retreat of the United States from t…
Strategic Hedging and China’s Economic Policy in the Middle East
This study presents the strategic hedging framework as a way to trace the determinants of the foreign policies of hedging states. We use the case of Chinese energy security strategy in the Middle East as an illustrative case study. It first uses four criteria to establish that China’s energy security strategy in the Middle East is a strong example of strategic hedging behaviour. Then it examines the impact of oil production in the Middle East cou…
Measuring Strategic Hedging Capability of Second-Tier States Under Unipolarity
Hedging in the Middle East and China‐U.S. Competition 1
This article examines policies of both China and the United States in the Middle East. It evaluates the effectiveness of Beijing's strategic hedging behavior against Washington's “hard power” strategies by discussing several policy challenges in this region: energy security, the Iranian nuclear issue, terrorism, regional alliance structures, and the “Arab Spring.” The results of this study show that the gradual retreat of the United States from t…
The Hedging Strategy of Small Arab Gulf States
In light of growing tensions in the Persian Gulf between Iran and Saudi Arabia, the search for a formula of security in the five small Gulf States—Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE)—has become a complex issue. The question that arises is how these small Gulf States can maintain security and stability in the prevailing scenario. As the weaknesses of the small Gulf States tends to polarize the region even more, it is a…
Strategic Hedging and Unipolarity's Demise
Strategic hedging is used by second‐tier states in order to improve their relative position vis‐à‐vis the system leader. It is most likely to occur in unipolar systems that are experiencing power diffusion, and it involves the improvement of both military and economic capability while simultaneously avoiding a direct confrontation with the system leader. Strategic hedging takes place against the backdrop of key system dynamics involving the diffu…
Strategic Hedging and Changes in Geopolitical Capabilities for Second-Tier States
Strategic Hedging and China’s Economic Policy in the Middle East
This study presents the strategic hedging framework as a way to trace the determinants of the foreign policies of hedging states. We use the case of Chinese energy security strategy in the Middle East as an illustrative case study. It first uses four criteria to establish that China’s energy security strategy in the Middle East is a strong example of strategic hedging behaviour. Then it examines the impact of oil production in the Middle East cou…
Hedging in the Middle East and China‐U.S. Competition 1
This article examines policies of both China and the United States in the Middle East. It evaluates the effectiveness of Beijing's strategic hedging behavior against Washington's “hard power” strategies by discussing several policy challenges in this region: energy security, the Iranian nuclear issue, terrorism, regional alliance structures, and the “Arab Spring.” The results of this study show that the gradual retreat of the United States from t…
Measuring Strategic Hedging Capability of Second-Tier States Under Unipolarity
Strategic Hedging and Unipolarity's Demise
Strategic hedging is used by second‐tier states in order to improve their relative position vis‐à‐vis the system leader. It is most likely to occur in unipolar systems that are experiencing power diffusion, and it involves the improvement of both military and economic capability while simultaneously avoiding a direct confrontation with the system leader. Strategic hedging takes place against the backdrop of key system dynamics involving the diffu…
Strategic Hedging and Changes in Geopolitical Capabilities for Second-Tier States
Determinants of the Recognition of Foreign Certificates in Flanders
This article explores the assessment of foreign academic certificates in Flanders between January 2014 and February 2019. It examines data NARIC (National Academic and Professional Recognition and Information Centre) Flanders gathered on its applicants, their applications, and its subsequent decisions. As professional recognitions, providing access to regularised professions in Flanders, are given by the designated authorities in their field, it …
The Hedging Strategy of Small Arab Gulf States
In light of growing tensions in the Persian Gulf between Iran and Saudi Arabia, the search for a formula of security in the five small Gulf States—Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE)—has become a complex issue. The question that arises is how these small Gulf States can maintain security and stability in the prevailing scenario. As the weaknesses of the small Gulf States tends to polarize the region even more, it is a…
Turkey’s Game Plan in Northern Syria and its Implications for the EU
Throughout the civil war, the Syrian opposition has been politically and militarily supported by several countries. At present, with its boots on the ground, Turkey is the main backer of the armed opposition in northern Syria. In the region, Ankara envisions a long-term presence which is characterized by a continuous control along the M-4 highway from Idlib in the west to the Iraqi border in the east. This will depend, however, on Turkey’s negoti…
Has Erdoğan made Turkey a ‘subject’ in the Middle East and North Africa
Despite being often recognized as a middle power, Erdoğan and his aides have firmly believed that Turkey was not a real ‘subject’ in international relations and could only become one under Erdoğan’s rule. This paper examines Turkey’s claims to institute itself as a ‘subject’ in regional politics through the concept of ‘actorness’. The article details the two major policy choices that represent Ankara’s emergence as a subject, evaluates them with …
Positive and negative public diplomacy, new concepts to understand public diplomacy strategies in the Arab Gulf states
Public diplomacy may be understood as efforts by international actors to influence the international environment by appealing to foreign audiences. This paper suggests a particular approach, based on a conceptualisation that distinguishes between two principal forms: positive and negative forms of public diplomacy. To examine this, the paper explores the role of several increasingly important and influential Arab Gulf states (Saudi Arabia, the UA…
Political science (9 obras) · Economics (8 obras) · Law (7 obras) · Politics (6 obras) · Business (5 obras) · Economy (5 obras) · Law (5 obras) · Computer Science (4 obras) · Global Energy Security and Policy (4 obras) · International Development and Aid (4 obras)