Calvin K Lai
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 4231404 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Calvin K Lai |
| NOMBRES | Calvin K |
| APELLIDO | Lai |
| FIRMA | LAI C K |
| AFILIACIONES | Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2437-9783 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 13 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 48 |
| OBRAS COMO AUTOR | 13 |
| OBRAS COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2019 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
From Faces to Politics
When foundation models analyze political content, do they use demographic characteristics as shortcuts for ideological attribution? We conducted detailed experiments with GPT-4o-mini and validated key findings across GPT-4o and LLaVA , using identical, ideologically neutral campaign advertisements with systematically varied candidate demographics. All models consistently attributed more liberal ideologies to women than men. These effects exceeded…
Solidarity Imbalances After Racism and Sexism
Because claiming discrimination is not always taken seriously, marginalized groups may consider cues about whom to trust in providing support and solidarity. Black, Hispanic, and Asian participants (Study 1; N = 931) and women (Study 2; N = 1,207) from the United States imagined someone made a discriminatory comment to them and rated the likelihood of being supported by an individual who varied in identity and past solidarity-related behavior. Pa…
A contest study to reduce attractiveness-based discrimination in social judgment
Discrimination in the evaluation of others is a key cause of social inequality around the world. However, relatively little is known about psychological interventions that can be used to prevent biased evaluations. The limited evidence that exists on these strategies is spread across many methods and populations, making it difficult to generate reliable best practices that can be effective across contexts. In the present work, we held a research …
Individual Differences in Implicit Bias Can Be Measured Reliably by Administering the Same Implicit Association Test Multiple Times
The use of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) as a measure of individual differences is stymied by insufficient test–retest reliability for assessing trait-level constructs. We assess the degree to which the IAT measures individual differences and test a method to improve its validity as a “trait” measure: aggregating across IATs. Across three studies, participants (total n = 960) completed multiple IATs in the same session or across multiple se…
Subjective Identity Concealability and the Consequences of Fearing Identity-Based Judgment
In intergroup contexts, people may fear being judged negatively because of an identity they hold. For some, the prospect of concealment offers an opportunity to attenuate this fear. Therefore, believing an identity is concealable may minimize people’s fears of identity-based judgment. Here, we explore the construct of subjective identity concealability: the belief that an identity one holds is concealable from others. Across four pre-registered s…
A Brief Online Implicit Bias Intervention for School Mental Health Clinicians
Clinician bias has been identified as a potential contributor to persistent healthcare disparities across many medical specialties and service settings. Few studies have examined strategies to reduce clinician bias, especially in mental healthcare, despite decades of research evidencing service and outcome disparities in adult and pediatric populations. This manuscript describes an intervention development study and a pilot feasibility trial of t…
A Diffusion Model Approach for Understanding the Impact of 17 Interventions on the Race Implicit Association Test
Performance on implicit measures reflects construct-specific and nonconstruct-specific processes. This creates an interpretive issue for understanding interventions to change implicit measures: Change in performance could reflect changes in the constructs of interest or changes in other mental processes. We reanalyzed data from six studies ( N = 23,342) to examine the process-level effects of 17 interventions and one sham intervention to change r…
The Selective Communication of Political Information
People seek out and interpret political information in self-serving ways. In four experiments, we show that people are similarly self-serving in the political information they share with others. Participants learned about positive and negative effects of increasing the minimum wage (in Studies 1–3) or of banning assault weapons (Study 4). They then indicated how likely they would be to mention each effect to close others. Participants were more i…
Implicit Social Cognition
In the last 20 years, research on implicit social cognition has established that social judgments and behavior are guided by attitudes and stereotypes of which the actor may lack awareness. Research using the methods of implicit social cognition has produced the concept of implicit bias, which has generated wide attention not only in social, clinical, and developmental psychology, but also in disciplines outside of psychology, including business,…
Concealability beliefs facilitate navigating intergroup contexts
Living in a diverse world requires the ability to navigate intergroup contexts. However, interacting with outgroup members can cause anxiety that leads to lower‐quality interactions and avoidance of future contact. One reason people experience this anxiety is the concern that others will judge them on the basis of an identity. These concerns may be reduced among people who believe the identity is unperceivable by others. The belief that one's ide…
Reducing implicit racial preferences
Implicit bias change was initially assumed to reflect changes in associations, but subsequent research demonstrated that implicit bias change can also reflect changes in control-oriented processes that constrain the expression of associations. The present research examines the process-level effects of 17 different implicit bias-reduction interventions and one sham intervention by analyzing data from more than 20,000 participants who completed an …
Reducing discrimination
7,921) investigate how noise and bias rely on distinct psychological mechanisms and are influenced by different interventions. Interventions that removed demographic information not only eliminated bias, but also reduced noise (Studies 1a and 1b). Interventions that either decreased (Studies 2a-2c) or increased (Study 3) the time available to evaluators impacted noise but not bias, as did interventions altering motivation to process outcome-relev…
A meta-analysis of procedures to change implicit measures
s| < .30). Most studies focused on producing short-term changes with brief, single-session manipulations. Procedures that associate sets of concepts, invoke goals or motivations, or tax mental resources changed implicit measures the most, whereas procedures that induced threat, affirmation, or specific moods/emotions changed implicit measures the least. Bias tests suggested that implicit effects could be inflated relative to their true population…
A meta-analysis of procedures to change implicit measures
s| < .30). Most studies focused on producing short-term changes with brief, single-session manipulations. Procedures that associate sets of concepts, invoke goals or motivations, or tax mental resources changed implicit measures the most, whereas procedures that induced threat, affirmation, or specific moods/emotions changed implicit measures the least. Bias tests suggested that implicit effects could be inflated relative to their true population…
Reducing discrimination
7,921) investigate how noise and bias rely on distinct psychological mechanisms and are influenced by different interventions. Interventions that removed demographic information not only eliminated bias, but also reduced noise (Studies 1a and 1b). Interventions that either decreased (Studies 2a-2c) or increased (Study 3) the time available to evaluators impacted noise but not bias, as did interventions altering motivation to process outcome-relev…
Concealability beliefs facilitate navigating intergroup contexts
Living in a diverse world requires the ability to navigate intergroup contexts. However, interacting with outgroup members can cause anxiety that leads to lower‐quality interactions and avoidance of future contact. One reason people experience this anxiety is the concern that others will judge them on the basis of an identity. These concerns may be reduced among people who believe the identity is unperceivable by others. The belief that one's ide…
Reducing implicit racial preferences
Implicit bias change was initially assumed to reflect changes in associations, but subsequent research demonstrated that implicit bias change can also reflect changes in control-oriented processes that constrain the expression of associations. The present research examines the process-level effects of 17 different implicit bias-reduction interventions and one sham intervention by analyzing data from more than 20,000 participants who completed an …
A contest study to reduce attractiveness-based discrimination in social judgment
Discrimination in the evaluation of others is a key cause of social inequality around the world. However, relatively little is known about psychological interventions that can be used to prevent biased evaluations. The limited evidence that exists on these strategies is spread across many methods and populations, making it difficult to generate reliable best practices that can be effective across contexts. In the present work, we held a research …
A Brief Online Implicit Bias Intervention for School Mental Health Clinicians
Clinician bias has been identified as a potential contributor to persistent healthcare disparities across many medical specialties and service settings. Few studies have examined strategies to reduce clinician bias, especially in mental healthcare, despite decades of research evidencing service and outcome disparities in adult and pediatric populations. This manuscript describes an intervention development study and a pilot feasibility trial of t…
Reducing discrimination
7,921) investigate how noise and bias rely on distinct psychological mechanisms and are influenced by different interventions. Interventions that removed demographic information not only eliminated bias, but also reduced noise (Studies 1a and 1b). Interventions that either decreased (Studies 2a-2c) or increased (Study 3) the time available to evaluators impacted noise but not bias, as did interventions altering motivation to process outcome-relev…
A meta-analysis of procedures to change implicit measures
s| < .30). Most studies focused on producing short-term changes with brief, single-session manipulations. Procedures that associate sets of concepts, invoke goals or motivations, or tax mental resources changed implicit measures the most, whereas procedures that induced threat, affirmation, or specific moods/emotions changed implicit measures the least. Bias tests suggested that implicit effects could be inflated relative to their true population…
Implicit Social Cognition
In the last 20 years, research on implicit social cognition has established that social judgments and behavior are guided by attitudes and stereotypes of which the actor may lack awareness. Research using the methods of implicit social cognition has produced the concept of implicit bias, which has generated wide attention not only in social, clinical, and developmental psychology, but also in disciplines outside of psychology, including business,…
Concealability beliefs facilitate navigating intergroup contexts
Living in a diverse world requires the ability to navigate intergroup contexts. However, interacting with outgroup members can cause anxiety that leads to lower‐quality interactions and avoidance of future contact. One reason people experience this anxiety is the concern that others will judge them on the basis of an identity. These concerns may be reduced among people who believe the identity is unperceivable by others. The belief that one's ide…
Reducing implicit racial preferences
Implicit bias change was initially assumed to reflect changes in associations, but subsequent research demonstrated that implicit bias change can also reflect changes in control-oriented processes that constrain the expression of associations. The present research examines the process-level effects of 17 different implicit bias-reduction interventions and one sham intervention by analyzing data from more than 20,000 participants who completed an …
A Diffusion Model Approach for Understanding the Impact of 17 Interventions on the Race Implicit Association Test
Performance on implicit measures reflects construct-specific and nonconstruct-specific processes. This creates an interpretive issue for understanding interventions to change implicit measures: Change in performance could reflect changes in the constructs of interest or changes in other mental processes. We reanalyzed data from six studies ( N = 23,342) to examine the process-level effects of 17 interventions and one sham intervention to change r…
The Selective Communication of Political Information
People seek out and interpret political information in self-serving ways. In four experiments, we show that people are similarly self-serving in the political information they share with others. Participants learned about positive and negative effects of increasing the minimum wage (in Studies 1–3) or of banning assault weapons (Study 4). They then indicated how likely they would be to mention each effect to close others. Participants were more i…
Subjective Identity Concealability and the Consequences of Fearing Identity-Based Judgment
In intergroup contexts, people may fear being judged negatively because of an identity they hold. For some, the prospect of concealment offers an opportunity to attenuate this fear. Therefore, believing an identity is concealable may minimize people’s fears of identity-based judgment. Here, we explore the construct of subjective identity concealability: the belief that an identity one holds is concealable from others. Across four pre-registered s…
A Brief Online Implicit Bias Intervention for School Mental Health Clinicians
Clinician bias has been identified as a potential contributor to persistent healthcare disparities across many medical specialties and service settings. Few studies have examined strategies to reduce clinician bias, especially in mental healthcare, despite decades of research evidencing service and outcome disparities in adult and pediatric populations. This manuscript describes an intervention development study and a pilot feasibility trial of t…
Individual Differences in Implicit Bias Can Be Measured Reliably by Administering the Same Implicit Association Test Multiple Times
The use of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) as a measure of individual differences is stymied by insufficient test–retest reliability for assessing trait-level constructs. We assess the degree to which the IAT measures individual differences and test a method to improve its validity as a “trait” measure: aggregating across IATs. Across three studies, participants (total n = 960) completed multiple IATs in the same session or across multiple se…
A contest study to reduce attractiveness-based discrimination in social judgment
Discrimination in the evaluation of others is a key cause of social inequality around the world. However, relatively little is known about psychological interventions that can be used to prevent biased evaluations. The limited evidence that exists on these strategies is spread across many methods and populations, making it difficult to generate reliable best practices that can be effective across contexts. In the present work, we held a research …
Solidarity Imbalances After Racism and Sexism
Because claiming discrimination is not always taken seriously, marginalized groups may consider cues about whom to trust in providing support and solidarity. Black, Hispanic, and Asian participants (Study 1; N = 931) and women (Study 2; N = 1,207) from the United States imagined someone made a discriminatory comment to them and rated the likelihood of being supported by an individual who varied in identity and past solidarity-related behavior. Pa…
From Faces to Politics
When foundation models analyze political content, do they use demographic characteristics as shortcuts for ideological attribution? We conducted detailed experiments with GPT-4o-mini and validated key findings across GPT-4o and LLaVA , using identical, ideologically neutral campaign advertisements with systematically varied candidate demographics. All models consistently attributed more liberal ideologies to women than men. These effects exceeded…
Psychology (12 obras) · Social Psychology (11 obras) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (10 obras) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (5 obras) · Cultural Differences and Values (4 obras) · Implicit-association test (4 obras) · Politics (4 obras) · Psychological intervention (4 obras) · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment (4 obras) · Cognitive psychology (3 obras)