John C Defries
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 4491158 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | John C Defries |
| NOMBRES | John C |
| APELLIDO | Defries |
| FIRMA | DEFRIES J C |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Colorado Boulder |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 21 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 53 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 21 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1973 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Mathematics Difficulties and Psychopathology in School-Age Children
This study investigated the relationship between mathematics difficulties and psychopathology in a large community sample ( N = 881) of youth (8–18 years of age) in the United States. The primary aims of the study were to (a) test the associations between mathematics difficulties and specific components of internalizing, externalizing, attention, and social problems; (b) examine potential age and gender differences; and (c) investigate the longit…
Examining the influence of perceived stress on developmental change in memory and perceptual speed for adopted and nonadopted individuals
The present study prospectively evaluated cumulative early life perceived stress in relation to differential change in memory and perceptual speed from middle childhood to early adulthood. We aimed to identify periods of cognitive development susceptible to the effects of perceived stress among both adopted and nonadopted individuals. The sample consisted of participants in the Colorado Adoption Project (CAP, N = 690). Structured latent growth cu…
Top 10 Replicated Findings From Behavioral Genetics
In the context of current concerns about replication in psychological science, we describe 10 findings from behavioral genetic research that have replicated robustly. These are “big” findings, both in terms of effect size and potential impact on psychological science, such as linearly increasing heritability of intelligence from infancy (20%) through adulthood (60%). Four of our top 10 findings involve the environment, discoveries that could have…
Genetic and environmental influences on writing and their relations to language and reading
Design, Utility, and History of the Colorado Adoption Project
This paper describes the Colorado Adoption Project (CAP), a longitudinal study in behavioral development, and discusses how adoption studies may be used to assess genetic and environmental etiologies of individual differences for important developmental outcomes. Previous CAP research on adjustment outcomes in childhood and adolescence which found significant interactions, including gene-environment interactions, is reviewed. New research suggest…
Predicting word reading and comprehension with executive function and speed measures across development
The present study explored whether different executive control and speed measures (working memory, inhibition, processing speed, and naming speed) independently predict individual differences in word reading and reading comprehension. Although previous studies suggest these cognitive constructs are important for reading, the authors analyze the constructs simultaneously to test whether each is a unique predictor. Latent variables from 483 partici…
Behavioral Genetics
Conduct Problems in Adopted and Non-Adopted Adolescents and Adoption Satisfaction as a Protective Factor
The present study compared the level of conduct problems at age 17 in a large, non-clinical sample of adopted participants placed in infancy and children in non-adoptive families matched to the adoptive families on demographic characteristics. Higher levels of adolescent and parent adoption satisfaction were associated with lower levels of conduct problems. Gender by adoption status interactions were not significant. However, female adopted parti…
Gene × environment interactions in reading disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
This article examines Gene x Environment (G x E) interactions in two comorbid developmental disorders--reading disability (RD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)--as a window on broader issues on G x E interactions in developmental psychology. The authors first briefly review types of G x E interactions, methods for detecting them, and challenges researchers confront in interpreting such interactions. They then review previous ev…
Individual differences in executive functions are almost entirely genetic in origin.
Recent psychological and neuropsychological research suggests that executive functions--the cognitive control processes that regulate thought and action--are multifaceted and that different types of executive functions are correlated but separable. The present multivariate twin study of 3 executive functions (inhibiting dominant responses, updating working memory representations, and shifting between task sets), measured as latent variables, exam…
Colorado longitudinal twin study of reading disability
Not All Executive Functions Are Related to Intelligence
Accumulating evidence suggests that executive functions (EFs) are related to intelligence, despite neuropsychological results initially considered evidence of no such relation. However, findings that EFs are not unitary raise the issue of how intelligence relates to different EFs. This study examined the relations of fluid and crystallized intelligence and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IQ to three separable EFs—inhibiting prepotent responses …
Genetic and Environmental Contributions to General Cognitive Ability Through the First 16 Years of Life
The genetic and environmental contributions to the development of general cognitive ability throughout the first 16 years of life were examined using sibling data from the Colorado Adoption Project. Correlations were analyzed along with structural equation models to characterize the genetic and environmental influences on longitudinal stability and instability. Intraclass correlations reflected both considerable genetic influence at each age and …
Longitudinal Connections Between Parenting and Peer Relationships in Adoptive and Biological Families
The links between parent-reported parent-child relationship quality and teacher-reported peer relationship quality were investigated in a sample of biological and adoptive families in the Colorado Adoption Project (CAP; n = 423 children). Data were analyzed using a multilevel model approach. Results indicated that teacher-rated popularity, but not peer problems, was significantly influenced by genetic factors. Longitudinal analyses indicated that…
Longitudinal twin study of early reading development in three countries
Genetic and environmental influences on rapid naming and reading ability
Are associations between parental divorce and children's adjustment genetically mediated? An adoption study
The hypothesis that the association between parental divorce and children's adjustment is mediated by genetic factors was examined in the Colorado Adoption Project, a prospective longitudinal study of 398 adoptive and biological families. In biological families, children who experienced their parents' separation by the age of 12 years exhibited higher rates of behavioral problems and substance use, and lower levels of achievement and social adjus…
Adoption results for self-reported personality
Twin studies consistently indicate moderate genetic influence on individual differences in personality as assessed using self-report questionnaires, with heritability estimates typically about 40%. In this first analysis of self-report personality data from the longitudinal Colorado Adoption Project, little evidence is found for additive genetic influence in parent-offspring and sibling adoption analyses based on a foundation sample of 245 adopti…
Gender differences in cognitive abilities of opposite-sex and same-sex twin pairs with reading disabilty
Genetic and environmental influences on the rate of communicative development in the first year of life
Racial and cultural differences in sensitivity to flickering light
Are associations between parental divorce and children's adjustment genetically mediated? An adoption study
The hypothesis that the association between parental divorce and children's adjustment is mediated by genetic factors was examined in the Colorado Adoption Project, a prospective longitudinal study of 398 adoptive and biological families. In biological families, children who experienced their parents' separation by the age of 12 years exhibited higher rates of behavioral problems and substance use, and lower levels of achievement and social adjus…
Genetic and environmental influences on the rate of communicative development in the first year of life
Adoption results for self-reported personality
Twin studies consistently indicate moderate genetic influence on individual differences in personality as assessed using self-report questionnaires, with heritability estimates typically about 40%. In this first analysis of self-report personality data from the longitudinal Colorado Adoption Project, little evidence is found for additive genetic influence in parent-offspring and sibling adoption analyses based on a foundation sample of 245 adopti…
Genetic and Environmental Contributions to General Cognitive Ability Through the First 16 Years of Life
The genetic and environmental contributions to the development of general cognitive ability throughout the first 16 years of life were examined using sibling data from the Colorado Adoption Project. Correlations were analyzed along with structural equation models to characterize the genetic and environmental influences on longitudinal stability and instability. Intraclass correlations reflected both considerable genetic influence at each age and …
Conduct Problems in Adopted and Non-Adopted Adolescents and Adoption Satisfaction as a Protective Factor
The present study compared the level of conduct problems at age 17 in a large, non-clinical sample of adopted participants placed in infancy and children in non-adoptive families matched to the adoptive families on demographic characteristics. Higher levels of adolescent and parent adoption satisfaction were associated with lower levels of conduct problems. Gender by adoption status interactions were not significant. However, female adopted parti…
Gene × environment interactions in reading disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
This article examines Gene x Environment (G x E) interactions in two comorbid developmental disorders--reading disability (RD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)--as a window on broader issues on G x E interactions in developmental psychology. The authors first briefly review types of G x E interactions, methods for detecting them, and challenges researchers confront in interpreting such interactions. They then review previous ev…
Examining the influence of perceived stress on developmental change in memory and perceptual speed for adopted and nonadopted individuals
The present study prospectively evaluated cumulative early life perceived stress in relation to differential change in memory and perceptual speed from middle childhood to early adulthood. We aimed to identify periods of cognitive development susceptible to the effects of perceived stress among both adopted and nonadopted individuals. The sample consisted of participants in the Colorado Adoption Project (CAP, N = 690). Structured latent growth cu…
Longitudinal Connections Between Parenting and Peer Relationships in Adoptive and Biological Families
The links between parent-reported parent-child relationship quality and teacher-reported peer relationship quality were investigated in a sample of biological and adoptive families in the Colorado Adoption Project (CAP; n = 423 children). Data were analyzed using a multilevel model approach. Results indicated that teacher-rated popularity, but not peer problems, was significantly influenced by genetic factors. Longitudinal analyses indicated that…
Racial and cultural differences in sensitivity to flickering light
Genetic and environmental influences on the rate of communicative development in the first year of life
Gender differences in cognitive abilities of opposite-sex and same-sex twin pairs with reading disabilty
Adoption results for self-reported personality
Twin studies consistently indicate moderate genetic influence on individual differences in personality as assessed using self-report questionnaires, with heritability estimates typically about 40%. In this first analysis of self-report personality data from the longitudinal Colorado Adoption Project, little evidence is found for additive genetic influence in parent-offspring and sibling adoption analyses based on a foundation sample of 245 adopti…
Are associations between parental divorce and children's adjustment genetically mediated? An adoption study
The hypothesis that the association between parental divorce and children's adjustment is mediated by genetic factors was examined in the Colorado Adoption Project, a prospective longitudinal study of 398 adoptive and biological families. In biological families, children who experienced their parents' separation by the age of 12 years exhibited higher rates of behavioral problems and substance use, and lower levels of achievement and social adjus…
Genetic and environmental influences on rapid naming and reading ability
Longitudinal twin study of early reading development in three countries
Longitudinal Connections Between Parenting and Peer Relationships in Adoptive and Biological Families
The links between parent-reported parent-child relationship quality and teacher-reported peer relationship quality were investigated in a sample of biological and adoptive families in the Colorado Adoption Project (CAP; n = 423 children). Data were analyzed using a multilevel model approach. Results indicated that teacher-rated popularity, but not peer problems, was significantly influenced by genetic factors. Longitudinal analyses indicated that…
Genetic and Environmental Contributions to General Cognitive Ability Through the First 16 Years of Life
The genetic and environmental contributions to the development of general cognitive ability throughout the first 16 years of life were examined using sibling data from the Colorado Adoption Project. Correlations were analyzed along with structural equation models to characterize the genetic and environmental influences on longitudinal stability and instability. Intraclass correlations reflected both considerable genetic influence at each age and …
Not All Executive Functions Are Related to Intelligence
Accumulating evidence suggests that executive functions (EFs) are related to intelligence, despite neuropsychological results initially considered evidence of no such relation. However, findings that EFs are not unitary raise the issue of how intelligence relates to different EFs. This study examined the relations of fluid and crystallized intelligence and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IQ to three separable EFs—inhibiting prepotent responses …
Colorado longitudinal twin study of reading disability
Individual differences in executive functions are almost entirely genetic in origin.
Recent psychological and neuropsychological research suggests that executive functions--the cognitive control processes that regulate thought and action--are multifaceted and that different types of executive functions are correlated but separable. The present multivariate twin study of 3 executive functions (inhibiting dominant responses, updating working memory representations, and shifting between task sets), measured as latent variables, exam…
Gene × environment interactions in reading disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
This article examines Gene x Environment (G x E) interactions in two comorbid developmental disorders--reading disability (RD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)--as a window on broader issues on G x E interactions in developmental psychology. The authors first briefly review types of G x E interactions, methods for detecting them, and challenges researchers confront in interpreting such interactions. They then review previous ev…
Conduct Problems in Adopted and Non-Adopted Adolescents and Adoption Satisfaction as a Protective Factor
The present study compared the level of conduct problems at age 17 in a large, non-clinical sample of adopted participants placed in infancy and children in non-adoptive families matched to the adoptive families on demographic characteristics. Higher levels of adolescent and parent adoption satisfaction were associated with lower levels of conduct problems. Gender by adoption status interactions were not significant. However, female adopted parti…
Predicting word reading and comprehension with executive function and speed measures across development
The present study explored whether different executive control and speed measures (working memory, inhibition, processing speed, and naming speed) independently predict individual differences in word reading and reading comprehension. Although previous studies suggest these cognitive constructs are important for reading, the authors analyze the constructs simultaneously to test whether each is a unique predictor. Latent variables from 483 partici…
Behavioral Genetics
Genetic and environmental influences on writing and their relations to language and reading
Design, Utility, and History of the Colorado Adoption Project
This paper describes the Colorado Adoption Project (CAP), a longitudinal study in behavioral development, and discusses how adoption studies may be used to assess genetic and environmental etiologies of individual differences for important developmental outcomes. Previous CAP research on adjustment outcomes in childhood and adolescence which found significant interactions, including gene-environment interactions, is reviewed. New research suggest…
Top 10 Replicated Findings From Behavioral Genetics
In the context of current concerns about replication in psychological science, we describe 10 findings from behavioral genetic research that have replicated robustly. These are “big” findings, both in terms of effect size and potential impact on psychological science, such as linearly increasing heritability of intelligence from infancy (20%) through adulthood (60%). Four of our top 10 findings involve the environment, discoveries that could have…
Examining the influence of perceived stress on developmental change in memory and perceptual speed for adopted and nonadopted individuals
The present study prospectively evaluated cumulative early life perceived stress in relation to differential change in memory and perceptual speed from middle childhood to early adulthood. We aimed to identify periods of cognitive development susceptible to the effects of perceived stress among both adopted and nonadopted individuals. The sample consisted of participants in the Colorado Adoption Project (CAP, N = 690). Structured latent growth cu…
Mathematics Difficulties and Psychopathology in School-Age Children
This study investigated the relationship between mathematics difficulties and psychopathology in a large community sample ( N = 881) of youth (8–18 years of age) in the United States. The primary aims of the study were to (a) test the associations between mathematics difficulties and specific components of internalizing, externalizing, attention, and social problems; (b) examine potential age and gender differences; and (c) investigate the longit…
Psychology (20 obras) · Developmental psychology (17 obras) · Cognition (10 obras) · Cognitive Abilities and Testing (10 obras) · Cognitive psychology (8 obras) · Heritability (7 obras) · Dyslexia (6 obras) · Longitudinal study (6 obras) · Social Psychology (6 obras) · Twin study (6 obras)