A J Holmstrom
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 45680 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | A J Holmstrom |
| NOMBRES | A J |
| APELLIDO | Holmstrom |
| FIRMA | HOLMSTROM A J |
| AFILIACIONES | Michigan State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5054-735X |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 34 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 114 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 34 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2004 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Theoretical Distinctions Between Emotion and Cognition Content in Supportive Messages
What constitutes effective supportive message content is a topic of intense interdisciplinary scholarly interest and has palpable real-world implications for individuals’ well-being. Emotion and cognition content are two commonly theorized supportive message forms. Although both are theorized to operate through conversationally induced reappraisal, their relative effects, underlying mediating mechanisms, and boundary conditions for effectiveness …
Associations between support gaps and agricultural stress
130) experiences of informational and emotional support gaps and dimensions of perceived stress related to their occupation. Gaps in informational support were positively associated with farmers' reports of general perceived stress as well as stress due to time pressures. Emotional support gaps were negatively associated with stress due to economic and climatic conditions
Trait Self-Efficacy as a Moderator of Esteem Support Message Effects in the Parole/Probation Agent-Client Relationship
Research derived from the cognitive-emotional theory of esteem support messages (CETESM) demonstrates that messages that help recipients to reappraise an esteem-threatening event can enhance their state self-esteem. The dual-process theory of supportive communication outcomes posits that various factors moderate the effects of supportive message quality. The present study examines how certain tenets of the dual-process theory of supportive commun…
The roles of verbal person-centeredness, race, and sex in evaluations of emotional support messages parole and probation clients receive from agents
Quality Conversation Can Increase Daily Well-Being
The associations among the frequency and quality of social interactions and in-the-moment and global well-being have been well-documented. Fewer studies explore whether the content of social interactions is associated with well-being using experimental methods. Drawing from the communicate bond belong theory, seven candidate communication episodes and behaviors were identified. In three studies, participants ( N Study 1 = 347, N Study 2 = 310, N …
An Opportunity for Probation and Parole Agents to Provide Optimal Support to Mothers They Supervise
Research has shown that parenting challenges and concerns over child custody contribute to justice-involved mothers’ parenting stress, which is related to recidivism. Justice-involved women often lack support within their social networks to assist them with stressors, but interactions with probation and parole agents can provide opportunities for mothers to obtain needed support. This study examined qualitative data from semi-structured interview…
What Friendship Characteristics Are Associated With Well‐Being Among Unpartnered Individuals in the United States
This paper replicates and extends prior work that demonstrated the general importance of friendships for maintaining well‐being, with a focus on unpartnered/single individuals. Using data from two quota samples of U.S. adults ( N single2022 = 552, N single2023 = 391), we systematically examined how 10 theoretically derived characteristics of single people's friendships are associated with three aspects of well‐being (i.e., life satisfaction, lone…
Probation and parole agent communication patterns as antecedents to clients' reactance and acts to restore freedoms
What's in a label? Exploring the intersection of relationships with best friends and romantic partners with well-being
While romantic relationships are often perceived as a significant milestone, there is increasing evidence of the value of friends within one's network. The present study explored an often-overlooked intersection between romantic relationships and friendships: people who view their romantic partner as their best friend. Utilizing the convoy model of social relations, this study drew from a sample of adult Americans ( N = 940) surveyed about their …
Communication and the self
This essay serves as an introduction to the special issue on 'Communication and the Self.' For over a century, scholars have been intensely interested in how communication intersects with the self, including foci on impression management, identity, and self-esteem. In recent years, new developments in technology and changing societal structures have prompted researchers to consider how traditional theories fare when applied in new contexts. In th…
The Impact of Effort Attributions on the Quality of Esteem Support Messages Produced
Research indicates that receiving esteem support has multiple benefits, however, less is known about the factors that influence the production of esteem support messages of varying quality. We examine how characteristics of potential recipients shape esteem support message production, specifically, how recipients’ effort to help themselves may alter emotions and motivations of potential esteem support providers, affecting the quality of esteem su…
Confirmation, Disconfirmation, and Communal Coping for Joint Physical Activity in Romantic Dyads
Most people in the United States do not engage in sufficient physical activity (PA). However, certain communication behaviors from romantic partners can motivate PA. Research indicates that confirming communication and communal coping (CC) in romantic relationships can increase PA efforts, but less research has examined the role of explicitly disconfirming communication or relationships between confirmation, disconfirmation, and CC on PA outcomes…
An Experimental Investigation of Supportive Tactile Communication During Esteem Support Conversations
The present study examines how supportive touch impacts evaluations of esteem support content containing high emotion-focused (HEF) or high problem-focused (HPF) messages during observed esteem support interactions. A 2 (verbal content; i.e., HEF or HPF) by 2 (nonverbal content; i.e., presence or absence of supportive tactile communication) experiment was conducted to test for main and interactional effects. Results revealed that HEF conditions w…
Adult sibling relationships and media multiplexity theory
Sibling relationships are among the longest-lasting relationships in people's lives. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), including voice calls, texting, and social media, help adult siblings keep in touch. The present study tests media multiplexity theory (MMT) in the context of adult sibling relationships. In the first study, a quota sample of American adults completed several name listing tasks to identify their most important re…
Reactance to Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Messages
Most adults in the United States (U.S.) fail to meet guidelines for physical activity (PA) and nutrition outlined by the Centers for Disease Control. One important predictor of engagement in healthy behavior is support from one’s romantic partner. However, messages from partners may fail to motivate healthy behavior if they threaten recipients’ face and cause reactance. The present study examines face-threatening acts (FTAs) and face management s…
Training Versus Responsiveness in Supportive Interactions Employing Confederates
The cognitive-emotional theory of esteem support messages (CETESM) posits that esteem support can enhance recipients’ state self-esteem after an acute threat. To test the CETESM and other supportive communication theories, researchers have conducted experiments employing trained confederates who provide supportive messages of varying quality to naïve disclosers. Manipulation checks of confederate fidelity to conditions are typically conducted at …
Students' perception of an instructor
Thriving or struggling? Social energy expenditure and patterns of interaction during the Covid-19 pandemic
Experts warned of increased stress for people confined at home during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, increased time spent communicating with loved ones may have had benefits, depending on the type of interactions and social energy they required. Using communicate bond belong (CBB) theory, we examined relationships between social energy expenditure and four outcomes: interaction satisfaction, loneliness, and feelings of being …
Seeing invisible support
The concept of invisible support (Bolger et al., 2000) has sparked interest among social support researchers. Theoretically, invisible support avoids negative support outcomes related to face threats and, therefore, should lead to better outcomes than traditional support. Unfortunately, empirical tests of invisible support have yielded inconsistent results, potentially due to a lack of conceptual and operational clarity in defining invisible supp…
Examining the Effect of Message Style in Esteem Support Interactions
The cognitive–emotional theory of esteem support messages predicts that message style will affect the outcomes of esteem support interactions. However, little research has focused on the effects of message style; that is, how esteem support messages are delivered. The present experiment addresses this lacuna by manipulating message style in a laboratory study examining face-to-face esteem support interactions. Confederates were trained to provide…
Self-Conscious Emotions and Esteem Support
This experiment examines state shame and guilt responses to esteem support messages, testing predictions derived from the cognitive-emotional theory of esteem support messages (CETESM). Participants (N = 852) chose one of eight hypothetical scenarios designed to induce shame and/or guilt. Next, participants were directed to a randomization of emotion-focused (EF) and problem-focused (PF) esteem support messages and were asked to rate how the mess…
Support gaps during the Covid-19 pandemic
During times of stress, supportive communication can buffer individuals from experiencing negative outcomes. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has substantially altered the interactions people rely on for support, which may influence the supportive messages they desire and receive. When people receive quantities of support that differ from what they desire, they experience support gaps, which are often associated with negative outcomes. The present …
The emerging frontier of interpersonal communication and neuroscience
Humans are inherently social, driven to communicate and build relationships with one another. The question of how messages between people create shared understanding lies at the core of interpersonal communication. Relatedly, neuroscience scholars are beginning to investigate how dyads, i.e. two socially interacting brains, produce this shared understanding. Here, we argue that interpersonal communication has much to contribute to this rapidly gr…
Teen and parental perspectives regarding transition of care in type 1 diabetes
Problem-Focused Content in the Job Search
The Cognitive-Emotional Theory of Esteem Support Messages posits that messages intended to enhance recipients' state self-esteem focus on cognitions and/or behaviors. In the current studies, problem-focused message content (i.e., content focused on enacting behavior to alleviate the esteem threat) was of particular interest. College students (Study 1, n= 227) applying for postgraduation jobs and unemployed, underemployed, and/or displaced workers…
Guys Can't Say That to Guys”
Men are less likely than women to provide sensitive emotional support when attempting to comfort others. This paper reports four experiments that tested a normative motivation account for this sex difference, which maintains that men employ less sensitive messages because they desire to avoid acting in what they view as a feminine manner. We propose that target sex and gender schematicity influence the perceived normativeness of comforting behavi…
Some Consequences for Helpers Who Deliver “Cold Comfort”
Effects of Cognitive Complexity and Emotional Upset on Processing Supportive Messages
We report tests of hypotheses derived from a theory of supportive communication outcomes that maintains the effects of supportive messages are moderated by factors influencing the motivation and ability to process these messages. Participants in two studies completed a measure of cognitive complexity, which provided an assessment of processing ability, and reported their degree of upset with a problem situation, which was hypothesized to impact b…
Person-Centered Emotional Support and Gender Attributions in Computer-Mediated Communication
Peer Reviewed
Explaining Gender Differences in Responses to Supportive Messages
Bereaved Adults' Evaluations of Grief Management Messages
This study identifies grief management strategies that bereaved adults evaluate as more and less helpful, assesses whether the person centeredness of these strategies explains their helpfulness, and determines whether strategy helpfulness varies as a function of demographic, personality, and situational factors. Participants (105 bereaved young adults) assessed the helpfulness of 16 grief management strategies; these strategies were coded for the…
Support gaps during the Covid-19 pandemic
During times of stress, supportive communication can buffer individuals from experiencing negative outcomes. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has substantially altered the interactions people rely on for support, which may influence the supportive messages they desire and receive. When people receive quantities of support that differ from what they desire, they experience support gaps, which are often associated with negative outcomes. The present …
Esteem Support Messages Received during the Job Search
The current study extends research on the Cognitive-Emotional Theory of Esteem Support Messages (CETESM) and examines the role of esteem support during the job search. Unemployed, underemployed, and/or displaced job seekers (N=197) recalled an esteem support message they had received during their job search. Messages were coded using a scheme derived from the CETESM. Results indicate that helpful messages (i.e., those that enhanced state self-est…
Problem-Focused Content in the Job Search
The Cognitive-Emotional Theory of Esteem Support Messages posits that messages intended to enhance recipients' state self-esteem focus on cognitions and/or behaviors. In the current studies, problem-focused message content (i.e., content focused on enacting behavior to alleviate the esteem threat) was of particular interest. College students (Study 1, n= 227) applying for postgraduation jobs and unemployed, underemployed, and/or displaced workers…
Adult sibling relationships and media multiplexity theory
Sibling relationships are among the longest-lasting relationships in people's lives. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), including voice calls, texting, and social media, help adult siblings keep in touch. The present study tests media multiplexity theory (MMT) in the context of adult sibling relationships. In the first study, a quota sample of American adults completed several name listing tasks to identify their most important re…
What's in a label? Exploring the intersection of relationships with best friends and romantic partners with well-being
While romantic relationships are often perceived as a significant milestone, there is increasing evidence of the value of friends within one's network. The present study explored an often-overlooked intersection between romantic relationships and friendships: people who view their romantic partner as their best friend. Utilizing the convoy model of social relations, this study drew from a sample of adult Americans ( N = 940) surveyed about their …
Communication and the self
This essay serves as an introduction to the special issue on 'Communication and the Self.' For over a century, scholars have been intensely interested in how communication intersects with the self, including foci on impression management, identity, and self-esteem. In recent years, new developments in technology and changing societal structures have prompted researchers to consider how traditional theories fare when applied in new contexts. In th…
Training Versus Responsiveness in Supportive Interactions Employing Confederates
The cognitive-emotional theory of esteem support messages (CETESM) posits that esteem support can enhance recipients’ state self-esteem after an acute threat. To test the CETESM and other supportive communication theories, researchers have conducted experiments employing trained confederates who provide supportive messages of varying quality to naïve disclosers. Manipulation checks of confederate fidelity to conditions are typically conducted at …
Students' perception of an instructor
The Effects of the Media on Body Image
Guys Can't Say That to Guys”
Men are less likely than women to provide sensitive emotional support when attempting to comfort others. This paper reports four experiments that tested a normative motivation account for this sex difference, which maintains that men employ less sensitive messages because they desire to avoid acting in what they view as a feminine manner. We propose that target sex and gender schematicity influence the perceived normativeness of comforting behavi…
Some Consequences for Helpers Who Deliver “Cold Comfort”
Orientations to Video Games Among Gender and Age Groups
Questionnaires were completed by 5th-, 8th-, and 11th-grade public schools students in rural and suburban school districts and by undergraduates at two universities in the United States ( n = 1,242). They were asked about their orientation to video games—the amount of time they played, their motives for doing so, and the game types they preferred—to better understand the context in which effects research might be organized. The conceptual schema …
Bereaved Adults' Evaluations of Grief Management Messages
This study identifies grief management strategies that bereaved adults evaluate as more and less helpful, assesses whether the person centeredness of these strategies explains their helpfulness, and determines whether strategy helpfulness varies as a function of demographic, personality, and situational factors. Participants (105 bereaved young adults) assessed the helpfulness of 16 grief management strategies; these strategies were coded for the…
Explaining Gender Differences in Responses to Supportive Messages
Effects of Cognitive Complexity and Emotional Upset on Processing Supportive Messages
We report tests of hypotheses derived from a theory of supportive communication outcomes that maintains the effects of supportive messages are moderated by factors influencing the motivation and ability to process these messages. Participants in two studies completed a measure of cognitive complexity, which provided an assessment of processing ability, and reported their degree of upset with a problem situation, which was hypothesized to impact b…
Esteem Support Messages Received during the Job Search
The current study extends research on the Cognitive-Emotional Theory of Esteem Support Messages (CETESM) and examines the role of esteem support during the job search. Unemployed, underemployed, and/or displaced job seekers (N=197) recalled an esteem support message they had received during their job search. Messages were coded using a scheme derived from the CETESM. Results indicate that helpful messages (i.e., those that enhanced state self-est…
Person-Centered Emotional Support and Gender Attributions in Computer-Mediated Communication
Peer Reviewed
Problem-Focused Content in the Job Search
The Cognitive-Emotional Theory of Esteem Support Messages posits that messages intended to enhance recipients' state self-esteem focus on cognitions and/or behaviors. In the current studies, problem-focused message content (i.e., content focused on enacting behavior to alleviate the esteem threat) was of particular interest. College students (Study 1, n= 227) applying for postgraduation jobs and unemployed, underemployed, and/or displaced workers…
The emerging frontier of interpersonal communication and neuroscience
Humans are inherently social, driven to communicate and build relationships with one another. The question of how messages between people create shared understanding lies at the core of interpersonal communication. Relatedly, neuroscience scholars are beginning to investigate how dyads, i.e. two socially interacting brains, produce this shared understanding. Here, we argue that interpersonal communication has much to contribute to this rapidly gr…
Teen and parental perspectives regarding transition of care in type 1 diabetes
Examining the Effect of Message Style in Esteem Support Interactions
The cognitive–emotional theory of esteem support messages predicts that message style will affect the outcomes of esteem support interactions. However, little research has focused on the effects of message style; that is, how esteem support messages are delivered. The present experiment addresses this lacuna by manipulating message style in a laboratory study examining face-to-face esteem support interactions. Confederates were trained to provide…
Self-Conscious Emotions and Esteem Support
This experiment examines state shame and guilt responses to esteem support messages, testing predictions derived from the cognitive-emotional theory of esteem support messages (CETESM). Participants (N = 852) chose one of eight hypothetical scenarios designed to induce shame and/or guilt. Next, participants were directed to a randomization of emotion-focused (EF) and problem-focused (PF) esteem support messages and were asked to rate how the mess…
Support gaps during the Covid-19 pandemic
During times of stress, supportive communication can buffer individuals from experiencing negative outcomes. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has substantially altered the interactions people rely on for support, which may influence the supportive messages they desire and receive. When people receive quantities of support that differ from what they desire, they experience support gaps, which are often associated with negative outcomes. The present …
Thriving or struggling? Social energy expenditure and patterns of interaction during the Covid-19 pandemic
Experts warned of increased stress for people confined at home during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, increased time spent communicating with loved ones may have had benefits, depending on the type of interactions and social energy they required. Using communicate bond belong (CBB) theory, we examined relationships between social energy expenditure and four outcomes: interaction satisfaction, loneliness, and feelings of being …
Seeing invisible support
The concept of invisible support (Bolger et al., 2000) has sparked interest among social support researchers. Theoretically, invisible support avoids negative support outcomes related to face threats and, therefore, should lead to better outcomes than traditional support. Unfortunately, empirical tests of invisible support have yielded inconsistent results, potentially due to a lack of conceptual and operational clarity in defining invisible supp…
Reactance to Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Messages
Most adults in the United States (U.S.) fail to meet guidelines for physical activity (PA) and nutrition outlined by the Centers for Disease Control. One important predictor of engagement in healthy behavior is support from one’s romantic partner. However, messages from partners may fail to motivate healthy behavior if they threaten recipients’ face and cause reactance. The present study examines face-threatening acts (FTAs) and face management s…
Training Versus Responsiveness in Supportive Interactions Employing Confederates
The cognitive-emotional theory of esteem support messages (CETESM) posits that esteem support can enhance recipients’ state self-esteem after an acute threat. To test the CETESM and other supportive communication theories, researchers have conducted experiments employing trained confederates who provide supportive messages of varying quality to naïve disclosers. Manipulation checks of confederate fidelity to conditions are typically conducted at …
Students' perception of an instructor
The Impact of Effort Attributions on the Quality of Esteem Support Messages Produced
Research indicates that receiving esteem support has multiple benefits, however, less is known about the factors that influence the production of esteem support messages of varying quality. We examine how characteristics of potential recipients shape esteem support message production, specifically, how recipients’ effort to help themselves may alter emotions and motivations of potential esteem support providers, affecting the quality of esteem su…
Confirmation, Disconfirmation, and Communal Coping for Joint Physical Activity in Romantic Dyads
Most people in the United States do not engage in sufficient physical activity (PA). However, certain communication behaviors from romantic partners can motivate PA. Research indicates that confirming communication and communal coping (CC) in romantic relationships can increase PA efforts, but less research has examined the role of explicitly disconfirming communication or relationships between confirmation, disconfirmation, and CC on PA outcomes…
An Experimental Investigation of Supportive Tactile Communication During Esteem Support Conversations
The present study examines how supportive touch impacts evaluations of esteem support content containing high emotion-focused (HEF) or high problem-focused (HPF) messages during observed esteem support interactions. A 2 (verbal content; i.e., HEF or HPF) by 2 (nonverbal content; i.e., presence or absence of supportive tactile communication) experiment was conducted to test for main and interactional effects. Results revealed that HEF conditions w…
Adult sibling relationships and media multiplexity theory
Sibling relationships are among the longest-lasting relationships in people's lives. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), including voice calls, texting, and social media, help adult siblings keep in touch. The present study tests media multiplexity theory (MMT) in the context of adult sibling relationships. In the first study, a quota sample of American adults completed several name listing tasks to identify their most important re…
Associations between support gaps and agricultural stress
130) experiences of informational and emotional support gaps and dimensions of perceived stress related to their occupation. Gaps in informational support were positively associated with farmers' reports of general perceived stress as well as stress due to time pressures. Emotional support gaps were negatively associated with stress due to economic and climatic conditions
Psychology (30 obras) · Social Psychology (29 obras) · Social Psychology (16 obras) · Developmental psychology (14 obras) · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics (13 obras) · Cognition (9 obras) · Social support (7 obras) · Communication (6 obras) · Self-esteem (6 obras) · Child Abuse and Trauma (5 obras)