Stephen R Latham
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 4620189 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Stephen R Latham |
| NOMBRES | Stephen R |
| APELLIDO | Latham |
| FIRMA | LATHAM S R |
| AFILIACIONES | Yale University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3036-1400 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 21 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 1 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 21 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2010 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 1 |
Chat-IRB? How application-specific language models can enhance research ethics review
Institutional review boards (IRBs) play a crucial role in ensuring the ethical conduct of human subjects research, but face challenges including inconsistency, delays, and inefficiencies. We propose the development and implementation of application-specific large language models (LLMs) to facilitate IRB review processes. These IRB-specific LLMs would be fine-tuned on IRB-specific literature and institutional datasets, and equipped with retrieval …
Research involving the recently deceased
Research involving recently deceased humans that are physiologically maintained following declaration of death by neurologic criteria—or ‘research involving the recently deceased’—can fill a translational research gap while reducing harm to animals and living human subjects. It also creates new challenges for honouring the donor’s legacy, respecting the rights of donor loved ones, resource allocation and public health. As this research model gain…
Conscience, Disobedience, and Standard of Care
In the article “Principled Conscientious Provision: Referral Symmetry and Its Implications for Protecting Secular Conscience,” Abram L. Brummett, Tanner Hafen, and Mark C. Navin reject what they call the “referral asymmetry” in U.S. conscientious objection law in medicine, which recognizes rights of conscientiously objecting physicians to withhold referrals for medical interventions but does not (yet) recognize rights of physicians to make referr…
Reasons for meal termination, eating frequency, and typical meal context differ between persons with and without a spinal cord injury
Overeating associated with neurogenic obesity after spinal cord injury (SCI) may be related to how persons with SCI experience satiation (processes leading to meal termination), their eating frequency, and the context in which they eat their meals. In an online, cross-sectional study, adults with (n = 688) and without (Controls; n = 420) SCI completed the Reasons Individuals Stop Eating Questionnaire-15 (RISE-Q-15), which measures individual diff…
U.S. Lawsuit Claims Federal Law Can Require Emergency Abortions
In the wake of the U.S. Supreme Court's overruling of Roe vs. Wade, states are passing very strict antiabortion laws that the Biden administration is arguing violate the federal Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) because those state laws do not permit emergency life‐saving abortions that federal law says must be available to patients. The Biden administration has filed suit against Idaho to have portions of its state law in…
The United Kingdom Revisits Its Surrogacy Law
The United Kingdom is partway through a multiyear process of revising its law on surrogacy, both traditional and gestational. In October of 2019, the Law Commission of England and Wales and the Scottish Law Commission—statutorily created independent bodies charged with keeping the law under review and recommending reforms whenever necessary—completed a public consultation on surrogacy. In June, the commissions published an extensive consultation …
Avoiding Ineffective End‐of‐Life Care
Ethicists and physicians all over the world have been working on triage protocols to plan for the possibility that the Covid‐19 pandemic will result in shortages of intensive care unit beds, ventilators, blood products, or medications. In reflecting on those protocols, many health care workers have noticed that, outside the pandemic shortage situation, we routinely supply patients in the ICU with invasive and painful care that will not help the p…
A note—and a call—from the weeds
For the past few years I've had the distinct privilege to edit the Hastings Center Report' s Policy & Politics column. The column—as indicated by a little block of text at its end—was originally conceived as, and remains, a joint production of HCR and the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities. For me, as column editor, this means that I can accept contributions only from ASBH members. Luckily this presents me with an extremely large pool …
Work Requirements That Don't Work
Early in 2018, the Trump administration's Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services issued a guidance letter outlining a new and controversial kind of Medicaid waiver proposal. The administration invited states to propose waivers that would impose work (or other “community engagement”) requirements as a condition of eligibility for Medicaid. The Trump administration and state proponents of work requirements want to force able‐bodied Medicaid ben…
Trump's Abortion‐Promoting Aid Policy
On the fourth day of his presidency, Donald Trump reinstated and greatly expanded the “Mexico City policy,” which imposes antiabortion restrictions on U.S. foreign health aid. In general, the policy has prohibited U.S. funding of any family‐planning groups that use even non‐U.S. funds to perform abortions; prohibited aid recipients from lobbying (again, even with non‐U.S. money) for liberalization of abortion laws; prohibited nongovernment organi…
Lawrence Gostin's Enthusiastic Globalism
These are hard days for globalism. A major candidate for the United States presidency ran on an anti‐immigration, anti‐free‐trade platform and denounced such venerable international institutions as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (“obsolete”) and the United Nations (“a political game”). The European Union is under threat after the vote for Brexit; the Euro is under strain. China is denouncing and ignoring the result of an international arb…
The Author Replies
A response to “Normalizing Aid‐in‐Dying within the Practice of Medicine,” by Kathryn L. Tucker
“Aid in Dying” in the Courts
Three states—Oregon, Washington, and Vermont—have used straightforwardly democratic means to legalize the practice formerly known as “physician‐assisted suicide” but now termed “aid‐in‐dying.” In two states—Montana and New Mexico—aid‐in‐dying has been declared legal neither by directly democratic action by citizens nor by representatively democratic action by the legislature but by court rulings in cases brought by aid‐in‐dying activists. The cou…
The Author Replies
Reply to a commentary by Timothy F. Murphy
Time to Decriminalize HIV Status
Thirty-two U.S. states and two territories have statutes that criminalize sexual and other conduct of persons who are HIV-positive. Many of these laws were passed in response to the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act of 1990, which required states to outlaw intentional transmission of HIV as a condition of federal funding, but almost all of them reach far beyond intentional infection and affect conduct that has not resulted in …
U.S. Law and Animal Experimentation
Every country's law permits medical experimentation on animals. While some countries protect particular kinds of animals from being subject to experimentation—notably great apes and endangered species—very few place concrete limitations on what researchers may cause animals to suffer, given sufficient scientific justification. What laws do, instead, is establish standards for the humane treatment and housing of animals in labs, and they encourage…
Whither the Affordable Care Act
The U.S. Supreme Court has likely already decided how much, if any, of President Obama's signature Affordable Care Act it is going to strike down as unconstitutional; its holding will be published this summer. No matter what the Court decides, though, it will send state and federal legislators scrambling—either to implement the law or to deal with the consequences of its alteration. There are various decisions the Court might make, but it is stil…
The “Real‐Life” Death Panel, Reformed
Speaking Off Label
National Values, Institutions and Health Policies
This contribution explores the relation between national values and national health policy. The article emphasizes the difficulty in describing "national values" in nations with heterogeneous populations. Values, we characterize as general, and as conflicting with one another. And the article briefly describes the factors besides ideas (including values) that shape national policy: interests and social institutions. The article demonstrates subst…
Law between the cultures
National Values, Institutions and Health Policies
This contribution explores the relation between national values and national health policy. The article emphasizes the difficulty in describing "national values" in nations with heterogeneous populations. Values, we characterize as general, and as conflicting with one another. And the article briefly describes the factors besides ideas (including values) that shape national policy: interests and social institutions. The article demonstrates subst…
Speaking Off Label
National Values, Institutions and Health Policies
This contribution explores the relation between national values and national health policy. The article emphasizes the difficulty in describing "national values" in nations with heterogeneous populations. Values, we characterize as general, and as conflicting with one another. And the article briefly describes the factors besides ideas (including values) that shape national policy: interests and social institutions. The article demonstrates subst…
Law between the cultures
The “Real‐Life” Death Panel, Reformed
U.S. Law and Animal Experimentation
Every country's law permits medical experimentation on animals. While some countries protect particular kinds of animals from being subject to experimentation—notably great apes and endangered species—very few place concrete limitations on what researchers may cause animals to suffer, given sufficient scientific justification. What laws do, instead, is establish standards for the humane treatment and housing of animals in labs, and they encourage…
Whither the Affordable Care Act
The U.S. Supreme Court has likely already decided how much, if any, of President Obama's signature Affordable Care Act it is going to strike down as unconstitutional; its holding will be published this summer. No matter what the Court decides, though, it will send state and federal legislators scrambling—either to implement the law or to deal with the consequences of its alteration. There are various decisions the Court might make, but it is stil…
Time to Decriminalize HIV Status
Thirty-two U.S. states and two territories have statutes that criminalize sexual and other conduct of persons who are HIV-positive. Many of these laws were passed in response to the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act of 1990, which required states to outlaw intentional transmission of HIV as a condition of federal funding, but almost all of them reach far beyond intentional infection and affect conduct that has not resulted in …
The Author Replies
Reply to a commentary by Timothy F. Murphy
The Author Replies
A response to “Normalizing Aid‐in‐Dying within the Practice of Medicine,” by Kathryn L. Tucker
“Aid in Dying” in the Courts
Three states—Oregon, Washington, and Vermont—have used straightforwardly democratic means to legalize the practice formerly known as “physician‐assisted suicide” but now termed “aid‐in‐dying.” In two states—Montana and New Mexico—aid‐in‐dying has been declared legal neither by directly democratic action by citizens nor by representatively democratic action by the legislature but by court rulings in cases brought by aid‐in‐dying activists. The cou…
Lawrence Gostin's Enthusiastic Globalism
These are hard days for globalism. A major candidate for the United States presidency ran on an anti‐immigration, anti‐free‐trade platform and denounced such venerable international institutions as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (“obsolete”) and the United Nations (“a political game”). The European Union is under threat after the vote for Brexit; the Euro is under strain. China is denouncing and ignoring the result of an international arb…
Trump's Abortion‐Promoting Aid Policy
On the fourth day of his presidency, Donald Trump reinstated and greatly expanded the “Mexico City policy,” which imposes antiabortion restrictions on U.S. foreign health aid. In general, the policy has prohibited U.S. funding of any family‐planning groups that use even non‐U.S. funds to perform abortions; prohibited aid recipients from lobbying (again, even with non‐U.S. money) for liberalization of abortion laws; prohibited nongovernment organi…
A note—and a call—from the weeds
For the past few years I've had the distinct privilege to edit the Hastings Center Report' s Policy & Politics column. The column—as indicated by a little block of text at its end—was originally conceived as, and remains, a joint production of HCR and the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities. For me, as column editor, this means that I can accept contributions only from ASBH members. Luckily this presents me with an extremely large pool …
Work Requirements That Don't Work
Early in 2018, the Trump administration's Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services issued a guidance letter outlining a new and controversial kind of Medicaid waiver proposal. The administration invited states to propose waivers that would impose work (or other “community engagement”) requirements as a condition of eligibility for Medicaid. The Trump administration and state proponents of work requirements want to force able‐bodied Medicaid ben…
The United Kingdom Revisits Its Surrogacy Law
The United Kingdom is partway through a multiyear process of revising its law on surrogacy, both traditional and gestational. In October of 2019, the Law Commission of England and Wales and the Scottish Law Commission—statutorily created independent bodies charged with keeping the law under review and recommending reforms whenever necessary—completed a public consultation on surrogacy. In June, the commissions published an extensive consultation …
Avoiding Ineffective End‐of‐Life Care
Ethicists and physicians all over the world have been working on triage protocols to plan for the possibility that the Covid‐19 pandemic will result in shortages of intensive care unit beds, ventilators, blood products, or medications. In reflecting on those protocols, many health care workers have noticed that, outside the pandemic shortage situation, we routinely supply patients in the ICU with invasive and painful care that will not help the p…
U.S. Lawsuit Claims Federal Law Can Require Emergency Abortions
In the wake of the U.S. Supreme Court's overruling of Roe vs. Wade, states are passing very strict antiabortion laws that the Biden administration is arguing violate the federal Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) because those state laws do not permit emergency life‐saving abortions that federal law says must be available to patients. The Biden administration has filed suit against Idaho to have portions of its state law in…
Research involving the recently deceased
Research involving recently deceased humans that are physiologically maintained following declaration of death by neurologic criteria—or ‘research involving the recently deceased’—can fill a translational research gap while reducing harm to animals and living human subjects. It also creates new challenges for honouring the donor’s legacy, respecting the rights of donor loved ones, resource allocation and public health. As this research model gain…
Conscience, Disobedience, and Standard of Care
In the article “Principled Conscientious Provision: Referral Symmetry and Its Implications for Protecting Secular Conscience,” Abram L. Brummett, Tanner Hafen, and Mark C. Navin reject what they call the “referral asymmetry” in U.S. conscientious objection law in medicine, which recognizes rights of conscientiously objecting physicians to withhold referrals for medical interventions but does not (yet) recognize rights of physicians to make referr…
Reasons for meal termination, eating frequency, and typical meal context differ between persons with and without a spinal cord injury
Overeating associated with neurogenic obesity after spinal cord injury (SCI) may be related to how persons with SCI experience satiation (processes leading to meal termination), their eating frequency, and the context in which they eat their meals. In an online, cross-sectional study, adults with (n = 688) and without (Controls; n = 420) SCI completed the Reasons Individuals Stop Eating Questionnaire-15 (RISE-Q-15), which measures individual diff…
Chat-IRB? How application-specific language models can enhance research ethics review
Institutional review boards (IRBs) play a crucial role in ensuring the ethical conduct of human subjects research, but face challenges including inconsistency, delays, and inefficiencies. We propose the development and implementation of application-specific large language models (LLMs) to facilitate IRB review processes. These IRB-specific LLMs would be fine-tuned on IRB-specific literature and institutional datasets, and equipped with retrieval …
Political science (16 obras) · Law (15 obras) · Sociology (8 obras) · Computer Science (7 obras) · Politics (7 obras) · Medicine (6 obras) · Health care (5 obras) · Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues (5 obras) · Psychology (5 obras) · Ethics in Clinical Research (4 obras)