Charles E Graham
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 4679529 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Charles E Graham |
| NOMBRES | Charles E |
| APELLIDO | Graham |
| FIRMA | GRAHAM C E |
| AFILIACIONES | New Mexico State University |
| ORCID | 0009-0001-9475-3243 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 12 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 19 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 12 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1973 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2013 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
The intersection of gender and ethnicity in HIV risk, interventions, and prevention
This article articulates a contextualized understanding of gender and ethnicity as interacting social determinants of HIV risk and acquisition, with special focus on African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos--2 ethnic groups currently at most risk for HIV/AIDS acquisition in the United States. First, sex and gender are defined. Second, a conceptual model of gender, ethnicity, and HIV risk and resilience is presented. Third, a historical backdrop of…
Postpartum infertility in common chimpanzees
The endocrine profile during normal postpartum amenorrhea in chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) closely resembles that of women, and its duration is similarly extended by nursing. However, when infant chimpanzees in our colony were removed at birth, excessively prolonged postpartum amenorrhea (7–26 months duration) occurred in 24% of cases. Our endocrine studies indicate that such prolonged postpartum amenorrhea (PPAm) is a pathological condition as…
National chimpanzee breeding program
The Primate Research Institute (PRI) dedicated a colony of 81 proven breeders (60 females, 21 males) to the National Chimpanzee Breeding and Research Program (NCBRP). When possible, infants were left with their mothers for a minimum of 18 months. Programs to define and reduce fetal wastage and neonatal mortality were implemented. Pregnancies were diagnosed both by RIA for serum chorionic gonadotropin and by ultrasound prior to day 30 of pregnancy…
Serum levels of gonadotropins and gonadal steroids, including testosterone, during the menstrual cycle of the chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes )
The objective of this study was to expand the data on menstrual cycle serum hormone patterns in female common chimpanzees, both in terms of the number of cycles analyzed and by the addition of data on testosterone levels. Samples were obtained from 11 unanesthetized animals trained for conscious blood withdrawal. LH, FSH, 17β‐estradiol (E 2 ), progesterone (P), and testosterone (T) were measured by radioimmunoassay, genital swelling was recorded,…
Peer separation in infant chimpanzees, a pilot study
The Reproductive Role of the Human Breast [and Comments and Reply]
Like that of many other mammals, our rate of reproduction is related to the carrying capacity of our habitat, and throughout our history low lifetime fertility has been advantageous. The most important determinant of lifetime fertility is the interbirth interval, and the major variable in this interval is the duration of postpartum anovulation due to breast-feeding. The need for a long birth interval is accentuated by our immaturity at birth and …
Postovulatory predecidual development in the baboon, chimpanzee, and human
The development of predecidual tissue during the late postovulatory phase was evaluated by light microscopic study in the baboon, chimpanzee, and human being. While the predecidual cells of these species appeared to be similar morphologically, the degree of predecidual differentiation was greater in humans and chimpanzees than in baboons. The evidence indicated that the presence of a blastocyst was not required for decidualization to occur in the…
Ovulation time
In chimpanzees, ovulation time can be estimated in relation to the time of sexual swelling regression, itself a periovulatory parameter. Correlations of steroid hormone and gonadotropin levels, endometrial morphology, basal temperature, and ovarian morphology consistently suggest a close temporal correlation between ovulation and the last days of maximal sexual swelling. In the gorilla, LH elevations occur during the one to four days of labial sw…
The interrelationship between sex skin swelling and the urinary excretion of LH, estrone, and pregnanediol by the cycling female chimpanzee
The interrelationship between sex skin swelling and the urinary excretion of luteinizing hormone and sex steroids was investigated during ovulatory menstrual cycles in adult female chimpanzees. Estrone was excreted in two peaks, one during the preovulatory and the other during the midluteal phase. Maximum swelling of the sex skin was attained several days before the preovulatory estrone peak. The LH surge preceded or accompanied beginning detumes…
Endocrine control of spermatogenesis in primates
Control of primate spermatogenesis is reviewed in terms of endogenous regulatory mechanisms and endocrine approaches to contraception and treatment of infertility. The role of gonadotropins and steroid hormones in maintaining spermatogenesis in primates is incompletely understood because A) hormonal interactions are complex, and B) most studies have used rodents rather than primates. Feedback control, interaction of LH and testosterone, the role …
Reproductive function in aged female chimpanzees
Reproductive function was evaluated in ten female chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) aged 35–48 years. Forty‐eight years is the longevity record for the chimpanzee. Data on cycle frequency and duration was available for seven animals. Most were cycling regularly until death, and all had experienced at least one menstrual cycle within one year of death. After exclusion of periods when the animals were pregnant or in postpartum amenorrhea, the mean cy…
Method of endoscopy in the chimpanzee
Endoscopy was performed on adult female chimpanzees at various intervals before and after detumescence of the sexual swelling. The method required inhalation anesthesia, Trendelenberg positioning, abdominal insufflation with CO 2 and a 10 mm photo‐endoscope inserted infra‐umbilically. Accessory instruments were introduced into each of the lower quadrants. Mechanical ventilation and careful physiologic monitoring were necessary to control cardiac …
Reproductive function in aged female chimpanzees
Reproductive function was evaluated in ten female chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) aged 35–48 years. Forty‐eight years is the longevity record for the chimpanzee. Data on cycle frequency and duration was available for seven animals. Most were cycling regularly until death, and all had experienced at least one menstrual cycle within one year of death. After exclusion of periods when the animals were pregnant or in postpartum amenorrhea, the mean cy…
The Reproductive Role of the Human Breast [and Comments and Reply]
Like that of many other mammals, our rate of reproduction is related to the carrying capacity of our habitat, and throughout our history low lifetime fertility has been advantageous. The most important determinant of lifetime fertility is the interbirth interval, and the major variable in this interval is the duration of postpartum anovulation due to breast-feeding. The need for a long birth interval is accentuated by our immaturity at birth and …
Method of endoscopy in the chimpanzee
Endoscopy was performed on adult female chimpanzees at various intervals before and after detumescence of the sexual swelling. The method required inhalation anesthesia, Trendelenberg positioning, abdominal insufflation with CO 2 and a 10 mm photo‐endoscope inserted infra‐umbilically. Accessory instruments were introduced into each of the lower quadrants. Mechanical ventilation and careful physiologic monitoring were necessary to control cardiac …
Method of endoscopy in the chimpanzee
Endoscopy was performed on adult female chimpanzees at various intervals before and after detumescence of the sexual swelling. The method required inhalation anesthesia, Trendelenberg positioning, abdominal insufflation with CO 2 and a 10 mm photo‐endoscope inserted infra‐umbilically. Accessory instruments were introduced into each of the lower quadrants. Mechanical ventilation and careful physiologic monitoring were necessary to control cardiac …
Reproductive function in aged female chimpanzees
Reproductive function was evaluated in ten female chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) aged 35–48 years. Forty‐eight years is the longevity record for the chimpanzee. Data on cycle frequency and duration was available for seven animals. Most were cycling regularly until death, and all had experienced at least one menstrual cycle within one year of death. After exclusion of periods when the animals were pregnant or in postpartum amenorrhea, the mean cy…
The interrelationship between sex skin swelling and the urinary excretion of LH, estrone, and pregnanediol by the cycling female chimpanzee
The interrelationship between sex skin swelling and the urinary excretion of luteinizing hormone and sex steroids was investigated during ovulatory menstrual cycles in adult female chimpanzees. Estrone was excreted in two peaks, one during the preovulatory and the other during the midluteal phase. Maximum swelling of the sex skin was attained several days before the preovulatory estrone peak. The LH surge preceded or accompanied beginning detumes…
Endocrine control of spermatogenesis in primates
Control of primate spermatogenesis is reviewed in terms of endogenous regulatory mechanisms and endocrine approaches to contraception and treatment of infertility. The role of gonadotropins and steroid hormones in maintaining spermatogenesis in primates is incompletely understood because A) hormonal interactions are complex, and B) most studies have used rodents rather than primates. Feedback control, interaction of LH and testosterone, the role …
Postovulatory predecidual development in the baboon, chimpanzee, and human
The development of predecidual tissue during the late postovulatory phase was evaluated by light microscopic study in the baboon, chimpanzee, and human being. While the predecidual cells of these species appeared to be similar morphologically, the degree of predecidual differentiation was greater in humans and chimpanzees than in baboons. The evidence indicated that the presence of a blastocyst was not required for decidualization to occur in the…
Ovulation time
In chimpanzees, ovulation time can be estimated in relation to the time of sexual swelling regression, itself a periovulatory parameter. Correlations of steroid hormone and gonadotropin levels, endometrial morphology, basal temperature, and ovarian morphology consistently suggest a close temporal correlation between ovulation and the last days of maximal sexual swelling. In the gorilla, LH elevations occur during the one to four days of labial sw…
The Reproductive Role of the Human Breast [and Comments and Reply]
Like that of many other mammals, our rate of reproduction is related to the carrying capacity of our habitat, and throughout our history low lifetime fertility has been advantageous. The most important determinant of lifetime fertility is the interbirth interval, and the major variable in this interval is the duration of postpartum anovulation due to breast-feeding. The need for a long birth interval is accentuated by our immaturity at birth and …
Peer separation in infant chimpanzees, a pilot study
Serum levels of gonadotropins and gonadal steroids, including testosterone, during the menstrual cycle of the chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes )
The objective of this study was to expand the data on menstrual cycle serum hormone patterns in female common chimpanzees, both in terms of the number of cycles analyzed and by the addition of data on testosterone levels. Samples were obtained from 11 unanesthetized animals trained for conscious blood withdrawal. LH, FSH, 17β‐estradiol (E 2 ), progesterone (P), and testosterone (T) were measured by radioimmunoassay, genital swelling was recorded,…
Postpartum infertility in common chimpanzees
The endocrine profile during normal postpartum amenorrhea in chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) closely resembles that of women, and its duration is similarly extended by nursing. However, when infant chimpanzees in our colony were removed at birth, excessively prolonged postpartum amenorrhea (7–26 months duration) occurred in 24% of cases. Our endocrine studies indicate that such prolonged postpartum amenorrhea (PPAm) is a pathological condition as…
National chimpanzee breeding program
The Primate Research Institute (PRI) dedicated a colony of 81 proven breeders (60 females, 21 males) to the National Chimpanzee Breeding and Research Program (NCBRP). When possible, infants were left with their mothers for a minimum of 18 months. Programs to define and reduce fetal wastage and neonatal mortality were implemented. Pregnancies were diagnosed both by RIA for serum chorionic gonadotropin and by ultrasound prior to day 30 of pregnancy…
The intersection of gender and ethnicity in HIV risk, interventions, and prevention
This article articulates a contextualized understanding of gender and ethnicity as interacting social determinants of HIV risk and acquisition, with special focus on African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos--2 ethnic groups currently at most risk for HIV/AIDS acquisition in the United States. First, sex and gender are defined. Second, a conceptual model of gender, ethnicity, and HIV risk and resilience is presented. Third, a historical backdrop of…
Medicine (10 obras) · Biology (9 obras) · Endocrinology (7 obras) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (7 obras) · Hormone (6 obras) · Internal Medicine (6 obras) · Physiology (6 obras) · Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior (5 obras) · Pregnancy (5 obras) · Population (4 obras)