C Krafft
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 47154 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | C Krafft |
| NOMBRES | C |
| APELLIDO | Krafft |
| FIRMA | KRAFFT C |
| AFILIACIONES | St. Catherine University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6906-9418 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 41 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 147 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 40 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2015 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Community-engaged “Data Fest” events
The research in this article examines a “Data Fest” approach that combines big data and social issues with a collaborative and community-engaged event. The authors describe Data Fest and present quantitative and qualitative analyses from three years of pre- and post-survey data collected at Data Fest events. Changes from pre- to post-surveys suggest Data Fest was associated with increased economic analysis skills, an increased sense that economet…
Do employers discriminate against married women? Evidence from a field experiment in Egypt
Les entreprises familiales en Égypte
Malgré l'importance des entreprises familiales pour l'emploi dans les économies en développement, on sait peu de choses sur leur création, leur survie et leur croissance. L'autrice examine ces dynamiques à partir de données de panel égyptiennes relatives à la période 1998–2018 et cherche à les expliquer en étudiant les caractéristiques des individus, des ménages et des entreprises. Elle constate que les taux élevés de création et de disparition d…
Minimum and Living Wages in Jordan and Tunisia
Countries around the world are working to develop social protection floors to help reduce poverty. Ensuring workers can earn adequate wages is an important component of social protection floors. In this paper, we explore who receives minimum, poverty, median, and living wages in Jordan, comparing 2010 and 2016, and in Tunisia in 2014. We demonstrate that while the majority of workers do earn at least minimum and poverty wages, only a minority of …
How Do Gender Norms Shape Education and Domestic Work Outcomes? The Case of Syrian Refugee Adolescents in Jordan
Forced displacement has disrupted Syrian refugees' lives and exposed them to new communities and norms. This paper assesses how gender norms shape the lives of Syrian refugee adolescent girls in Jordan, using nationally representative data. We use factor analysis to summarise a variety of beliefs and behavioural aspects of norms: gender role attitudes, justification of domestic violence, decision-making, and mobility. We compare these outcomes by…
Quality and inequality in pre-primary and home environment inputs to early childhood development in Egypt
Conflict and Girl Child Marriage
Child marriage has lasting negative health, human capital, and welfare consequences. Conflict settings are characterized by a number of complex changes that can potentially increase the risk of child marriage, but there has been limited population-based research directly estimating the relationship between conflict and child marriage. Using data from 19 conflict-affected countries, this paper estimates the relationship between conflict and child …
Introducing the Sudan Labor Market Panel Survey 2022
OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the new Sudan Labor Market Panel Survey (SLMPS) 2022, the first nationally representative survey in Sudan in almost a decade. METHODS: The paper details the design of the survey, including the topics covered by this multipurpose household survey and the complexities of the sampling strategy, which over-sampled refugees and the internally displaced. The training, fieldwork, resulting sample, and weights are describe…
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on women's care work and employment in the Middle East and North Africa
The COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by widespread childcare and school closures.Emerging evidence -primarily from high-income countries -suggests that these changes increased women's time in unpaid care, which may be a particular challenge for women with paid employment
Are labor markets in the Middle East and North Africa recovering from the Covid-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has not only led to a health crisis, but also to economic and labor market crises. In an effort to avert the public health threat, countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) initially put in place some of the world's most stringent government responses. This paper explores how labor market outcomes for MENA workers have evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper uses the Economic Research Forum (ERF) COVID-19 …
Socioeconomic Status and the Changing Nature of School-to-Work Transitions in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia
The Middle East and North Africa region struggled to meet the employment aspirations of its increasingly educated youth in the aftermath of structural reforms. This article examines the evolution of initial labor market outcomes across pre- and post-reform cohorts of school leavers by education and socioeconomic status (SES) in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia. Results show that formal jobs for educated new entrants are increasingly allocated according…
The Egyptian Labor Market
This book updates our understanding of how the Egyptian labor market, economy, and society have evolved in the aftermath of the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings, the subsequent political upheaval and substantial economic challenges that followed, and the economic reforms introduced in late 2016. Not only was job creation anemic over the period from 2012 to 2018, but new jobs were also of low-quality, characterized by informality and vulnerability to ec…
Education Interrupted
The children affected by the Syrian conflict, including the large population of Syrian refugee children hosted in neighboring countries, are at risk of becoming a ‘lost generation’ due to interruptions in their schooling. This paper examines how educational outcomes of Syrian refugees in Jordan have evolved from pre-conflict to during conflict and displacement. We rely on nationally representative survey data from Jordan in 2016 and in-depth inte…
The Impact of Marriage on Women's Employment in the Middle East and North Africa
Marriage is a central stage in the transition to adulthood in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This article investigates the effect of marriage on women's employment in MENA, examining how different types of work are affected by relatively early marriage, defined as marriage by the median age of marriage. An important contribution of this study is to examine the two main mechanisms by which marriage can affect work: (1) its effect on ever…
Grievances or skills? The effect of education on youth political participation in Egypt and Tunisia
The educated have figured prominently in protests and elections in several Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. The dominant explanation for this pattern centers on grievances and unfulfilled aspirations due to low education returns in the MENA. However, the pattern may simply reflect the unequal participation observed in many democracies where education provides skills and resources that facilitate political participation. This article…
The Arab inequality puzzle
Egypt and Tunisia are perceived to have high levels of inequality, yet based on standard measures, inequality in these two countries is not unusually high. In this study we explore a different dimension of inequality in Egypt and Tunisia by using a more complete measure of income and decomposing inequality by income sources (factor components). We find that higher-income households have more income sources than lower-income ones. Informal wage wo…
Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016
This paper introduces the 2016 wave of the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey (JLMPS). It is an essential reference for users of this innovative and valuable dataset, which adds to the growing series of labor market panel surveys (LMPSs) produced by the Economic Research Forum (ERF). The 2016 wave is a follow-up on the initial 2010 wave. There has been substantial turmoil in the region since 2010, including the onset of the Syrian conflict and the …
Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018
This paper introduces the 2018 wave of the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS), previously fielded in 1998, 2006, and 2012. The ELMPS has already become the primary source of data for a large number of scholarly and policy studies on the labor market and human development issues in Egypt, and this new wave will further enhance its value as a critical data public good. This longitudinal survey is nationally representative, tracking both househ…
The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work
Evaluating the impact of housing market liberalization on the timing of marriage
The transition to adulthood around the world is increasingly characterized by young people's desire to form independent households. Forming such households in Egypt requires buying or building a dwelling or obtaining a rental unit. Policies governing housing markets, such as rent control, and limited financing options have historically made access to housing for young couples challenging. In this paper, we use a difference-in-difference approach …
An investigation of Jordan's fertility stall and resumed decline
Fertility stalls have been observed in numerous African and Middle Eastern countries. From the late 1990s until 2011 the fertility transition in Jordan was stalled, with the total fertility rate (TFR) well above replacement level
Job creation or labor absorption? An analysis of private sector job growth in Egypt
Creating jobs, especially good jobs, is one of the greatest challenges facing Egypt. This paper investigates the nature of job growth in Egypt, including the firm, industry, and worker characteristics that are related to job growth. Using data from Egypt’s establishment censuses linked to various firm and labor surveys, we examine job growth in private sector establishments over 1996–2017. We find that job growth has primarily followed a labor ab…
Excluded generation
Youth in Egypt hold rising aspirations for their adult lives, yet face an increasingly uncertain and protracted transition from school to work and thus into adulthood. This paper investigates how labor market insertion has been evolving over time in Egypt and how the nature of youth transitions relates to gender and social class. The study examines 19,925 respondents from the 2012 wave of the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey. We demonstrate that r…
Why is fertility on the rise in Egypt? The role of women’s employment opportunities
Employment’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa
We investigate the role of employment in enabling and constraining marriage for young men and women in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia. Survival analysis methods for age at marriage are applied to comparable labor market panel surveys from Egypt (2012), Jordan (2010), and Tunisia (2014), which include detailed labor market histories. For men, employment and especially high-quality employment are associated with more rapid transitions to marriage. For …
The impact of refugees on employment and wages in Jordan
The Role of Policy and Practice in Short Spells of Child Care Subsidy Participation
A major change in US child care subsidy policy in 2014 established a 12-month eligibility period for families participating in the child care subsidy program. The primary policy objective of lengthening eligibility periods was to increase the stability of child care. Previous research in a small number of states has shown that families are more likely to leave the subsidy program at the time of eligibility recertification even though they may rem…
Comparing retrospective and panel data collection methods to assess labor market dynamics
There is potential for measurement problems in both retrospective and panel microdata. In this paper, we compare results on basic indicators related to labor markets and their dynamics from retrospective and panel survey data in Egypt, in order to determine the conditions under which results are similar or different. Specifically, we (1) assess the consistency of reporting of time-invariant characteristics in different waves of the panel, (2) com…
Child care subsidies and the stability and quality of child care arrangements
Is free basic education in Egypt a reality or a myth
Persistence and Change in Marriage Practices among Syrian Refugees in Jordan
Early marriage, which is associated with a wide range of negative health and socioeconomic outcomes, may be a response to conflict and displacement. Since the onset of the Syrian conflict in 2011, there has been considerable attention to reports of high and potentially increasing rates of early marriage among Syrian refugee women. Using nationally representative survey data from Jordan in 2016 and Syria in 2009, as well as qualitative interviews …
Parental preferences and patterns of child care use among low-income families
The Problem of Measurement Error in Self-Reported Receipt of Child-Care Subsidies
Researchers frequently rely on survey responses to determine whether families receive government assistance and to study the effects of government programs, but these responses are often inaccurate. This study investigates misreporting in the child-care subsidy program by comparing survey responses on child-care subsidy receipt with program administrative data in two states. While we find a lower rate of misreporting than is typical for other gov…
Inequality of opportunity in higher education in the Middle East and North Africa
Why is fertility on the rise in Egypt? The role of women’s employment opportunities
Employment’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa
We investigate the role of employment in enabling and constraining marriage for young men and women in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia. Survival analysis methods for age at marriage are applied to comparable labor market panel surveys from Egypt (2012), Jordan (2010), and Tunisia (2014), which include detailed labor market histories. For men, employment and especially high-quality employment are associated with more rapid transitions to marriage. For …
The Impact of Marriage on Women's Employment in the Middle East and North Africa
Marriage is a central stage in the transition to adulthood in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This article investigates the effect of marriage on women's employment in MENA, examining how different types of work are affected by relatively early marriage, defined as marriage by the median age of marriage. An important contribution of this study is to examine the two main mechanisms by which marriage can affect work: (1) its effect on ever…
Excluded generation
Youth in Egypt hold rising aspirations for their adult lives, yet face an increasingly uncertain and protracted transition from school to work and thus into adulthood. This paper investigates how labor market insertion has been evolving over time in Egypt and how the nature of youth transitions relates to gender and social class. The study examines 19,925 respondents from the 2012 wave of the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey. We demonstrate that r…
Socioeconomic Status and the Changing Nature of School-to-Work Transitions in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia
The Middle East and North Africa region struggled to meet the employment aspirations of its increasingly educated youth in the aftermath of structural reforms. This article examines the evolution of initial labor market outcomes across pre- and post-reform cohorts of school leavers by education and socioeconomic status (SES) in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia. Results show that formal jobs for educated new entrants are increasingly allocated according…
The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work
An investigation of Jordan's fertility stall and resumed decline
Fertility stalls have been observed in numerous African and Middle Eastern countries. From the late 1990s until 2011 the fertility transition in Jordan was stalled, with the total fertility rate (TFR) well above replacement level
What’s the value of a degree? Evidence from Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia
The Middle East and North Africa region has the world’s lowest returns to education. This paper examines what the value of a degree is using nationally representative labour market surveys from Egypt (2012), Jordan (2010) and Tunisia (2014). Specifically, the authors estimate Mincer models for levels and years of schooling. They find that returns are highest in Tunisia and lowest in Egypt, although all three countries fall short of the global ave…
Do employers discriminate against married women? Evidence from a field experiment in Egypt
Conflict and Girl Child Marriage
Child marriage has lasting negative health, human capital, and welfare consequences. Conflict settings are characterized by a number of complex changes that can potentially increase the risk of child marriage, but there has been limited population-based research directly estimating the relationship between conflict and child marriage. Using data from 19 conflict-affected countries, this paper estimates the relationship between conflict and child …
Evaluating the impact of housing market liberalization on the timing of marriage
The transition to adulthood around the world is increasingly characterized by young people's desire to form independent households. Forming such households in Egypt requires buying or building a dwelling or obtaining a rental unit. Policies governing housing markets, such as rent control, and limited financing options have historically made access to housing for young couples challenging. In this paper, we use a difference-in-difference approach …
Understanding churn
Is free basic education in Egypt a reality or a myth
The Problem of Measurement Error in Self-Reported Receipt of Child-Care Subsidies
Researchers frequently rely on survey responses to determine whether families receive government assistance and to study the effects of government programs, but these responses are often inaccurate. This study investigates misreporting in the child-care subsidy program by comparing survey responses on child-care subsidy receipt with program administrative data in two states. While we find a lower rate of misreporting than is typical for other gov…
Inequality of Opportunity in Human Development
A strong concern with social justice has permeated the politics of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in recent years and has undoubtedly served as a strong impetus for the tumultuous events that have come to be broadly known as “the Arab Spring” (Diwan, 2013; Richards et al., 2014; Verme et al., 2014). Yet by conventional measures of inequality, such as the Gini indices for household consumption, the MENA region does not stand out as…
Inequality of Opportunity in the Labor Market for Higher Education Graduates in Egypt and Jordan
In a well-functioning labor market, outcomes differ across individuals because of the quality of their human capital and level of skill, as well as the work effort they expend. Likewise, when the education system is functioning well, the human capital and skills individuals accumulate should reflect differences in their effort in school. Therefore, in a country with both a well-functioning education system and a well-functioning labor market, lab…
Child care subsidies and the stability and quality of child care arrangements
Understanding churn
The Role of Policy and Practice in Short Spells of Child Care Subsidy Participation
A major change in US child care subsidy policy in 2014 established a 12-month eligibility period for families participating in the child care subsidy program. The primary policy objective of lengthening eligibility periods was to increase the stability of child care. Previous research in a small number of states has shown that families are more likely to leave the subsidy program at the time of eligibility recertification even though they may rem…
The Composition of Labor Supply and Unemployment in Tunisia
This chapter examines labor supply in Tunisia in relation to key demographic characteristics such as age, sex, educational attainment, and residence. It also reviews unemployment in Tunisia over time and examines its demographic and educational patterns. The analysis is primarily based on data from the first wave of the Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey carried out in 2014 (TLMPS 2014), but also uses data from the Tunisian National Survey of Popu…
Is School the Best Route to Skills? Returns to Vocational School and Vocational Skills in Egypt
This paper tests the assumption that formal education is the best route to job skills. The returns to formal vocational secondary schooling are compared to the returns to acquiring skills outside the education system, such as undertaking an apprenticeship, for male wage workers in Egypt. A unique longitudinal dataset with information on schooling and skills allows for causal inference about returns by comparing siblings. For recent cohorts, the e…
Inequality of opportunity in higher education in the Middle East and North Africa
Comparing retrospective and panel data collection methods to assess labor market dynamics
There is potential for measurement problems in both retrospective and panel microdata. In this paper, we compare results on basic indicators related to labor markets and their dynamics from retrospective and panel survey data in Egypt, in order to determine the conditions under which results are similar or different. Specifically, we (1) assess the consistency of reporting of time-invariant characteristics in different waves of the panel, (2) com…
Constrained school choice in Egypt
What’s the value of a degree? Evidence from Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia
The Middle East and North Africa region has the world’s lowest returns to education. This paper examines what the value of a degree is using nationally representative labour market surveys from Egypt (2012), Jordan (2010) and Tunisia (2014). Specifically, the authors estimate Mincer models for levels and years of schooling. They find that returns are highest in Tunisia and lowest in Egypt, although all three countries fall short of the global ave…
The impact of refugees on employment and wages in Jordan
Parental preferences and patterns of child care use among low-income families
Job creation or labor absorption? An analysis of private sector job growth in Egypt
Creating jobs, especially good jobs, is one of the greatest challenges facing Egypt. This paper investigates the nature of job growth in Egypt, including the firm, industry, and worker characteristics that are related to job growth. Using data from Egypt’s establishment censuses linked to various firm and labor surveys, we examine job growth in private sector establishments over 1996–2017. We find that job growth has primarily followed a labor ab…
Excluded generation
Youth in Egypt hold rising aspirations for their adult lives, yet face an increasingly uncertain and protracted transition from school to work and thus into adulthood. This paper investigates how labor market insertion has been evolving over time in Egypt and how the nature of youth transitions relates to gender and social class. The study examines 19,925 respondents from the 2012 wave of the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey. We demonstrate that r…
Why is fertility on the rise in Egypt? The role of women’s employment opportunities
Employment’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa
We investigate the role of employment in enabling and constraining marriage for young men and women in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia. Survival analysis methods for age at marriage are applied to comparable labor market panel surveys from Egypt (2012), Jordan (2010), and Tunisia (2014), which include detailed labor market histories. For men, employment and especially high-quality employment are associated with more rapid transitions to marriage. For …
Persistence and Change in Marriage Practices among Syrian Refugees in Jordan
Early marriage, which is associated with a wide range of negative health and socioeconomic outcomes, may be a response to conflict and displacement. Since the onset of the Syrian conflict in 2011, there has been considerable attention to reports of high and potentially increasing rates of early marriage among Syrian refugee women. Using nationally representative survey data from Jordan in 2016 and Syria in 2009, as well as qualitative interviews …
The Arab inequality puzzle
Egypt and Tunisia are perceived to have high levels of inequality, yet based on standard measures, inequality in these two countries is not unusually high. In this study we explore a different dimension of inequality in Egypt and Tunisia by using a more complete measure of income and decomposing inequality by income sources (factor components). We find that higher-income households have more income sources than lower-income ones. Informal wage wo…
Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016
This paper introduces the 2016 wave of the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey (JLMPS). It is an essential reference for users of this innovative and valuable dataset, which adds to the growing series of labor market panel surveys (LMPSs) produced by the Economic Research Forum (ERF). The 2016 wave is a follow-up on the initial 2010 wave. There has been substantial turmoil in the region since 2010, including the onset of the Syrian conflict and the …
Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018
This paper introduces the 2018 wave of the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS), previously fielded in 1998, 2006, and 2012. The ELMPS has already become the primary source of data for a large number of scholarly and policy studies on the labor market and human development issues in Egypt, and this new wave will further enhance its value as a critical data public good. This longitudinal survey is nationally representative, tracking both househ…
The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work
Evaluating the impact of housing market liberalization on the timing of marriage
The transition to adulthood around the world is increasingly characterized by young people's desire to form independent households. Forming such households in Egypt requires buying or building a dwelling or obtaining a rental unit. Policies governing housing markets, such as rent control, and limited financing options have historically made access to housing for young couples challenging. In this paper, we use a difference-in-difference approach …
Economics (35 obras) · Demographic economics (20 obras) · Economic growth (18 obras) · Political science (18 obras) · Sociology (18 obras) · Migration and Labor Dynamics (14 obras) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (12 obras) · Psychology (12 obras) · Demography (11 obras) · Development economics (11 obras)