D F Bryceson
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 51783 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | D F Bryceson |
| NOMBRES | D F |
| APELLIDO | Bryceson |
| FIRMA | BRYCESON D F |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Oxford |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2136-0078 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 90 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 937 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 89 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1980 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 16 |
Handbook of Transnational Families Around the World
This book presents thematic perspectives on transnational families, focusing on gender, global sociodemographic inequalities and power asymmetries
Wealth and poverty in mining Africa
This article interrogates place, process and people’s quest for enhanced welfare during the 2002–2012 global mineral price boom in northwest Tanzania. Mass in-migration of miners, traders and service providers generated diversified residential settlements. Processes of occupational change and urbanization, catalyzed by acquisition of employment, land, housing and other possessions at six contrasting mining locations were compared from a geo-socia…
Transnational Families and Neo-Liberal Globalisation
The concept of ‘transnational family’ coalesced in the context of neo-liberal globalisation during the late 1990s and 2000s. This article traces the social, economic and political forces that have influenced the spread of transnational families throughout the world during the 21st century. Meanwhile, the digital revolution in social media communication and cheapening international travel costs has facilitated transnational family members communic…
Mineralized Urbanization in Africa in the Twenty-First Century
This article focuses on the urbanizing impact of the post-millennial mineral boom at artisanal and small-scale (ASM) or large-scale (LSM) mining sites in three mineral-rich countries, involving gold in Ghana, diamonds in Angola, and both minerals in Tanzania. The focus is on comparing the agency of miners and other residents migrating to, settling in, and making the mining site habitable. Their mobility and settlement patterns reveal an urbanizat…
Mining in Africa after the supercycle
Mining in Africa is at a pivotal moment. For most of the period 2000 to 2012, the extractive industries were in a “supercycle” of sustained high commodity prices. Driven by resource‐intensive growth in emerging market economies, these high commodity prices were anticipated to continue for decades to come. However, this “supercycle” ended in 2012 and there followed a severe slump in mineral prices from 2014 onwards. On the one hand, a new era of c…
Mining habitat, house and home during an East African gold boom
This article interrogates migrants’ economic and emotionally entwined decision-making regarding migration and settlement in unfolding stages of a gold mining boom. Three Tanzanian gold mining settlements representing temporal, spatial and scalar differences along the gold mining trajectory are contrasted: an artisanal rush site, a mature artisanal mining settlement and Geita town, site of a large industrial gold mine. Our data derives from in-dep…
Mining mobility and settlement during an East African gold boom
In light of Shiller’s concept of ‘irrational exuberance’, we interrogate migrants’ optimistic material expectations at artisanal and industrial gold mining locations during a period of exceptional mobility spurred by the international gold boom of 2000–2013. Our household survey and interview findings reveal miners’ and residents’ mobility and settlement patterns in three Tanzanian gold mining settlements, representing different stages and forms …
TEN Domestic Work
Domestic Work
Domestic Work
Throughout African history, domestic labour time, directed at meeting the basic consumption needs of family members, has dwarfed any other labour time allocation. Yet it has received scant historical documentation because of its diffuse, home-based nature and the repetitive work of daily basic need provisioning – all readily observable in the here and now but defying analytical attention over time and space. Domestic labour, commonly termed ‘hous…
Getting grounded? Miners’ migration, housing and urban settlement in Tanzania, 1980–2012
A Century of Food Supply in Dar Es Salaam
Dar es Salaam, the 'harbour of peace', idyll in name nonetheless its establishment was a pragmatic venture intended to secure the Sultan's firmer influence over the mainland caravan trade. Islam and its attendant Arabisation had prevailed as a strong detribalising force on the coast since the ninth century, and the Germans did not discourage it. In contrast to the rapid population growth of the late nineteenth century, Dar es Salaam grew at only …
Gender and generational patterns of African deagrarianization
Precarity in Angolan diamond mining towns, 1920-2014
After nearly 30 years of civil war, Angola gained peace in 2002. The country's diamond and oil wealth affords the national government the means to pursue economic reconstruction and urban development. However, in the diamond-producing region of Lunda Sul, where intense fighting between MPLA and UNITA forces was waged, the legacy of war lingers on in the form of livelihood uncertainty and uneven access to the benefits of the state's urban developm…
Beyond the artisanal mining site
During the past 30 years, Tanzania has experienced successive precious mineral rushes led by artisanal miners. Their settlement, livelihood and housing strategies have evolved amidst high mobility in pursuit of mineral wealth. Cumulatively, the spatial movement of artisanal miners and an associated following of economically motivated migrant service providers have catalysed large-scale “direct urbanization” at artisanal mine sites-cum-small towns…
Artisanal frontier mining of gold in Africa
This article studies the transformative nature of ‘artisanal frontier mining’ in view of sub-Saharan Africa's mining history. Artisanal gold production has generated livelihood earnings for millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet we must go beyond a study of artisanal mining as an individual livelihood choice and consider the sector's internal dynamics. In this sense, the concept of ‘labour transformation’ is helpful. It refers to a process…
For Richer, for Poorer
Migrants to Tanzania's artisanal gold mining sites seek mineral wealth, which is accompanied by high risks of occupational hazards, economic failure, AIDS and social censure from their home communities. Male miners in these settlements compete to attract newly arrived young women who are perceived to be diverting male material support from older women and children's economic survival. This article explores the dynamics of monogamy, polygamy and p…
Prostitution or partnership? Wifestyles in Tanzanian artisanal gold-mining settlements
Tanzania, along with several other African countries, is experiencing a national mining boom, which has prompted hundreds of thousands of men and women to migrate to mineral-rich locations. At these sites, relationships between the sexes defy the sexual norms of the surrounding countryside to embrace new relational amalgams of polygamy, monogamy and promiscuity. This article challenges the assumption that female prostitution is widespread. Using …
Eureka and beyond
This collection brings separate literatures on mining and urbanisation together at a time when both artisanal and large-scale mining are expanding in many African economies. While much has been written about contestation over land and mineral rights, the impact of mining on settlement, notably its catalytic and fluctuating effects on migration and urban growth, has been largely ignored. African nation-states' urbanisation trends have shown consid…
Unearthing treasure and trouble
Despite an abundance of mineral wealth and an ancient history of gold trading, Tanzania is a relative latecomer to the experience of being a mineral-dominated national economy. Both the British colonial state and Nyerere's post-colonial state avoided encouraging, and only reluctantly provided support to, large- and small-scale mining. Farming constituted the livelihood for the vast majority of the population and peasant agricultural exports provi…
Discovery and denial
Journal Article Discovery and denial: Social science theory and interdisciplinarity in African Studies Get access Deborah Fahy Bryceson Deborah Fahy Bryceson * *Deborah Fahy Bryceson ([email protected]) is a Reader in Urban Studies in the Geographical and Earth Sciences School at the University of Glasgow. This article is based on a paper presented at a festschrift for Gavin Williams, Oxford University, 7 July 2010. I am grateful for the co…
Birth of a market town in Tanzania
Sub-Saharan Africa’s social science literature has primarily focused on phenomena within the rural village context. Urban analysis is currently gaining momentum with concentration on the continent’s capital cities, and in particular the mega cities of Lagos, Kinshasa and Johannesburg. Urban settlements of more modest size and political importance have received scant attention. This article explores the urban growth dynamics of Katoro, a rapidly e…
Dar es Salaam as a ‘Harbour of Peace’ in East Africa
Dar es Salaam is exceptional in East Africa for having a record of relatively little ethnic tension, and remaining tranquil and true to its name, the `harbour of peace ́. This paper explores the interface between ethnic and national identities in Tanzania
The Proletarianization of Women in Tanzania
Proletarianization of women in urban Tanzania is a relatively recent phenomenon. This chapter explores the implication for women, men, and the family unit. The first section reviews Marxist theory on modes of production and argues for the concept of modes of human reproduction, before turning to the Tanzanian case study.KeywordsHuman ReproductionWage LaborDomestic LaborWoman WorkerCapitalist RelationThese keywords were added by machine and not by…
Liberalizing Tanzania's Food Trade
Introduction - Post-Independence Egalitarian Goals & E conomic Crisis - Marketing Made Difficult: Food Supply Flu ctuations & Marketing Policy 1939-1973 - State Regulat ion of Staple Food Supply 1973-1988 - Traders' Journey fro m Black to Parallel to Open Markets - Traders & Urban Food Markets - Satisfying Urban Consumers - Trade-offs on Trade: Food Market Liberalization
The Scramble in Africa
Deagrarianization and rural employment in sub-Saharan Africa
Gold Digging Careers in Rural East Africa
African rural labour, income diversification & livelihood approaches
The implementation of SAP and economic liberalisation throughout sub‐Saharan Africa during the last fifteen years has coincided with the rapid expansion of rural income diversification. Many analysts see income diversification as a vital coping strategy for the rural poor, while recognising that its growing incidence amongst all sections of the African rural population can serve as a mechanism for increasing wealth differentiation. The current in…
Multiplex livelihoods in rural Africa
Citing recent case study evidence from various parts of Africa, this article argues that the income diversification efforts of most rural dwellers over the past decade have been directed at meeting daily needs amidst declining returns to commercial agriculture. Individuals and households have experimented with new forms of livelihood, expanding their non-agricultural income sources, while retaining their base in subsistence farming. Various livel…
The World Development Report 2009 ‘reshapes economic geography’
By and large, geographers have had little to say about the World Bank's annual flagship World Development Reports (WDRs). However, with the just published WDR 2009 (hereafter referred to as the Report), things might be different, for it claims to be concerned with nothing less than ‘reshaping economic geography’. In his foreword, the President of the World Bank, Robert Zoellick, writes that he expects ‘Reshaping Economic Geography will stimulate …
Food Insecurity and the Social Division of Labour in Tanzania, 1919-85
This thesis analyzes the socio-econoiic consequences of the Tanzania population's exposure to food insecurity between 1919 and 1985.The thesis covers: the incidence of food inadequacy in peasant households throughout the country; the impact of faiine relief measures of the colonial state and the Native Authorities'; the role of Asian traders; the development of an African Mage labour force and its food deiand; the probleas of supplying food to pl…
Risking death for survival
Gender and generational patterns of African deagrarianization
Rushing for Gold
African rural dwellers have faced depressed economic prospects for several decades. Now, in a number of mineral-rich countries, multiple discoveries of gold and precious stones have attracted large numbers of prospective small-scale miners. While their 'rush' to, and activities within, mining sites are increasingly being noted, there is little analysis of miners' mobility patterns and material outcomes. In this article, on the basis of a sample s…
Birth of a market town in Tanzania
Sub-Saharan Africa’s social science literature has primarily focused on phenomena within the rural village context. Urban analysis is currently gaining momentum with concentration on the continent’s capital cities, and in particular the mega cities of Lagos, Kinshasa and Johannesburg. Urban settlements of more modest size and political importance have received scant attention. This article explores the urban growth dynamics of Katoro, a rapidly e…
Miners' magic
A series of murders of albinos in Tanzania's north-west mining frontier has been shrouded in a discourse of primitivism by the international and national press, sidestepping the significance of the contextual circumstances of an artisanal mining boom firmly embedded in a global commodity chain and local profit maximisation. The murders are connected to gold and diamond miners' efforts to secure lucky charms for finding minerals and protection aga…
Beyond the artisanal mining site
During the past 30 years, Tanzania has experienced successive precious mineral rushes led by artisanal miners. Their settlement, livelihood and housing strategies have evolved amidst high mobility in pursuit of mineral wealth. Cumulatively, the spatial movement of artisanal miners and an associated following of economically motivated migrant service providers have catalysed large-scale “direct urbanization” at artisanal mine sites-cum-small towns…
Ganyu casual labour, famine and HIV/Aids in rural Malawi
Over the past ten years, Malawian peasant farming households have endured a number of material and life-threatening setbacks. The absence of subsidised fertiliser loans to farmers continues to trouble villagers a decade after their removal. Yields of both food and cash crops have been declining. Farming households' earnings from agricultural exports and remittances have decreased. The creeping and then intensified incidence of HIV/AIDS infection …
The proletarianization of women in Tanzania
Roughly 87% of all Tanzanian women live in the countryside. The bulk of Tanzania women's economic activity, therefore is related to peasant agricultural production and domestic rural household reproduction. Tanzanian women's position has not however, remained static over time. Peasant women have experienced and have themselves acted to effect profound changes in the nature of rural production and reproduction. One consequence of these changes has…
Agrarian Vista or Vortex
This article explores the concepts of livelihoods, sustainability and poverty alleviation with reference to recent rural economy survey findings in subSaharan Africa, policies in the international development policy arena during the last 20 years, and South Africa's rural history. It is argued that processes of deagrarianisation and depeasantisation have accelerated in association with the implementation of structural adjustment policies. Village…
Rural household transport in Africa
Artisanal frontier mining of gold in Africa
This article studies the transformative nature of ‘artisanal frontier mining’ in view of sub-Saharan Africa's mining history. Artisanal gold production has generated livelihood earnings for millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet we must go beyond a study of artisanal mining as an individual livelihood choice and consider the sector's internal dynamics. In this sense, the concept of ‘labour transformation’ is helpful. It refers to a process…
Eureka and beyond
This collection brings separate literatures on mining and urbanisation together at a time when both artisanal and large-scale mining are expanding in many African economies. While much has been written about contestation over land and mineral rights, the impact of mining on settlement, notably its catalytic and fluctuating effects on migration and urban growth, has been largely ignored. African nation-states' urbanisation trends have shown consid…
Liberalizing Tanzania's Food Trade
Changes in peasant food production and food supply in relation to the historical development of commodity production in pre-colonial and colonial Tanganyika∗
This paper explores the dynamic interaction between peasant food production and commodity production under conditions of the increasing penetration of capital and consequent erosion of pre-capitalist modes of production in pre-colonial and colonial Tanganyika (Tanzania). It is argued that while the law of value inherent in commodity production definitely served to effect more specialisation of labour in peasant production, nevertheless,it was bou…
Prostitution or partnership? Wifestyles in Tanzanian artisanal gold-mining settlements
Tanzania, along with several other African countries, is experiencing a national mining boom, which has prompted hundreds of thousands of men and women to migrate to mineral-rich locations. At these sites, relationships between the sexes defy the sexual norms of the surrounding countryside to embrace new relational amalgams of polygamy, monogamy and promiscuity. This article challenges the assumption that female prostitution is widespread. Using …
Alcohol in Africa
Critical Commentary. The World Development Report 2009
Over the last 25 years the World Bank has annually published reports on world economic development with wide-ranging themes.Two have showcased agriculture and rural development, but this is the first to place urban areas centre stage.Unlike the rural reports, which had copious references to concrete rural development problems and policies, this year's WDR is a celebration of the theoretical concept of agglomeration, and its influence in creating …
End of an Era
The proletarianization of women in Tanzania
Roughly 87% of all Tanzanian women live in the countryside. The bulk of Tanzania women's economic activity, therefore is related to peasant agricultural production and domestic rural household reproduction. Tanzanian women's position has not however, remained static over time. Peasant women have experienced and have themselves acted to effect profound changes in the nature of rural production and reproduction. One consequence of these changes has…
Changes in peasant food production and food supply in relation to the historical development of commodity production in pre-colonial and colonial Tanganyika∗
This paper explores the dynamic interaction between peasant food production and commodity production under conditions of the increasing penetration of capital and consequent erosion of pre-capitalist modes of production in pre-colonial and colonial Tanganyika (Tanzania). It is argued that while the law of value inherent in commodity production definitely served to effect more specialisation of labour in peasant production, nevertheless,it was bou…
Colonial famine responses
Tanzanian grain supply
Peasant Commodity Production in Post-Colonial Tanzania
Journal Article PEASANT COMMODITY PRODUCTION IN POST-COLONIAL TANZANIA Get access DEBORAH FAHY BRYCESON DEBORAH FAHY BRYCESON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 81, Issue 325, October 1982, Pages 547–567, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097455 Published: 01 October 1982
Use values, the law of value and the analysis of non-capitalist production
The law of value is the core of Marxist theory. When the fundamental basis of the law of value is conceived as a 'market-mediated labour' theory of value rather than a general labour theory of value subject to historical specification, a rigorous analysis of non-capitalist production is virtually precluded. This article relying on Marx's materialist method rather than his designation of the operation of the law of value solely to commodity produc…
Food and Urban Purchasing Power
Journal Article FOOD AND URBAN PURCHASING POWER: THE CASE OF DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA Get access DEBORAH FAHY BRYCESON DEBORAH FAHY BRYCESON The author, a graduate from the University of Dar es Salaam, is a doctoral student at St Antony's College, Oxford. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 84, Issue 337, October 1985, Pages 499–522, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097719 P…
Peasant Cash Cropping versus Self-suffciency in Tanzania
This article traces the upsurge and relative decline of Tanzanian peasant cash cropping between 1919 and 1987, contrasting it with the more stable pattern of peasant food production for household consumption needs. Peasant production is discussed in the context of Tanzanian state policies and international terms of trade. Resumé Production Paysanne de Produits Agricoles Destinés à l'Exportation versus Indépendance en Tanzanie: une Perspective His…
Mechanization and Maize
Characteristics of the Peasant Household Farming Unit
Before colonial rule was established in the 1890s, Tanzania was a collection of local tribal agrarian economies loosely bounded by long-distance trade in hunting and gathering products, notably ivory, salt and copal. The smallest unit of economic endeavour was not the household, but rather the lineage or, in the case of some tribes, the age-grade. After the establishment of colonial rule this gradually changed. Colonial economic policy aimed at a…
The Systematisation of Territorial Food Supply
State food marketing policy during the interwar period was noninterventionist. With the exception of rice which was an important export crop, marketing of foodstuffs was not subject to state controls. Sources of food supply for the wage-labour force, produce marketing arrangements and food distribution to workers were left to develop on an ad hoc basis. Patterns were identifiable as described in the preceding chapter; but there was great spatial …
Clientage and Crisis, 1979–85
Throughout the period under review, state and market activities, defined in a strict sense (Chapter 6), were disintegrating. Parastatal and government agents were increasingly involved in clientage practices. The state controlled market was progressively less able to service the population’s basic needs. As indices of real wages (see Table 12.3), real producer prices, and food and non-food costs of living (see Table 14.1) show, by the late 1970s …
Summary and Conclusions
Aspects and dimensions of food insecurity in Tanzania during the British colonial and post-colonial period under Nyerere’s leadership have been explored in the preceding chapters. In Part II, the physical causes of food insecurity were outlined. Tanzanian peasant producers have faced a highly vagarious physical environment and their household pattern of production has necessarily given primacy to food self-sufficiency. High fertility rates have l…
The Relationship Between Population, the Social Division of Labour and Food Supply
In the works of the four political economists reviewed in the preceding chapter, the balance between food production capability and population is formulated in various ways. Malthus sees ‘food production capability’ (fpc) as an independent variable with a fixed upper limit. This is because he equates fpc with land availability. Population is posited as the dependent variable. Ricardo, Preobrazhensky and Lewis offer different interpretations of fp…
Cooperatives and Neighbourhood Clientage Exchange
During the 1950s Native Authorities’ budgets expanded in line with the economic development of the territory as a whole. Native Authority clientage practices were reportedly flourishing. But amidst the boom, the colonial state was experimenting with various alternative forms of local government, based on the English model. This experimentation precipitated the Native Authorities’ decline, although at the time colonial officialdom denied that this…
The Incidence of Household Food Inadequacy
The occurrence of famines in Tanzania’s history should not be over-dramatised relative to the incidence of malnutrition and seasonal hunger. Nutritionists studying famine-affected populations in Tanzania have sometimes observed with surprise that the level of malnourishment of children in famine areas is not much lower than the countrywide average. 1 Far too little is known about the identification and measurement of stages of caloric stress, let…
Physical Determinants of Food Insecurity and Settlement
East Africa has been identified as an area of the world particularly prone to food shortfalls. 4 Tanzanian peasants have a profound appreciation of the ecological constraints. Their farming practices are highly risk-averse. Three main physical constraints hamper if not threaten agricultural output: erratic rainfall, pest attack and rapid depletion of soil fertility. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is expe…
Defining Extra-Household Social Institutions
In Chapter 4, the peasant household was examined in terms of its functions: production, human reproduction and consumption. Its consumption function is generally considered definitive, with household membership delimited on the basis of a shared cooking pot. As with all social categories, this standard definition of the household is an over-simplification of reality. It abstracts from the complexity of familial residential relations, giving prece…
Urban Growth and Food Adequacy
Between 1950 and 1973, urbanisation proceeded at the rate of 10.5 per cent per annum, raising the proportion of Tanzania mainland’s population living in settlements of over 20 000 people from 1.4 per cent to 7.0 per cent. As growth proceeded, urban areas displaced plantations as the main source of food demand in the economy.
The Population/Food Production Capability Balance at the Outset of Industrialisation
In comparing the writings of Malthus, Ricardo, Preobrazhensky and W.A. Lewis, the dynamic character of the population/food production capability balance over the last two centuries becomes evident. Malthus and Ricardo were early-nineteenth-century British political economists analysing the country that was the first to industrialise and that was favoured by a simultaneous evolution of agrarian and industrial productivity. Preobrazhensky, on the o…
The Asian Market
Some Asian families can date their ancestors’ arrival in Tanzania to the late eighteenth century, but it was not until the mid-nineteenth century that Asians began displacing Arabs as the principal merchants and financiers of the Zanzibari ivory caravan trade. In 1921, Indians numbered 9411.1 Thereafter, under British colonial administration, heavy immigration, combined with a natural growth rate estimated at between 2 and 3 per cent, brought the…
The Re-ordering of the State and the Market
The years between 1950 and 1973 saw an African challenge to the three-tier racial structure of the colonial society. European and Asian personnel were replaced by Africans in the state and the market and the nature of these institutions changed in the process. The stark racial division of labour gave way to more subtle African cleavages, those of region, town and country and muted economic differentiation of the peasantry. These keywords were add…
Merger of the State and Clientage
By 1973, the post-colonial state’s systematic attempts to crush clientage practices had resulted in a wide sphere of government supervisory control over the cooperatives, local government and trade unions. This section analyses the aims of state control, then focuses on why clientage practices began to displace bureaucratic administration as the modus operandi of state agencies. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This pr…
The British Colonial State
Tanganyika Territory, previously German East Africa, was a League of Nations mandated territory awarded to Great Britain after World War I in 1919. The territory’s central administration, headquartered in Dar es Salaam, consisted of a Secretariat, High Court, Treasury and various technical departments, e.g. agriculture, labour, public works, etc. The Secretariat was composed of a Governor appointed by the Colonial Office and an Executive Council …
Native Authority Clientage
Prior to colonial penetration, Tanzania was composed of a welter of tribal 1 groupings displaying a wide array of organisational forms that embraced a kingdom, dozens of matrilineal and patrilineal chiefdoms, and age-grade societies as well as acephalous populations which did not cohere as corporate units until the superimposition of the colonial state made it expedient to do so. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This p…
Economics (67 obras) · Geography (57 obras) · Political science (49 obras) · Sociology (40 obras) · Economic growth (36 obras) · Tanzania (36 obras) · Business (32 obras) · Development economics (30 obras) · Socioeconomics (29 obras) · Agriculture (26 obras)