Joerg Baten
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 521775 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Joerg Baten |
| NOMBRES | Joerg |
| APELLIDO | Baten |
| FIRMA | BATEN J |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Tübingen |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5029-501X |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 43 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 296 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 42 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2003 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Regional Elite Numeracy Formation in Sub-Saharan Africa During the 17 th to 19 th Century and Its Path-Dependent Relationship with Today’s Health Outcomes
Is there a relationship between early elite numeracy and today’s health outcomes in SubSaharan Africa? Using subnational data from 44 countries, we find that regions with higher elite numeracy during the 17th to 19th centuries now have higher life expectancy and lower malaria prevalence. We employ an instrumental variable approach utilising proximity to historical centre as an exogenous source of variation in elite numeracy diffusion. We suppleme…
Island bioarchaeology and ritual knowledge transfer at Biniadrís cave (Menorca, Spain)
The Biniadrís cave is located in the southern part of the island of Menorca (Spain). It is the fourth funerary cave with preserved materials discovered in Menorca up to now, along with Es Càrritx, Es Mussol, and Es Pas. However, the chronology of Biniadrís is more extensive, covering more than seven centuries, allowing for a study of human practices over the “longue durée”. What makes Biniadrís unique is its large number of bioarchaeological rema…
Gender (in)equality, maritime economies, and numeracy development in Greece during the 19th and 20th centuries
We study the history of human capital in Greece during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. We investigate the numeracy skills of the population both at national and regional levels. Furthermore, we test the effect of gender equality, as well as geographic, demographic and socio-economic factors such as agricultural specialisation (crops, livestock), trade and industry development, urbanisation, and migration on numeracy. We find that in Greec…
Violence trends in the ancient Middle East between 12,000 and 400 bce
Female autonomy generated successful long-term human capital development
Rethinking age heaping again for understanding its possibilities and limitations
A'Hearn, Delfino, and Nuvolari recently argued in this journal that the indicator function of age heaping for education, and numeracy in particular, is quite limited. In contrast, we show empirically that by applying the methodological elements that were developed over the past decade, age-heaping-based numeracy research can be an important tool for economic history
Elite violence and elite numeracy in Europe from 500 to 1900 CE
Our research expands earlier studies on elite human capital by widening the geographic scope and tracing the early roots of the European divergence. We present new evidence of elite numeracy in Europe since the sixth century CE. During the early medieval period, Western Europe had no advantage over the east, but the development of relative violence levels changed this. After implementing an instrumental variable strategy and a battery of robustne…
Inequality, low-intensity immigration and human capital formation in the regions of Chile, 1820-1939
Land inequality and numeracy in Spain during the seventeenth and eighteenth century
We assess the relationship between land inequality and human capital at the end of the early modern period, focusing on individual-level evidence from Spain. Our main finding is that land inequality had already had a significant negative effect on the formation of human capital there in the late-seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. We argue that this reflects the important role of a social structure based on farming families (as opposed to latif…
Numeracy development in Africa
Educational Gender Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa
To what extent did sub-Saharan Africa's twentieth century schooling revolution benefit boys and girls equally? Using census data and a cohort approach, we examine gender gaps in years of education over the twentieth century at world region, country and district levels. First, we find that compared to other developing regions, Africa had a small initial educational gender gap but subsequently made the least progress in closing the gap. Second, in …
Numeracy of Religious Minorities in Spain and Portugal During the Inquisition Era
We assess the numeracy (age heaping) of religious minorities, particularly Jews, and other defendants of the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions, and compare it with the general Iberian population. Our database includes 13,000 individuals who took part in Inquisition trials, and 17,000 individuals recorded in censuses and parish registers who serve as a control group. We thoroughly discuss the representativeness of our samples for the populations…
Valkyries
Height development of men and women from China, South Korea, and Taiwan during the rapid economic transformation period of the 1960s–1980s
History of the Global Economy
Compulsory licensing and innovation – Historical evidence from German patents after WWI
Farmers at the heart of the ‘human capital revolution’? Decomposing the numeracy increase in early modern Europe
Did the early development of skills and numerical abilities occur primarily in urban centres and among the elite groups of society? This study assesses the human capital of different occupational groups in the early modern period and partially confirms this finding: skilled and professional groups had higher levels of numeracy and literacy than persons in unskilled occupations. However, there was another large group that developed substantial hum…
European Trade, Colonialism, and Human Capital Accumulation in Senegal, Gambia and Western Mali, 1770-1900
We trace the development of human capital in today's Senegal, Gambia, and Western Mali between 1770 and 1900. European trade, slavery, and early colonialism were linked to human capital formation, but this connection appears to have been heterogeneous. The contact with the Atlantic slave trade increased regional divergence, as the coast of Senegambia developed more quickly than inner areas. This pattern was affected by French early colonialism an…
A History of the Global Economy
Why are some parts of the world poor today, while others are rich? At which point in time did they diverge, and what were the reasons? These core questions are addressed in a concise and accessible introduction to global economic development since 1500. Leading economic historians from across the globe provide overviews of major world regions together with global comparison chapters and case studies highlighting key themes, individuals, processes…
Global Perspectives on Economics and Biology
This chapter traces global trends in physical stature from the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution to modern times. Major cycles in nutritional status and the biological standard of living can be documented across the course of human history as the amount and quality of nutrition changed. In addition, inequality of living standards increased in the more stratified societies that came into being after the Agricultural Revolution. A second major tran…
Social and intertemporal differences of basic numeracy in Pannonia (first century BCE to third century CE)
In this study, we assess the human capital of Roman legionaries, officers and the civilian population born between the first century BCE and the third century CE in Pannonia (today’s West Hungary). Age-heaping techniques allow the measurement of human capital for this early period, although we need to discuss intensively potential selectivity. We find that the Roman military benefited strongly from occupational choice selectivity: those social gr…
On the human capital of Inca Indios before and after the Spanish Conquest. Was there a “Pre-Colonial Legacy”
Regional inequality in human capital formation in Europe, 1790–1880
Recent theoretical advances reveal the importance of human capital for long-run economic growth. However, the absence of data makes it difficult to measure human capital before 1870 at the national level, let alone at the regional level within countries. By using the age heaping method and a large, new data set, we approximate the numeracy values in more than 570 regions in Europe between 1790 and 1880. The results indicate a significant gap in n…
Growing Tall but Unequal
This is the first initiative to collate the entire body of anthropometric evidence during the 19th and 20th centuries, on a global scale. By providing a comprehensive dataset on global height developments we are able to emphasize an alternative view of the history of human well-being and a basis for understanding characteristics of well-being in 156 countries, 1810–1989
The Global Status of Economic History
How many economic historians are there? In which countries or regions are they concentrated? What can we learn from the number of economic historians participating in world congresses, and which determinants encourage or limit participation? Using an e-mail questionnaire, we analyse the discipline's global status. Overall 59 countries were surveyed in this overview. Although the majority of economic historians are concentrated in rich countries, …
Global trends in numeracy 1820–1949 and its implications for long-term growth
Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa
Educational Gender Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa
To what extent did sub-Saharan Africa's twentieth century schooling revolution benefit boys and girls equally? Using census data and a cohort approach, we examine gender gaps in years of education over the twentieth century at world region, country and district levels. First, we find that compared to other developing regions, Africa had a small initial educational gender gap but subsequently made the least progress in closing the gap. Second, in …
Brain drain in the age of mass migration
Growing Tall but Unequal
This is the first initiative to collate the entire body of anthropometric evidence during the 19th and 20th centuries, on a global scale. By providing a comprehensive dataset on global height developments we are able to emphasize an alternative view of the history of human well-being and a basis for understanding characteristics of well-being in 156 countries, 1810–1989
Evolution of living standards and human capital in China in the 18–20th centuries
The development and inequality of heights in North, West, and East India 1915–1944
Agricultural specialization and height in ancient and medieval Europe
On the human capital of Inca Indios before and after the Spanish Conquest. Was there a “Pre-Colonial Legacy”
Portuguese living standards, 1720–1980, in European comparison
When and why did the Portuguese become the shortest Europeans? In order to find the answer to this question, we trace the trend in Portuguese living standards from the 1720s until recent times. We find that during the early nineteenth century average height in Portugal did not differ significantly from average height in most other European countries, but that when, around 1850, European anthropometric values began to climb sharply, Portugal's did…
Farmers at the heart of the ‘human capital revolution’? Decomposing the numeracy increase in early modern Europe
Did the early development of skills and numerical abilities occur primarily in urban centres and among the elite groups of society? This study assesses the human capital of different occupational groups in the early modern period and partially confirms this finding: skilled and professional groups had higher levels of numeracy and literacy than persons in unskilled occupations. However, there was another large group that developed substantial hum…
Convergence and divergence of numeracy
This study makes the first systematic attempt to trace the long-term development of Latin American numeracy, a phenomenon of great interest to economic historians in that it serves as an accurate gauge of human capital development. In order to approximate basic numeracy we use age-heaping techniques. We find that Latin America was on a path of convergence with western Europe during the early eighteenth century. During the early nineteenth century…
New evidence and new methods to measure human capital inequality before and during the industrial revolution
We explore pre- and early industrial inequality of numeracy using the age heaping method and anthropometric strategies. For France, we map differential numeracy between the upper and lower segments of a sample population for 26 regions during the seventeenth century. For the US, inequality of numeracy is estimated for 25 states during the 19th century. Testing the hypothesis of a negative impact of inequality on welfare growth, we find evidence t…
European Trade, Colonialism, and Human Capital Accumulation in Senegal, Gambia and Western Mali, 1770-1900
We trace the development of human capital in today's Senegal, Gambia, and Western Mali between 1770 and 1900. European trade, slavery, and early colonialism were linked to human capital formation, but this connection appears to have been heterogeneous. The contact with the Atlantic slave trade increased regional divergence, as the coast of Senegambia developed more quickly than inner areas. This pattern was affected by French early colonialism an…
The biological standard of living in early nineteenth-century West Africa
West Africans are on average shorter than Europeans today. Whether this was already the case at the end of the Atlantic slave trade is an important question for the history of nutrition and physical welfare. We present the first study of changing heights for people born mostly in what are now northern Ghana and Burkina Faso during the early nineteenth century. The dataset, not used before for anthropometry, documents men born between 1800 and 184…
Tall and shrinking Muslims, short and growing Europeans
Numeracy development in Africa
The Global Status of Economic History
How many economic historians are there? In which countries or regions are they concentrated? What can we learn from the number of economic historians participating in world congresses, and which determinants encourage or limit participation? Using an e-mail questionnaire, we analyse the discipline's global status. Overall 59 countries were surveyed in this overview. Although the majority of economic historians are concentrated in rich countries, …
Globalization and educational inequality during the 18 th to 20 th centuries
This paper explores the inequality of numeracy and education by studying school years and numeracy of the rich and poor, as well as of tall and short individuals. To estimate numeracy, the age-heaping method is used for the 18 th to early 20 th centuries. Testing the hypothesis that globalization might have increased the inequality of education, we find evidence that 19 th century globalization actually increased inequality in Latin America, but …
Violence trends in the ancient Middle East between 12,000 and 400 bce
Female autonomy generated successful long-term human capital development
Land inequality and numeracy in Spain during the seventeenth and eighteenth century
We assess the relationship between land inequality and human capital at the end of the early modern period, focusing on individual-level evidence from Spain. Our main finding is that land inequality had already had a significant negative effect on the formation of human capital there in the late-seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. We argue that this reflects the important role of a social structure based on farming families (as opposed to latif…
Compulsory licensing and innovation – Historical evidence from German patents after WWI
Making profits in wartime
Making profits in wartime: corporate profits, inequality, and GDP in Germany during the First World War. This article reconsiders, and rejects, Kocka's (1973) hypothesis that a strong income redistribution from workers to capital owners occurred in Germany during the First World War. A small number of firms profited from the war, but the majority experienced a decline in real income, similar to the decline in workers' real wages. This finding als…
Rethinking age heaping again for understanding its possibilities and limitations
A'Hearn, Delfino, and Nuvolari recently argued in this journal that the indicator function of age heaping for education, and numeracy in particular, is quite limited. In contrast, we show empirically that by applying the methodological elements that were developed over the past decade, age-heaping-based numeracy research can be an important tool for economic history
Autarchy, market disintegration, and health
The biological standard of living in Europe during the last two millennia
This study offers the first anthropometric estimates of the biological standard of living in Europe during the first millennium AD, and extends the literature on the second millennium. The overall picture drawn from our data is one of stagnant heights. There was no large-scale progress in European nutritional status over the period studied, not even for the period between 1000 and 1800, for which recent GDP per capita estimates indicate increasin…
Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa
Making profits in wartime
Making profits in wartime: corporate profits, inequality, and GDP in Germany during the First World War. This article reconsiders, and rejects, Kocka's (1973) hypothesis that a strong income redistribution from workers to capital owners occurred in Germany during the First World War. A small number of firms profited from the war, but the majority experienced a decline in real income, similar to the decline in workers' real wages. This finding als…
The development and inequality of heights in North, West, and East India 1915–1944
Anthropometric Trends in Southern China, 1830–1864
Anthropometric indicators can shed light on the ‘Great Divergence’ debate on the timing of the welfare development in China and Europe. We mobilise two new datasets of some 13,000 Southern Chinese contract migrants who were sent to Suriname and Indonesia, and thus supplement the limited existing evidence on early to mid‐nineteenth century China. The Southern Chinese were about as tall as Southern Europeans during the early and mid‐nineteenth cent…
Agricultural specialization and height in ancient and medieval Europe
The anthropometric history of Argentina, Brazil and Peru during the 19th and early 20th century
Protein supply and nutritional status in nineteenth century Bavaria, Prussia and France
Tall and shrinking Muslims, short and growing Europeans
Globalization and educational inequality during the 18 th to 20 th centuries
This paper explores the inequality of numeracy and education by studying school years and numeracy of the rich and poor, as well as of tall and short individuals. To estimate numeracy, the age-heaping method is used for the 18 th to early 20 th centuries. Testing the hypothesis that globalization might have increased the inequality of education, we find evidence that 19 th century globalization actually increased inequality in Latin America, but …
Evolution of living standards and human capital in China in the 18–20th centuries
Global trends in numeracy 1820–1949 and its implications for long-term growth
New evidence and new methods to measure human capital inequality before and during the industrial revolution
We explore pre- and early industrial inequality of numeracy using the age heaping method and anthropometric strategies. For France, we map differential numeracy between the upper and lower segments of a sample population for 26 regions during the seventeenth century. For the US, inequality of numeracy is estimated for 25 states during the 19th century. Testing the hypothesis of a negative impact of inequality on welfare growth, we find evidence t…
Regional inequality in human capital formation in Europe, 1790–1880
Recent theoretical advances reveal the importance of human capital for long-run economic growth. However, the absence of data makes it difficult to measure human capital before 1870 at the national level, let alone at the regional level within countries. By using the age heaping method and a large, new data set, we approximate the numeracy values in more than 570 regions in Europe between 1790 and 1880. The results indicate a significant gap in n…
Growing Tall but Unequal
This is the first initiative to collate the entire body of anthropometric evidence during the 19th and 20th centuries, on a global scale. By providing a comprehensive dataset on global height developments we are able to emphasize an alternative view of the history of human well-being and a basis for understanding characteristics of well-being in 156 countries, 1810–1989
The Global Status of Economic History
How many economic historians are there? In which countries or regions are they concentrated? What can we learn from the number of economic historians participating in world congresses, and which determinants encourage or limit participation? Using an e-mail questionnaire, we analyse the discipline's global status. Overall 59 countries were surveyed in this overview. Although the majority of economic historians are concentrated in rich countries, …
Brain drain in the age of mass migration
Portuguese living standards, 1720–1980, in European comparison
When and why did the Portuguese become the shortest Europeans? In order to find the answer to this question, we trace the trend in Portuguese living standards from the 1720s until recent times. We find that during the early nineteenth century average height in Portugal did not differ significantly from average height in most other European countries, but that when, around 1850, European anthropometric values began to climb sharply, Portugal's did…
The biological standard of living in early nineteenth-century West Africa
West Africans are on average shorter than Europeans today. Whether this was already the case at the end of the Atlantic slave trade is an important question for the history of nutrition and physical welfare. We present the first study of changing heights for people born mostly in what are now northern Ghana and Burkina Faso during the early nineteenth century. The dataset, not used before for anthropometry, documents men born between 1800 and 184…
Convergence and divergence of numeracy
This study makes the first systematic attempt to trace the long-term development of Latin American numeracy, a phenomenon of great interest to economic historians in that it serves as an accurate gauge of human capital development. In order to approximate basic numeracy we use age-heaping techniques. We find that Latin America was on a path of convergence with western Europe during the early eighteenth century. During the early nineteenth century…
On the human capital of Inca Indios before and after the Spanish Conquest. Was there a “Pre-Colonial Legacy”
Global Perspectives on Economics and Biology
This chapter traces global trends in physical stature from the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution to modern times. Major cycles in nutritional status and the biological standard of living can be documented across the course of human history as the amount and quality of nutrition changed. In addition, inequality of living standards increased in the more stratified societies that came into being after the Agricultural Revolution. A second major tran…
Social and intertemporal differences of basic numeracy in Pannonia (first century BCE to third century CE)
In this study, we assess the human capital of Roman legionaries, officers and the civilian population born between the first century BCE and the third century CE in Pannonia (today’s West Hungary). Age-heaping techniques allow the measurement of human capital for this early period, although we need to discuss intensively potential selectivity. We find that the Roman military benefited strongly from occupational choice selectivity: those social gr…
A History of the Global Economy
Why are some parts of the world poor today, while others are rich? At which point in time did they diverge, and what were the reasons? These core questions are addressed in a concise and accessible introduction to global economic development since 1500. Leading economic historians from across the globe provide overviews of major world regions together with global comparison chapters and case studies highlighting key themes, individuals, processes…
Geography (35 obras) · Economics (34 obras) · Historical Economic and Social Studies (27 obras) · Demographic economics (23 obras) · Development economics (22 obras) · Political science (22 obras) · Economic growth (21 obras) · Culture, Economy, and Development Studies (20 obras) · Demography (19 obras) · Sociology (19 obras)