T L Adams
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 52530 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | T L Adams |
| NOMBRES | T L |
| APELLIDO | Adams |
| FIRMA | ADAMS T L |
| AFILIACIONES | Western University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6649-5988 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 51 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 115 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 51 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1970 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Professional Regulation and Change in Times of Crisis
This paper analyses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis on professional regulatory change in two Canadian provinces, drawing on ecological theory. The dataset, constructed using web-scraping techniques, includes all laws and by-law modifications concerning regulated professions enacted during the first 18 months of the pandemic in Quebec and British Columbia. Data show that the crisis prompted regulatory changes but that the impact and nat…
Un vent de panique s'est emparé de notre gouvernement
S'appuyant sur la théorie des écologies des professions, cet article porte sur l'évolution récente des politiques touchant aux champs d'exercice des professions de la santé au Québec et en Nouvelle-Écosse. À partir d'une série d'entretiens ainsi que de l'analyse de documents d'orientation et de textes législatifs, cet article montre que les pénuries d'effectifs de santé ont entraîné l'élaboration de réformes hâtives et, selon de nombreuses partie…
Politics, ecologies and professional regulation
A variety of theories have been proposed to explain why states pass legislation to regulate professional groups, and why, more recently, they have acted to curtail professional privileges. While these theories have drawn attention to the importance of power dynamics and public protection, among other factors, the role of political interests has been downplayed. This article builds on ecological theory to argue that, with some modifications, the t…
“Place matters”
In the past, research highlighted interprofessional conflict among health professions over authority and practice rights in healthcare fields with advanced divisions of labour. More recently, scholarly attention has turned to interprofessional collaboration; however, there is evidence that inter-professional conflict persists. Moreover, there are signs that internal heterogeneity within professions is rendering interprofessional conflicts more co…
What is the Public Interest in Professional Regulation? Canadian Regulatory Leaders’ Views in a Context of Change
Professions are regulated in the public interest, but precisely what the term “public interest” means can vary across time and place. Research exploring changes to professional regulation in the West has begun to identify such shifts: for instance, highlighting the emphasis on consumer satisfaction and public protection over other potential meanings of the public interest. To understand these societal shifts and their implications for professiona…
Marginalized Inclusion
There is substantial evidence that members of visible minorities experience labour market disadvantages in Canada; however, some fields appear more welcoming than others. Engineering could be perceived as one such field since visible minority men appear to be over-represented in this profession. While research has documented barriers to entry to practice for the internationally educated, there has been little attention devoted to exploring the ca…
The workload is staggering”
The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn attention to the home as a work environment, but the focus has centered on the experiences of paid workers. Stay-at-home mothers (SAHMs), for whom the home was already a workplace, have received little attention. This article explores how pandemic-induced lockdowns impacted SAHMs' working conditions and their experiences of childrearing. Combining a Marxist-feminist conceptualization of domestic labor with a labor …
Professional regulation, profession-state relations and the pandemic response
A Precarious Game
Feeding the Canadian Immigrant Family
In light of the positive association between home-cooked meals and healthier diets, many recent health promotion strategies have encouraged the public to cook more often at home. However, class, race/ethnicity, and gender inequalities often intersect in shaping food practices and also impact who takes on the work involved in “feeding the family”. There are reasons to believe that challenges in healthy eating may be exacerbated among immigrants. B…
Helen Kang, Medicine and Morality
Helen Kang, Medicine and Morality: Crises in the History of a Profession Helen Kang, Medicine and Morality: Crises in the History of a Profession, Vancouver: UBC Press, 2019. Pp. 158. CAD $29.95. ISBN 978 0 7748 6212 7. Tracey L Adams Tracey L Adams [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-5988 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social History of Medicine, hkaa089, https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hk…
Esyllt W. Jones, Radical Medicine
In Canada, the origins of universal health insurance in the province of Saskatchewan under Premier Tommy Douglas have become legendary. In light of their national importance, both Douglas and the history of medicare in Canada have received scholarly attention in the past. In Radical Medicine, Esyllt Jones makes a significant contribution to this literature, shedding new light on socialised medicine in Canada, by broadening the focus and exploring…
Professions
While the definition of the term profession is a matter of some academic controversy, it typically refers to a subset of occupations distinguished by their status, high levels of education, and expertise. Professions have also been characterized by autonomy, good working conditions, and good pay. Recently, however, workplace change has combined with regulatory change and a societal backlash against expertise to reduce professions' special status,…
This Happens All the Time
Given their positions of public trust, regulated professions are legally required to uphold ethical standards, and ensure that professional practice protects the public. Nonetheless, there is ample evidence that professionals do not always behave ethically. One proposed solution is greater organizational surveillance; however, research from a neo-Weberian perspective encourages scepticism about such arguments. Organizations may not only fail to s…
Gender and Age in the Professions
Sociologists have paid little attention to the shifting significance of gender to professional work. Nevertheless, there is evidence that the meanings attached to gender, and the gendering of work, have shifted over time, such that the experiences of newer cohorts of professionals differ from those of professionals in previous generations. In this paper, we show how combining intersectionality theory and life course approaches facilitates the exp…
Neo-Weberianism, Professional Formation and the State
This paper outlines a neo-Weberian approach to state-sponsored social closure in professional formation. Despite its advantages, state decision-making is not typically well-defined or examined in neo-Weberian analyses. Neo-Weberianism is differentiated from Max Weber’s own work on social action and rationality, which generally provides a more subtle interpretation of state socio-political processes. The paper explores how policy formation can be …
Occupations
The term occupation is used to describe the work one engages in on a regular basis, usually as a means to earn a living. Characteristics of occupations vary along a number of dimensions including skill level, autonomy, pay, safety, and security. Occupations are changing over time, with shifts in the economy; recent labor market changes may alter the extent to which workers hold occupations
Presentation
Choosing a Specialty
Forty years ago, Bourne and Wikler (1978) wrote about the challenges women faced in medical school, arguing that women's specialty choices were structurally conditioned by the subtle discrimination they faced, as well as the masculine nature of medical practice. Since then the demographic make-up of the medical profession has changed: today, many entrants are not only women, but also members of racial/ethnic minorities. Have these changes affecte…
Professional Self-Regulation and the Public Interest in Canada
The regulation of professional groups has often been justified as being in the public interest. In recent decades, policymakers in Anglo-American countries have questioned whether self-regulating professions have truly served the public interest, or whether they have merely acted in their own interests. This paper draws on legislative records and policy reports to explore meanings attached to professional self-regulation and the public interest i…
“Drop dead … I need your job”
"When "citizenship is indispensable to the practice of a profession
This paper explores citizenship requirements for entry to practice regulated professions historically in four Canadian provinces. It reviews how common citizenship restrictions have been in Canadian professions, when and where they were implemented, and what rationales were provided for these restrictions. Findings provide support for both Weberian social closure theory which sees such restrictions as the product of professional lobbying, and sta…
Flexible Small Firms? Why Some Small Firms Facilitate The Use of Flexible Workplace Policies
Flexible Small Firms? Why Some Small Firms Facilitate the Use of FWPs
This paper examines why some small firms offer Flexible Workplace Policies (FWPs) while others do not and what factors contribute to the offering and use of FWPs within small firms. A multiple case study is employed using multiple data sources on seventeen information technology (IT) small firms in Canada. Findings reveal three types of firms with regard to their flexibility, working hours, and approaches to time. Among these firm types, discerni…
The Emergence of Naturopathy in Two Canadian Provinces
This paper explores the development and regulation of naturopathy in two Canadian provinces, Ontario and British Columbia, prior to 1950. Naturopathy has been a regulated profession in British Columbia since 1936. In Ontario the regulated group, since 1926 until recently, has been ‘drugless therapy.’ Through a comparative case study we not only document the early history of naturopathy, and its regulation, but we explore the factors shaping profe…
Sociology of professions
This article considers points of convergence and divergence in English-language publications in the sociology of professions. While research on professions in the US, UK, Canada and Western Europe shares many similarities, UK researchers have devoted more attention to professional regulation, while their US counterparts focus instead on organizational challenges facing professionals. Contrasting these empirical and theoretical approaches opens up…
Gender and Feminization in Health Care Professions
Within health care, there has long been a gender division of professional labor: men have predominated in higher‐status, higher‐paying professions like medicine and dentistry, while women’s health care work has been clustered in so‐called support occupations such as nursing. Historically, health care professions were gendered, and beliefs about gender came to be embedded in professional work. Recently, however, traditional gender divisions of lab…
Skill, education and credentials in the new economy
According to many social commentators, we live in a ‘new economy’ in which the nature of work is changing at a rapid pace. Technological change, organizational restructuring, and globalization appear to be having a dramatic impact on the nature and availability of work. Many researchers have demonstrated how labour in the new economy is increasingly contingent and insecure (Castells, 2000a; Cranford et al., 2003; Kalleberg, 2000). Workers face gr…
Employers’ and employment counselors’ perceptions of desirable skills for entry-level positions for adolescents
Today’s youth face high unemployment and other labor-market challenges; these challenges are often worse for youth with disabilities. This paper explores what employers and employment counselors look for when hiring youth into entry-level jobs and whether they believe youth with disabilities have fewer skills than those without. This study used a qualitative design with a purposive sample of 19 youth employers and employment counselors. Our findi…
Profession
Il a toujours été problématique de conceptualiser les professions puisque les caractéristiques professionnelles varient beaucoup dans le temps et dans l'espace. Cet article analyse les façons selon lesquelles les professions et les occupations ont été délimitées historiquement dans la législation. Un regard sur la réglementation professionnelle de cinq provinces canadiennes antérieure à 1961 dénombre environ 36 groupes professionnels distincts. L…
The workload is staggering”
The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn attention to the home as a work environment, but the focus has centered on the experiences of paid workers. Stay-at-home mothers (SAHMs), for whom the home was already a workplace, have received little attention. This article explores how pandemic-induced lockdowns impacted SAHMs' working conditions and their experiences of childrearing. Combining a Marxist-feminist conceptualization of domestic labor with a labor …
Neo-Weberianism, Professional Formation and the State
This paper outlines a neo-Weberian approach to state-sponsored social closure in professional formation. Despite its advantages, state decision-making is not typically well-defined or examined in neo-Weberian analyses. Neo-Weberianism is differentiated from Max Weber’s own work on social action and rationality, which generally provides a more subtle interpretation of state socio-political processes. The paper explores how policy formation can be …
Combining Gender, Class, and Race
This study examines the relationship between gender, class, and race through a case study of the Ontario, Canada dental profession in the first two decades of the twentieth century. During this time period dentists endeavored to solidify their claims to professional status by defining their relations with patients, the public, and with dental assistants. Dentists drew on gender, class, and racial-ethnic relations and ideology in defining these re…
Interprofessional Relations and The Emergence of A New Profession
This article explores the conditions under which interprofessional relations may be characterized by conflict and/or cooperation through a case study of the rise of a software engineering (SWE) profession in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada. Analysis of professional journal publications produced by the primary computing organizations in all three countries reveals that the development of a SWE profession in the United Kingdom, and to…
Feeding the Canadian Immigrant Family
In light of the positive association between home-cooked meals and healthier diets, many recent health promotion strategies have encouraged the public to cook more often at home. However, class, race/ethnicity, and gender inequalities often intersect in shaping food practices and also impact who takes on the work involved in “feeding the family”. There are reasons to believe that challenges in healthy eating may be exacerbated among immigrants. B…
This Happens All the Time
Given their positions of public trust, regulated professions are legally required to uphold ethical standards, and ensure that professional practice protects the public. Nonetheless, there is ample evidence that professionals do not always behave ethically. One proposed solution is greater organizational surveillance; however, research from a neo-Weberian perspective encourages scepticism about such arguments. Organizations may not only fail to s…
Professionalization, Gender and Female‐dominated Professions
This paper explores the influence of gender and feminism on the professional projects of female-dominated professions, through a case study of dental hygiene in Ontario. Full professional status has eluded many female-dominated professions, including dental hygiene. Historically, dental hygiene was defined as work for women, to be performed strictly under the control of male dentists. In recent years, dental hygiene has pursued a professional pro…
Choosing a Specialty
Forty years ago, Bourne and Wikler (1978) wrote about the challenges women faced in medical school, arguing that women's specialty choices were structurally conditioned by the subtle discrimination they faced, as well as the masculine nature of medical practice. Since then the demographic make-up of the medical profession has changed: today, many entrants are not only women, but also members of racial/ethnic minorities. Have these changes affecte…
Legislating Professionals
While states are clearly crucial to the establishment and regulation of professions, there is little consensus over the nature of the relationship between professions and the state. This paper explores profession-state relations, through a case study of the Ontario government's historical practice of granting individual petitioners the right to circumvent requirements for entry to practise established by professional bodies. Through this practice…
Professional regulation, profession-state relations and the pandemic response
Feminization of Professions
The potential impact of feminization upon professions is examined through a case study of the Ontario dental profession. Women are entering dentistry in larger numbers, and if women practice differently than men, then their increased participation may alter the nature of dental practice. Using data from a survey of dentists in Ontario conducted in 2002 (N=484), this study finds that there are very few differences between male and female dentists …
The Manly Working Man
This article explores hegemonic and counterhegemonic ideas of masculinity as seen through the political campaigns and programmatic appeals of the Knights of Labor (KOL) in Ontario, 1882 to 1890. The KOL was a movement that sought to unite the working class in opposition to the exploitation of elites. Central to the KOL's opposition was the creation of a counterhegemonic ideal of manhood. For the KOL, the denial of their rights as workers and citi…
Politics, ecologies and professional regulation
A variety of theories have been proposed to explain why states pass legislation to regulate professional groups, and why, more recently, they have acted to curtail professional privileges. While these theories have drawn attention to the importance of power dynamics and public protection, among other factors, the role of political interests has been downplayed. This article builds on ecological theory to argue that, with some modifications, the t…
The Changing Nature of Professional Regulation in Canada, 1867–1961
There is a growing body of literature exploring the relationship between regulated professions and the state. Research has shown that the state is the key source of power for professions, and it has suggested that professions may support and assist state agencies and actors in many ways. Although studies have documented changing state-profession relations across region and era and recent research points to significant change in the regulation of …
Dentistry and medical dominance
Neo-Weberianism and changing state-profession relations
Professions now operate in a more critical modern Western societal context. This has typically led to a major political challenge by the state to the self-regulation of such groups. It is argued, though, that the reasons for this are more complex than a knee-jerk reaction to the growing number of emerging professional scandals. Accordingly, tools are provided from a neo-Weberian perspective to analyse changes in state-profession relations — bring…
Neo-Weberianism and changing state-profession relations
Professions now operate in a more critical modern Western societal context. This has typically led to a major political challenge by the state to the self-regulation of such groups. It is argued, though, that the reasons for this are more complex than a knee-jerk reaction to the growing number of emerging professional scandals. Accordingly, tools are provided from a neo-Weberian perspective to analyse changes in state-profession relations — bring…
Combining Gender, Class, and Race
This study examines the relationship between gender, class, and race through a case study of the Ontario, Canada dental profession in the first two decades of the twentieth century. During this time period dentists endeavored to solidify their claims to professional status by defining their relations with patients, the public, and with dental assistants. Dentists drew on gender, class, and racial-ethnic relations and ideology in defining these re…
Dentistry and medical dominance
A Dentist and a Gentleman
At one time considered a trade, dentistry gradually evolved and attained professional status, structured in such a way as to recruit middle-class white men; by definition, a professional was a gentleman. A unique and fascinating social history
A Dentist and a Gentleman
Professionalization, Gender and Female‐dominated Professions
This paper explores the influence of gender and feminism on the professional projects of female-dominated professions, through a case study of dental hygiene in Ontario. Full professional status has eluded many female-dominated professions, including dental hygiene. Historically, dental hygiene was defined as work for women, to be performed strictly under the control of male dentists. In recent years, dental hygiene has pursued a professional pro…
Inter-professional conflict and professionalization
The Manly Working Man
This article explores hegemonic and counterhegemonic ideas of masculinity as seen through the political campaigns and programmatic appeals of the Knights of Labor (KOL) in Ontario, 1882 to 1890. The KOL was a movement that sought to unite the working class in opposition to the exploitation of elites. Central to the KOL's opposition was the creation of a counterhegemonic ideal of manhood. For the KOL, the denial of their rights as workers and citi…
Legislating Professionals
While states are clearly crucial to the establishment and regulation of professions, there is little consensus over the nature of the relationship between professions and the state. This paper explores profession-state relations, through a case study of the Ontario government's historical practice of granting individual petitioners the right to circumvent requirements for entry to practise established by professional bodies. Through this practice…
Feminization of Professions
The potential impact of feminization upon professions is examined through a case study of the Ontario dental profession. Women are entering dentistry in larger numbers, and if women practice differently than men, then their increased participation may alter the nature of dental practice. Using data from a survey of dentists in Ontario conducted in 2002 (N=484), this study finds that there are very few differences between male and female dentists …
Interprofessional Relations and The Emergence of A New Profession
This article explores the conditions under which interprofessional relations may be characterized by conflict and/or cooperation through a case study of the rise of a software engineering (SWE) profession in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada. Analysis of professional journal publications produced by the primary computing organizations in all three countries reveals that the development of a SWE profession in the United Kingdom, and to…
“I really didn’t have any problems with the male-female thing until …”
The gendered nature of organizations limits women’s opportunities for advancement. While women have made inroads into many male-dominated jobs, studies suggest they can be marginalized within masculine workplace cultures. In this paper, we examine the experiences of eleven women who have had successful careers in the male-dominated information technology field, to explore their perceptions of the barriers and opportunities women face. We find tha…
Skill, education and credentials in the new economy
According to many social commentators, we live in a ‘new economy’ in which the nature of work is changing at a rapid pace. Technological change, organizational restructuring, and globalization appear to be having a dramatic impact on the nature and availability of work. Many researchers have demonstrated how labour in the new economy is increasingly contingent and insecure (Castells, 2000a; Cranford et al., 2003; Kalleberg, 2000). Workers face gr…
The Changing Nature of Professional Regulation in Canada, 1867-1961
The Changing Nature of Professional Regulation in Canada, 1867–1961
There is a growing body of literature exploring the relationship between regulated professions and the state. Research has shown that the state is the key source of power for professions, and it has suggested that professions may support and assist state agencies and actors in many ways. Although studies have documented changing state-profession relations across region and era and recent research points to significant change in the regulation of …
Profession
Il a toujours été problématique de conceptualiser les professions puisque les caractéristiques professionnelles varient beaucoup dans le temps et dans l'espace. Cet article analyse les façons selon lesquelles les professions et les occupations ont été délimitées historiquement dans la législation. Un regard sur la réglementation professionnelle de cinq provinces canadiennes antérieure à 1961 dénombre environ 36 groupes professionnels distincts. L…
Gender and Feminization in Health Care Professions
Within health care, there has long been a gender division of professional labor: men have predominated in higher‐status, higher‐paying professions like medicine and dentistry, while women’s health care work has been clustered in so‐called support occupations such as nursing. Historically, health care professions were gendered, and beliefs about gender came to be embedded in professional work. Recently, however, traditional gender divisions of lab…
Alyssa Picard, Making the American Mouth
Professions in Civil Society and the State
The Rise and Fall of Osteopathic Medicine in Ontario, 1900–1930s
Au début du XX e siècle, un certain nombre de médecines douces gagnèrent en popularité. La plus populaire d’entre toutes, surtout en Ontario, fut l’ostéopathie. Durant les années 1910 et 1920, une profession dynamique de l’ostéopathie fit son apparition au Canada, s’approchant à grands pas d’un statut professionnel. Malheureusement, les leaders de la profession échouèrent et la médecine sombra lentement dans l’obscurité. Le présent article s’inté…
Information Technology Workers
Crime as Work
Occupations and Professions
Professionalization
Employers’ and employment counselors’ perceptions of desirable skills for entry-level positions for adolescents
Today’s youth face high unemployment and other labor-market challenges; these challenges are often worse for youth with disabilities. This paper explores what employers and employment counselors look for when hiring youth into entry-level jobs and whether they believe youth with disabilities have fewer skills than those without. This study used a qualitative design with a purposive sample of 19 youth employers and employment counselors. Our findi…
Political science (39 obras) · Sociology (35 obras) · Law (23 obras) · Law (18 obras) · Medicine (17 obras) · Public relations (14 obras) · Psychology (13 obras) · Gender Studies (10 obras) · Politics (10 obras) · Economics (9 obras)