Irwin N Sandler
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 5378197 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Irwin N Sandler |
| NOMBRES | Irwin N |
| APELLIDO | Sandler |
| FIRMA | SANDLER I N |
| AFILIACIONES | Arizona State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9023-8965 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 84 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 567 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 84 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1975 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
When a parent dies
The death of a parent can have profound effects on child development. Yet, little is known about the individual and environmental processes that contribute to heterogeneity in child bereavement outcomes. A scoping review was conducted in samples of parentally bereaved children to identify key processes, synthesize results, and determine research gaps. This scoping review identified 23 studies (mainly from the United States), published between 199…
Can online parent education meet the needs of the courts and improve the well‐being of children? The critical roles of goal, program, and evidence alignment
Parent education in family courts can significantly impact children's well‐being after divorce if programs are (1) widely accessible, (2) acceptable to parents, (3) feasible to implement by courts, and (4) have evidence of effectiveness in improving key outcomes for children. In light of recently raised concerns about whether court‐ordered/court‐mandated parent education is justified, to it is critical to identify effective parent education progr…
Effects of an asynchronous, fully web‐based parenting‐after‐divorce program to reduce interparental conflict, increase quality of parenting and reduce children's post‐divorce behavior problems
This study is a randomized controlled trial of an asynchronous, fully web‐based program for divorced and separated parents, the electronic New Beginnings Program (eNBP). This program is an adaptation of a group, in‐person program for divorced parents, the New Beginnings Program (NBP), which has been shown in randomized trials to reduce a wide range of offspring problems and improve a wide range of competencies up to 15 years after participation. …
Enhancing daily affect in youth experiencing high‐conflict parental divorce
This study investigated the effects of a highly interactive, online cognitive‐behavioral youth coping program: Children of Divorce‐Coping with Divorce (CoD‐CoD; Boring et al., 2015) on children exposed to high levels of interparental conflict (IPC). A multiple‐baseline experimental design ( N = 9) evaluated within‐subject intervention effects on change in daily positive and negative affect before, during, and after the intervention (nobservations…
Developmental Manifestations of Grief in Children and Adolescents
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Effectiveness of Adding an Evidence-Based Parent/Caregiver Program for Bereaved Families to Usual Community-Based Services
This paper briefly describes the development of the Resilient Parenting for Bereaved Families program (RPBF) and presents an evaluation of adding the RPBF to usual care (UC) provided by community agencies supporting families of bereaved children. The RPBF was adapted from the caregiver component of a family program that demonstrated significant benefits for parentally children and their parents in a randomized controlled trial. The current study …
Nonresidential Father Psychological Support and Offspring Physical Health Perceptions 15‐Years After Parental Divorce
We evaluated the long‐term impact of father supportive behaviors post‐divorce on youth physical health perceptions, mediated through youth's protective resources. Youth (N = 240; 49% female, 88% Caucasian) reported on father supportive behaviors post‐divorce four times (between ages 9–12), protective resources once (age 15–19), and perceptions of physical health at age 24–28. Higher father support behaviors predicted more protective resources in …
The Development, Evaluation, and Implementation of Parenting‐Focused Prevention Programs in Collaboration with Family Court
Promoting the well‐being and best interests of children in separated and divorcing families is a shared value among family court professionals and prevention scientists who develop and evaluate intervention programs. This article chronicles the development, evaluation, and implementation of two programs—the New Beginnings Program (NBP), a parenting intervention for separated/divorcing parents, and the Family Transitions Guide (FTG), an interventi…
Longitudinal Effects of PostDivorce Interparental Conflict on Children’s Mental Health Problems Through Fear of Abandonment
In a sample of 559 children (ages 9–18), researchers investigated whether: (a) fear of abandonment mediated the association between postdivorce interparental conflict (IPC) and mental health problems, and (b) parent–child relationship quality moderated the association between IPC and fear of abandonment. Mediation analyses indicated that pretest IPC predicted fear of abandonment 3 months later, which then predicted child- and teacher-reported men…
Mother–Adolescent and Father–Adolescent Relationships After Divorce
This longitudinal study examined relations between mother–child relationship quality and father support in adolescence (ages 15–19) and emerging adults’ (ages 24–28) romantic anxiety and avoidance in a sample that experienced parental divorce in childhood (n = 72). A significant interactive effect of mother–adolescent relationship quality and father support on romantic anxiety occurred. High levels of father support protected emerging adults from…
Long-Term Effects of a Parenting Preventive Intervention on Young Adults’ Attitudes Toward Divorce and Marriage
This study examined whether the New Beginnings Program (NBP), a parenting-focused preventive intervention designed to reduce children's post-divorce mental health problems, affected attitudes toward divorce and marriage in young adults whose mothers had participated 15 years earlier. Participants (M = 25.6 years; 50% female; 88% Caucasian) were from 240 families that had participated in a randomized experimental trial (NBP vs. literature control)…
Redesigning Implementation Measurement for Monitoring and Quality Improvement in Community Delivery Settings
Does Shared Parenting Help or Hurt Children in High-Conflict Divorced Families
Despite a recent shift in the allocation of parenting time arrangements following divorce, there is no clear consensus regarding the effects of shared parenting on children's adjustment in high conflict families. We propose key questions and methodological options to increase the ability of results from well-designed empirical studies to inform practice and policy. We review eleven studies of the relations between parenting time and quality of pa…
A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Child-Reported Maternal Warmth on Cortisol Stress Response 15 Years After Parental Divorce
OBJECTIVES: The experience of parental divorce during childhood is associated with an increased risk of behavioral and physical health problems. Alterations in adrenocortical activity may be a mechanism in this relation. Parent-child relationships have been linked to cortisol regulation in children exposed to adversity, but prospective research is lacking. We examined maternal warmth in adolescence as a predictor of young adults' cortisol stress …
Childhood negative emotionality predicts biobehavioral dysregulation fifteen years later
The temperamental trait of negative emotionality (NE) plays an important role in maladaptation among adults experiencing significant life stress. However, the prospective relation between childhood NE and subsequent interrelated behavioral, emotional, and biological dysregulation in later life has not yet been established among children who experience early adversity. Using a longitudinal sample of youth who experienced parental divorce during ch…
Non-Residential Father–Child Involvement, Interparental Conflict and Mental Health of Children Following Divorce
Variable-centered research has found complex relationships between child well-being and two critical aspects of the post-divorce family environment: the level of non-residential father involvement (i.e., contact and supportive relationship) with their children and the level of conflict between the father and mother. However, these analyses fail to capture individual differences based on distinct patterns of interparental conflict, father support …
Standards of Evidence for Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Scale-up Research in Prevention Science
A decade ago, the Society of Prevention Research (SPR) endorsed a set of standards for evidence related to research on prevention interventions. These standards (Flay et al., Prevention Science 6:151-175, 2005) were intended in part to increase consistency in reviews of prevention research that often generated disparate lists of effective interventions due to the application of different standards for what was considered to be necessary to demons…
The Family Bereavement Program
This article describes a preventive intervention to promote resilience of parentally bereaved youth. This intervention includes separate but concurrent programs for youth and caregivers that were developed to change empirically-supported risk and protective factors. We first discuss the risk that parental death confers to youth mental health and social adaptation outcomes. Next, we discuss the theoretical framework underlying this program. After …
The critical role of nurturing environments for promoting human well-being
The recent Institute of Medicine report on prevention (National Research Council & Institute of Medicine, 2009) noted the substantial interrelationship among mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and pointed out that, to a great extent, these problems stem from a set of common conditions. However, despite the evidence, current research and practice continue to deal with the prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders as if the…
Long-Term Impact of Prevention Programs to Promote Effective Parenting
This article reviews findings from 46 randomized experimental trials of preventive parenting interventions. The findings of these trials provide evidence of effects to prevent a wide range of problem outcomes and to promote competencies from one to 20 years later. However, there is a paucity of evidence concerning the processes that account for program effects. Three alternative pathways are proposed as a framework for future research on the long…
Putting the Pieces Together
Bereavement and Depression
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) is being revised. A proposed revision hotly debated is to remove what is known as the exclusionary criterion and allow clinicians to diagnose a person with a major depressive episode within the early days and weeks following a death. The Executive Committee of the Association for Death Education and Counseling (ADEC) commissioned its Scientific Advisory Co…
Quality of Social Relationships and the Development of Depression in Parentally-Bereaved Youth
Promoting Resilience in Youth From Divorced Families
This article focuses on the contributions that the program of research on the New Beginnings Program (NBP) has made to understanding pathways to resilience in youth who experience parental divorce. First, the research demonstrating that divorce increases risk for mental health, physical health, and social adaptation problems is reviewed. Next, theory and research linking social environmental‐level and youth‐level modifiable risk factors and resil…
Predictors of Enrollment and Retention in a Preventive Parenting Intervention for Divorced Families
Preliminary development of a scale of social support
Locus of control as a stress moderator
The study investigated the effects of locus of control beliefs as an individual difference variable on (a) the relationship between negative life events and psychological disorder, (b) perceptions of control over negative life events, and (c) the receipt and impact of social support. Ninety-three college undergraduates (52 internals, 41 externals) reported the negative events which occurred to them in the past year, their perceived control over t…
Toward a multimethod approach to assessing the effects of social support
Two studies were done to assess the direct and stress-buffering effects of social support on psychological symptoms of college students. Three conceptually distinct measures were used to assess different aspects of social support: receipt of supportive transactions, satisfaction with support received, and social support network characteristics. The results indicated a significant direct and stress-buffering effect for support satisfaction in redu…
The critical role of nurturing environments for promoting human well-being
The recent Institute of Medicine report on prevention (National Research Council & Institute of Medicine, 2009) noted the substantial interrelationship among mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and pointed out that, to a great extent, these problems stem from a set of common conditions. However, despite the evidence, current research and practice continue to deal with the prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders as if the…
On the Limits of Coping
This study examined the effects of four coping dimensions—active coping, avoidance, distraction, and support—on conduct problems, depression, and achievement in a multiethnic, inner-city sample of early adolescents. The main effects of coping were examined, along with stress X coping interactions. For girls, active coping interacted with family and community stress to predict conduct problems and grades, respectively, and with community stress to…
Social support resources, stress, and maladjustment of poor children
The effects of the presence of social support resources as moderators of the relationship between stress and maladjustment was investigated. The sample consisted of 71 kindergarten through third-grade inner-city children referred by their teachers as experiencing adjustment problems. Stress was assessed using a 32-item recent life event scale, and maladjustment was assessed using parent ratings of children's adjustment problems. The sample was su…
Life stress and maladaptation of children
Social environmental variables differentiating maladapting children from matched controls in four inner-city elementary schools were investigated. Teacher selection was used to identify the maladapting children. Identified maladapting children were more likely to have been on welfare and to have experienced significantly more stressful life events during the previous year than the matched control children. The maladapting group was subdivided int…
Quality and Ecology of Adversity as Common Mechanisms of Risk and Resilience
This paper proposes common mechanisms to explain the effects of adversities and of resources that promote resilience. Adversities threaten the satisfaction of basic human needs and the acquisitions of competencies to carry out valued social roles. Adversities can also be characterized in terms of their ecological properties of occurrence in time, and place. Resilience resources at the individual, microsystem and macro levels reduce the negative e…
War-related stress
Theory‐based screening for prevention
Prevention programs in mental health theoretically can benefit from selecting participants who have a greater likelihood of developing psychological problems because of their exposure to the putative mediators targeted for change in an intervention. Screening on mediators may increase statistical power to detect program effects, enhance the cost-effectiveness of intervention trials, and decrease the possibility of iatrogenic effects. The circumst…
The children of divorce parenting intervention
Examined efficacy of an empirically based intervention using 70 divorced mothers who participated in a 12-session program or a wait-list condition. The program targeted five putative mediators: quality of the mother-child relationship, discipline, negative divorce events, contact with fathers, and support from nonparental adults. Posttest comparisons showed higher quality mother-child relationships and discipline, fewer negative divorce events, a…
Social support of children of divorce
This study examined the direct and stress-buffering effects of support from family adults, nonfamily adults, family children, and nonfamily children on the adjustment of 104 children of divorce. For children's reports of adjustment, significant stress-buffering (i.e., Stress x Support) interactions for support from family adults and support from nonfamily adults occurred. The lower the level of social support, the stronger the positive relation b…
History of spouse violence against mother
The use of structural equation modeling in generative research
Describes a generative study of processes which may lead to symptomatology in children who have experienced the death of a parent. Based on existing literature, four putative mediating variables were identified: parental demoralization, family warmth, negative family events, and positive stable family events. Structural equation modeling techniques were used to compare several potential causal models involving these variables. The results were mo…
The role of risk and protective factors in predicting symptomatology in adolescent self‐identified children of alcoholic parents
Tested a stress process model for predicting mental health symptoms in children of alcoholics (COAs). Stress and mental health measures were completed twice over a 3-month period by 145 high school students, 43 of whom self-identified as COAs. Using structural equation modeling, a stress process model for predicting mental health symptoms in children provided a good fit to the data. COA status was related to higher levels of negative and lower le…
Developing Effective Prevention Services for the Real World
A Prevention Service Development Model (PSDM) is presented as an approach to develop, prevention programs that are both effective and that are readily adopted for implementation in community settings. The model is an integration of concepts and methods from two fields, prevention research and marketing research as applied to new service development. Questions that are posed at each stage of the PSDM are described. Studies from the development of …
Major life events and minor stressors
Whether the relationship between major life events and distress is mediated through minor stressors was examined in three stress groups: those who (a) experienced the death of a spouse, (b) divorced, or (c) were the parent of a child with asthma. Each of these major stress groups was compared with a control group. Path analyses conducted by aggregating the data cross major stress groups indicated that major life events exert both a direct influen…
Stability and quality of life events and psychological symptomatology in children of divorce
Studied the relations between postdivorce events and maladjustment of children of divorce using a two-dimensional model of events. One dimension concerned the stability of events and included whether they were increases, decreases, or the continuation of stable conditions. The second dimension was quality, and included whether they had a positive or negative valence. Two samples of children of divorce (ns = 142 and 64) ages 8-15 were studied. Chi…
Dimensional analysis of childrens' stressful life events
Two studies are presented applying a cognitive dimensional analysis to the study of childrens' life stress events. Study 1 investigated the dimensions derived from nine psychologists' ratings of the similarity of events. Items on a 32-item event scale were paired yielding 496 item pairs. Psychologists rated event similarity using a 5-point scale. Mean similarity judgments were calculated, linearly transformed, and factor analyzed by the method of…
Linking empirically based theory and evaluation
Conclusion We have illustrated how our “small theory” (Lipsey, 1990) of bereavement guided the development and evaluation of a preventive intervention for bereaved children. Our small theory, based on prior empirical research, enabled us to identify family processes that appeared to mediate the effects of parental death on child mental health. Our intervention was designed to attempt to change these processes. The evaluation of our experimental t…
Risk status of adolescent children of problem‐drinking parents
These studies assessed the risk status of children of untreated alcoholics. In Study 1, a cross-sectional survey of 208 high school students identified 18% as having serious concern about their parents' drinking. In Study 2, 32 children of problem-drinking parents and 39 others who participated in self-help groups were surveyed. Children of problem-drinking parents were more at risk of depression, low self-esteem, and heavy drinking than their pe…
Effectiveness of an early secondary prevention program in an inner‐city elementary school
The adaptation of an early secondary prevention program to an inner-city elementary school is described. The program utilizes nonprofessional workers as the primary helping agents with maladapting children in kindergarten through third grade classes. The program also involves consultation with classroom teachers and parents and an after-school activity group. A community advisory board helps provide accountability to the community and increased p…
Interaction of sex, locus of control, and teacher control
Parentally Bereaved Children's Grief
We investigated whether 3 self-system beliefs--fear of abandonment, coping efficacy, and self-esteem--mediated the relations between stressors and caregiver-child relationship quality and parentally bereaved youths' general grief and intrusive grief thoughts. Cross-sectional (n = 340 youth) and longitudinal (n = 100 youth) models were tested. In the cross-sectional model, fear of abandonment mediated the effects of stressors and relationship qual…
Locus of Control and Self-Esteem as Stress-Moderators or Stress-Mediators in Parentally Bereaved Children
Parentally bereaved children's locus of control and self-esteem were examined as stress-moderators or stress-mediators of their internalizing and externalizing mental health problems. Seventy-six children ages 8 to 16 and their surviving parent were assessed 4 to 34 months after the death. Stress, locus of control, and self-esteem were measured by child report questionnaires. Internalizing and externalizing mental health problems were measured by…
Effectiveness of an early secondary prevention program in an inner‐city elementary school
The adaptation of an early secondary prevention program to an inner-city elementary school is described. The program utilizes nonprofessional workers as the primary helping agents with maladapting children in kindergarten through third grade classes. The program also involves consultation with classroom teachers and parents and an after-school activity group. A community advisory board helps provide accountability to the community and increased p…
Using psychology to promote human welfare
Using psychology to promote human welfare
Self versus counselor perceptions of interpersonal characteristics of female welfare recipients
Self-ratings and counselor ratings of the interpersonal characteristics of 232 female welfare recipients in a job-training program were compared. The welfare recipient sample included 108 Anglos, 55 Mexican-Americans, and 69 Blacks. The data was analyzed using 3 × 2 analysis of variance (ethnicity of client × rater), and correlations between client and counselor ratings of the clients' interpersonal characteristics were computed. Results indicate…
Social planning and social action do involve psychological processes
More on conceptualizing community psychology
More on conceptualizing community psychology
Social planning and social action do involve psychological processes
Interaction of sex, locus of control, and teacher control
Life stress and maladaptation of children
Social environmental variables differentiating maladapting children from matched controls in four inner-city elementary schools were investigated. Teacher selection was used to identify the maladapting children. Identified maladapting children were more likely to have been on welfare and to have experienced significantly more stressful life events during the previous year than the matched control children. The maladapting group was subdivided int…
Social support resources, stress, and maladjustment of poor children
The effects of the presence of social support resources as moderators of the relationship between stress and maladjustment was investigated. The sample consisted of 71 kindergarten through third-grade inner-city children referred by their teachers as experiencing adjustment problems. Stress was assessed using a 32-item recent life event scale, and maladjustment was assessed using parent ratings of children's adjustment problems. The sample was su…
Dimensional analysis of childrens' stressful life events
Two studies are presented applying a cognitive dimensional analysis to the study of childrens' life stress events. Study 1 investigated the dimensions derived from nine psychologists' ratings of the similarity of events. Items on a 32-item event scale were paired yielding 496 item pairs. Psychologists rated event similarity using a 5-point scale. Mean similarity judgments were calculated, linearly transformed, and factor analyzed by the method of…
Preliminary development of a scale of social support
Locus of control as a stress moderator
The study investigated the effects of locus of control beliefs as an individual difference variable on (a) the relationship between negative life events and psychological disorder, (b) perceptions of control over negative life events, and (c) the receipt and impact of social support. Ninety-three college undergraduates (52 internals, 41 externals) reported the negative events which occurred to them in the past year, their perceived control over t…
Trends observed in community psychology training descriptions
Toward a multimethod approach to assessing the effects of social support
Two studies were done to assess the direct and stress-buffering effects of social support on psychological symptoms of college students. Three conceptually distinct measures were used to assess different aspects of social support: receipt of supportive transactions, satisfaction with support received, and social support network characteristics. The results indicated a significant direct and stress-buffering effect for support satisfaction in redu…
Relevance of social climate
Children's environments and mental health
Events of parental divorce
The stressfulness, for the "typical" child, of 62 events that occur to children of divorce was rated by children of divorce (n = 58), their custodial parents (n = 58), and clinicians (n = 50). In addition, a larger group of children (n = 123) rated the goodness or badness of the events that had happened to them. The rank orderings of the mean stress ratings for the typical child made by children, parents, and clinicians were highly correlated. Ho…
Risk status of adolescent children of problem‐drinking parents
These studies assessed the risk status of children of untreated alcoholics. In Study 1, a cross-sectional survey of 208 high school students identified 18% as having serious concern about their parents' drinking. In Study 2, 32 children of problem-drinking parents and 39 others who participated in self-help groups were surveyed. Children of problem-drinking parents were more at risk of depression, low self-esteem, and heavy drinking than their pe…
Buffer and booster effects as event‐support transactions
Social support of children of divorce
This study examined the direct and stress-buffering effects of support from family adults, nonfamily adults, family children, and nonfamily children on the adjustment of 104 children of divorce. For children's reports of adjustment, significant stress-buffering (i.e., Stress x Support) interactions for support from family adults and support from nonfamily adults occurred. The lower the level of social support, the stronger the positive relation b…
The role of risk and protective factors in predicting symptomatology in adolescent self‐identified children of alcoholic parents
Tested a stress process model for predicting mental health symptoms in children of alcoholics (COAs). Stress and mental health measures were completed twice over a 3-month period by 145 high school students, 43 of whom self-identified as COAs. Using structural equation modeling, a stress process model for predicting mental health symptoms in children provided a good fit to the data. COA status was related to higher levels of negative and lower le…
Theory‐based screening for prevention
Prevention programs in mental health theoretically can benefit from selecting participants who have a greater likelihood of developing psychological problems because of their exposure to the putative mediators targeted for change in an intervention. Screening on mediators may increase statistical power to detect program effects, enhance the cost-effectiveness of intervention trials, and decrease the possibility of iatrogenic effects. The circumst…
Small theory and the strategic choices of prevention research
Our comments on the discussion of mediational screening for prevention research highlight two issues: (a) There are advantages to giving a high priority to theory in a strategic sequence of prevention research studies. (b) Screening to identify a subgroup that is experiencing problems on processes the program is designed to change may be useful in accomplishing specific goals within an overall strategy of prevention research studies
Psychology (81 obras) · Medicine (50 obras) · Developmental psychology (39 obras) · Clinical Psychology (36 obras) · Psychiatry (35 obras) · Health psychology (30 obras) · Public health (30 obras) · Social Psychology (28 obras) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (24 obras) · Mental health (24 obras)