Charles C Cleland
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 5379998 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Charles C Cleland |
| NOMBRES | Charles C |
| APELLIDO | Cleland |
| FIRMA | CLELAND C C |
| AFILIACIONES | The University of Texas at Austin |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 12 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 4 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 12 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1965 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1975 |
| ÍNDICE H | 1 |
Ecology and Ordinality in Invention
A review of literature on environmental complexity, biographic works on inventors, and even the etymology of ecology (Greek oikos or house) generated the hypothesis that inventors, more than noninventors, would have spent a significant part of their lives in a 2-story home. Further, inventors would be overrepresented by firstborns. 544, i.e., 30% of the University of Texas faculty, responded to a brief questionnaire. Although analyses failed to u…
Operant Preferences for Male and Female Voices by Profoundly Retarded Males
Previous studies of preferences of the profoundly mentally retarded have indicated that complex visual stimuli are more effective in eliciting responses than are auditory or simple stimuli. Male and female voices were used to determine preference for voice. Profoundly retarded adults (mean Social Quotient of 11.7) were first exposed to a situation where button pressing resulted in either a 250- or a 2000-Hz tone and then to a situation in which a…
The Alabama decision
Relative Effectiveness of Modeling and Verbal Instructions on Severe Retardates' Gross Motor Performance
Previous research utilizing modeling procedures with the severely retarded has used verbal instruction contiguous to imitation training. This study explored the relative efficacy of modeling and verbal instruction employed independently. The failure to achieve imitative learning under either treatment condition is consistent with the reported non-imitative status of this population. Methodological implications for modeling as a behavior modificat…
Scented surrogates
Differential Sensitivity of Profound Retardates to Adults' Steady Gaze
profoundly mentally retarded (PMR) represent a group whose pre-verbal status defies efforts to decipher their primitive communicative modes (Cleland & Alunan, 1969). Research on visual interaction suggests that children do demonstrate a degree of sensitivity to observation (Gibson & Pick, 1963), and in his extensive review of non-verbal modes of communication Duncan (1969) emphasizes the need for research focusing on the reactions of recipients o…
Unionization of institutions
Deprivation, reinforcement and peer support as work motivators
Note on Experience in Ability to Predict Retardates' Job Choice
A group of retardates ranked their preferences for six vocational situations. Three discriminable preference groups emerged. Three normal groups, attendants at a state institution, upper-division college students, and vocational rehabilitation counselors, ranked the same situations as they thought retardates would rate them. Analysis of the data suggested a hierarchy of ability to approximate the retardates' preferences, specifically, rehabilitat…
Changing Existing Attitudes—A Dissonance Approach
Two studies test techniques for changing existing attitudes. The first employs dissonant information, ostensibly from peers, as a lever. The second exposes Ss to the situation on which baseline attitudes have been established. In the first study, the dissonance approach results in a significant mean attitude change. In the second study, the resistance to change is also predicted by Festinger's theory, i.e., to have perceived information different…
Birth Order, Sex, and Achievement Gain of Institutionalized Retardates
88 institutionalized retardates were dichotomized by sex and by two ordinal positions of birth, i.e., “first-born” and “later-born.” It was hypothesized that later-borns would improve more in academic achievement than first-borns over an academic year regardless of level of achievement. Also, it was hypothesized that females would improve more than males. The first hypothesis was supported, but no general sex differences were found. Results were …
Idiocy and Longevity
Evidence suggests that institutionalized idiots conform generally to the same pattern of longevity found among normals and that they do so under circumstances of assumed minimal stimulation
Idiocy and Longevity
Evidence suggests that institutionalized idiots conform generally to the same pattern of longevity found among normals and that they do so under circumstances of assumed minimal stimulation
Birth Order, Sex, and Achievement Gain of Institutionalized Retardates
88 institutionalized retardates were dichotomized by sex and by two ordinal positions of birth, i.e., “first-born” and “later-born.” It was hypothesized that later-borns would improve more in academic achievement than first-borns over an academic year regardless of level of achievement. Also, it was hypothesized that females would improve more than males. The first hypothesis was supported, but no general sex differences were found. Results were …
Note on Experience in Ability to Predict Retardates' Job Choice
A group of retardates ranked their preferences for six vocational situations. Three discriminable preference groups emerged. Three normal groups, attendants at a state institution, upper-division college students, and vocational rehabilitation counselors, ranked the same situations as they thought retardates would rate them. Analysis of the data suggested a hierarchy of ability to approximate the retardates' preferences, specifically, rehabilitat…
Changing Existing Attitudes—A Dissonance Approach
Two studies test techniques for changing existing attitudes. The first employs dissonant information, ostensibly from peers, as a lever. The second exposes Ss to the situation on which baseline attitudes have been established. In the first study, the dissonance approach results in a significant mean attitude change. In the second study, the resistance to change is also predicted by Festinger's theory, i.e., to have perceived information different…
Deprivation, reinforcement and peer support as work motivators
Scented surrogates
Differential Sensitivity of Profound Retardates to Adults' Steady Gaze
profoundly mentally retarded (PMR) represent a group whose pre-verbal status defies efforts to decipher their primitive communicative modes (Cleland & Alunan, 1969). Research on visual interaction suggests that children do demonstrate a degree of sensitivity to observation (Gibson & Pick, 1963), and in his extensive review of non-verbal modes of communication Duncan (1969) emphasizes the need for research focusing on the reactions of recipients o…
Unionization of institutions
Relative Effectiveness of Modeling and Verbal Instructions on Severe Retardates' Gross Motor Performance
Previous research utilizing modeling procedures with the severely retarded has used verbal instruction contiguous to imitation training. This study explored the relative efficacy of modeling and verbal instruction employed independently. The failure to achieve imitative learning under either treatment condition is consistent with the reported non-imitative status of this population. Methodological implications for modeling as a behavior modificat…
The Alabama decision
Ecology and Ordinality in Invention
A review of literature on environmental complexity, biographic works on inventors, and even the etymology of ecology (Greek oikos or house) generated the hypothesis that inventors, more than noninventors, would have spent a significant part of their lives in a 2-story home. Further, inventors would be overrepresented by firstborns. 544, i.e., 30% of the University of Texas faculty, responded to a brief questionnaire. Although analyses failed to u…
Operant Preferences for Male and Female Voices by Profoundly Retarded Males
Previous studies of preferences of the profoundly mentally retarded have indicated that complex visual stimuli are more effective in eliciting responses than are auditory or simple stimuli. Male and female voices were used to determine preference for voice. Profoundly retarded adults (mean Social Quotient of 11.7) were first exposed to a situation where button pressing resulted in either a 250- or a 2000-Hz tone and then to a situation in which a…
Psychology (12 obras) · Social Psychology (7 obras) · Social Psychology (7 obras) · Developmental psychology (6 obras) · Medicine (4 obras) · Cognitive psychology (3 obras) · Audiology (2 obras) · Autism Spectrum Disorder Research (2 obras) · Behavioral and Psychological Studies (2 obras) · Disability Education and Employment (2 obras)