Peter Gatrell
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 547006 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Peter Gatrell |
| NOMBRES | Peter |
| APELLIDO | Gatrell |
| FIRMA | GATRELL P |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Manchester |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5945-6868 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 75 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 63 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 73 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1980 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Inside and Outside the Archive
This article traces the research itinerary of the authors, beginning in the archives of UNHCR, the United Nations refugee agency. Engagement with holdings that had until recently remained beyond historians’ reach redirected their inquiries to focus on a UNHCR officer, Candida Toscani. Her professional trajectory offers insights into the role and conduct of UNHCR personnel in the postwar international refugee regime. Drawing on official documents,…
The ‘Refugee World’
In 1973 Sadruddin Aga Khan, the high commissioner of UNHCR, the UN refugee agency headquartered in Geneva, declared that refugees belonged to a ‘fourth world’. This article examines the implication of this term by tracing the ways in which UNHCR engaged with refugees and what refugees made of UNHCR in the quarter century following its inception in 1951. External observers of the ‘refugee world’, including British journalist Robert Kee, criticised…
Short Stories of Refugeedom
This article draws upon individual confidential case files compiled by the UN Office for Refugees (UNHCR) between 1951 and 1975 to examine its response to refugees who requested protection and to analyse policy and practice in Australia as a country of resettlement. Refugees who wrote complaining about conditions in Australia were deemed to be suffering from defects of “character.” Others faced the prospect of being removed on grounds that they p…
A history of displaced knowledge
My only address is this ship”
This article analyses the status and experiences of refugee seamen following the Second World War in the light of intervention by UNHCR, the United Nations Office for Refugees. UNHCR portrayed them as a distinct group of persons, mainly of East European origin, who wandered the globe without any right or expectation of being allowed to disembark and settle permanently. The 1951 UN Refugee Convention provided little protection, merely inviting sig…
Civil Wars and the Dialectic of Humanitarianism, 1914–1949
This response to Robert Gerwarth and Gwendal Piégais’s special issue on humanitarianism and civil wars in Europe has three parts. First, it aims to situate the authors’ findings in the broader context of what might be termed the ‘dialectic of humanitarianism’ – namely the reciprocal tendency of the violence of war, and notably civil war, and the mobilisation of humanitarian aid for its victims, to reinforce each other. Second, it considers in mor…
Return to the Motherland
Refugeedom
Although a crowded conceptual terrain characterizes the study of refugees in the modern world, this article makes a case for adopting the concept of refugeedom. Translated from the Russian-language term that entered the lexicon during World War I, "refugeedom" encapsulates the magnitude of population displacement and its consequences for policymaking, but crucially also suggests the manifestation of a distinct new human condition. Whereas other, …
Refugees and Economic Migrants
Exile, Asylum and Refugees in Modern European History
How not to hide decolonization
This short article responds to Ron Eyerman and Giuseppe Sciortino, eds, The Cultural Trauma of Decolonization: Colonial Returnees in the National Imagination (Palgrave Macmillan, 2020). The response considers the main themes of the book, including cultural trauma and the violence of decolonization. It suggests that these and other avenues of interest might benefit from including case studies that are missing here: German expellees, and colonial “…
What is refugee history, now
Refugee history at present lacks a conceptual framework, notwithstanding the proliferation of recent contributions that contribute to enlarging the field. Our article seeks to advance refugee history by drawing upon extensive research into historical case studies and proposing the framework of refugeedom. Refugeedom takes proper account of the states and other actors that defined the ‘refugee’ as a category and sought to manage refugees as figure…
Reckoning with refugeedom
This article outlines an agenda to relocate refugees to the centre of historical enquiry by recovering and analysing their voices, in the form of letters and petitions sent to authorities within the refugee regime. We adopt a comparative approach by using evidence from four distinct incarnations of the refugee regime: the League of Nations in interwar Europe; the early post-1945 era represented by the International Refugee Organization (IRO); the…
Raw Material
This article contributes to the emerging field of refugee history by inviting a consideration of the extensive holdings of the Records and Archives Division of the Geneva-based Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). It focuses on a sample of confidential case files created in the quarter-century following the launch of UNHCR to determine whether an individual was eligible for recognition and thus for protection and a…
Citizen Refugee
Uditi Sen’s excellent monograph, based on her 2009 doctoral dissertation, joins a large and growing list of scholarly books and articles devoted to the impact of government policy on refugees who were displaced in the aftermath of the Partition of India in 1947. The overall numbers are uncertain, but the likely range is between 11 and 18 million people. Sen’s focus is primarily on four million Bengali-speaking Hindu refugees who moved to West Ben…
Response to Jewell, Evan. (Re)moving the Masses
This response engages with Evan Jewell’s article on ‘Colonisation as Domestic Displacement in the Roman Republic’. It supports his argument about the relationship between the conduct of politics in the ancient world and the use of aquatic metaphors to target specific groups for displacement, adding that similar relationships unfolded in more recent times. His emphasis on ‘domestic displacement’ also resonates with twentieth-century projects that …
Western NGOs and Refugee Policy in the Twentieth Century
This article addresses the role played by Western non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in managing migration, with particular regard to refugees and refugee policy in the modern era. A commitment to the support and welfare of refugees has been a core component of the activity of many NGOs since the late nineteenth century. But this humanitarian purpose cannot be divorced from the prevailing refugee regime. The state acted as gatekeeper, determin…
Europe on the Move
This book addresses the unprecedented and overwhelming refugee crisis that the First World War unleashed in Europe. As the war came to an end a senior Red Cross official wrote ‘there were refugees everywhere: it was as if the entire world had to move or was waiting to move’. At least 14 million people were directly affected during the war. Europe on the move is the first attempt to understand their experiences and to establish the political, soci…
War, Refugeedom, Revolution
This article examines the refugee crisis in Russia in the era of war and revolution. It considers the historiography and the reasons for historiographical neglect; and asks questions about its political, social and cultural significance. The refugee crisis posed fundamental questions about the scope, purpose and outcomes of attempts to manage people who were on the move on an unprecedented scale and in an unforeseen manner. The article also asks …
The Nansen passport
Refugees and refugee studies
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French children under the Allied bombs, 1940–45
This book provides a unique perspective on the Allied bombing of France during the Second World War which killed around 57,000 French civilians. Using oral history as well as archival research, it provides an insight into children's wartime lives in which bombing often featured prominently, even though it has slipped out of French collective memory. The book compares three French towns with different experiences of bombing: Boulogne-Billancourt ,…
The making and breaking of Lithuania
The making and breaking of Lithuania: memory and modernity in the wake of war." European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire, 23(1-2), pp. 268–269
Boats in a storm
A Nation of Refugees. Russia’s Jews in World War 1
Refugees—What’s Wrong with History
This article outlines the current contours of refugee history and charts a way forward. It begins by asking what future historians will write about forced migration in and around the Mediterranean during 2015–16, and how such a history could entail ‘thinking through oceans’, not just the nation state. Noting the absence of refugees from mainstream historiography, the article traces a history of population displacement in the modern world that is …
Reckoning with refugeedom
This article outlines an agenda to relocate refugees to the centre of historical enquiry by recovering and analysing their voices, in the form of letters and petitions sent to authorities within the refugee regime. We adopt a comparative approach by using evidence from four distinct incarnations of the refugee regime: the League of Nations in interwar Europe; the early post-1945 era represented by the International Refugee Organization (IRO); the…
Refugees and Forced Migrants during the First World War
Although most informed observers anticipated a short war, the First World War lasted more than four years. European armies were expected to engage in military manoeuvres, without significant costs
Raw Material
This article contributes to the emerging field of refugee history by inviting a consideration of the extensive holdings of the Records and Archives Division of the Geneva-based Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). It focuses on a sample of confidential case files created in the quarter-century following the launch of UNHCR to determine whether an individual was eligible for recognition and thus for protection and a…
What is refugee history, now
Refugee history at present lacks a conceptual framework, notwithstanding the proliferation of recent contributions that contribute to enlarging the field. Our article seeks to advance refugee history by drawing upon extensive research into historical case studies and proposing the framework of refugeedom. Refugeedom takes proper account of the states and other actors that defined the ‘refugee’ as a category and sought to manage refugees as figure…
Introduction
This special issue of Contemporary European History is devoted to the impact of the two world wars on civilian population displacement in Europe. Each contributor has brought fresh material to bear on specific instances of involuntary migration that are either unfamiliar or poorly understood. The contributors seek to establish the origins of population displacement and the assistance provided by governments, non-government organisations and indiv…
Government, Industry, and Rearmament in Russia, 1900-1914
This book provides an economic historian's perspective on major questions that confront all students of Russian history: how stable were the economic and administrative structures of late-imperial Russia, and how well prepared was Russia for war in 1914? The decade following the Russo-Japanese War witnessed profound changes in the political system and in the industrial economy. The regime faced challenges to its authority from industrialists, cau…
The Nansen passport
The world-wide web of humanitarianism
Non-state organisations were important actors in the international refugee regime after the Second World War. This article traces connections between refugee crises and geo-politics by focusing on the interaction of three NGOs with the new Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in the 1950s. One non-state actor, the World Council of Churches (WCC), highlighted the suffering of German expellees as illustrating the limi…
Tsarist Russia at War
Refuge New Zealand
Ann Beaglehole draws on her personal experiences (she came to New Zealand as a young child following the Hungarian Revolution of 1956) as well as a lifetime's work in various fields, including as a
Population displacement in the baltic region in the twentieth century
This article explores how Baltic migration, and particularly the experience of forced migration, relates to broader comparative and methodological issues and debates in the emerging field of refugee history. Attention is given to the impact of two world wars and their aftermath in the Baltic, with particular emphasis on the ways in which refugees from the Baltic and elsewhere have related their experiences. The article concludes by drawing attent…
Refugees and Economic Migrants
Western NGOs and Refugee Policy in the Twentieth Century
This article addresses the role played by Western non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in managing migration, with particular regard to refugees and refugee policy in the modern era. A commitment to the support and welfare of refugees has been a core component of the activity of many NGOs since the late nineteenth century. But this humanitarian purpose cannot be divorced from the prevailing refugee regime. The state acted as gatekeeper, determin…
Displacing and Re-placing Population in the Two World Wars
During the twentieth century Armenia and Poland alike were sites of widespread population displacement, which brought into sharp focus arguments about national ‘survival’ advanced by patriotic leaders who found in refugees the embodiment of recurrent national suffering. Population displacement also attracted external support from sympathetic foreigners and from the Armenian and Polish diaspora, who regarded it as an affront to civilisation. Among…
Patents in Imperial Russia
Economic culture, economic policy and economic growth in Russia, 1861-1914
Peter Gatrell, Culture économique, politique économique et croissance économique en Russie, 1861-1914. La croissance économique rapide en Russie vers la fin de l'ancien régime était associée à l'action de cultures économiques, de perceptions et de modes de comportement différents. La culture de l'entreprise qui incarnait des notioas de récompense pour les risques pris par cette dernière contrastait nettement avec la culture bureaucratique, solide…
Peasant and Proletarian. The Working Class of Moscow in the Late Nineteenth Century
Transport in Western Siberia
The impact of war on Russian and Soviet development 1850–1950
Historians and Peasants
HISTORIANS AND PEASANTS: STUDIES OF MEDIEVAL ENGLISH SOCIETY IN A RUSSIAN CONTEXT* Peter Gatrell Peter Gatrell University of Manchester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar *I should like to thank members of the History Department at the University of Manchester for their comments on an earlier version of this article, and the third-year students who contributed to the course from which it derives. The detailed…
Industrial Expansion in Tsarist Russia, 1908-14
Entrepreneurship in Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union . Gregory Guroff , Fred V. Carstensen
Short notices
Ruth Kastner, Geistlicher Rauffhandel. Form und Funktion der illustrierten Flugblütter zum Reformationsjubiläum 1617 (1982), 421 (Verlag Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main, n.p.) (Clerical Rowdyism. Form and Function of the Illustrated Broadsheets for the Reformation Jubilee of 1617). Patrick Collinson, The Religion of Protestants. The Church in English Society 1559–1625 (1982), xiv+297 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, £17.50). Etienne François, Koblenz im 1…
The Tsarist Economy, 1850-1917
The Making of the Soviet System
Soviet Planning in Peace and War, 1938-1945
The Tsarist Economy 1850-1917
Russia's Age of Silver
After Tsushima
One Step Backwards, Two Steps Forward
Russian and Soviet Economic History
T he later Brezhnev years were a time of 'stagnation' in all aspects of Soviet life. Historical scholarship was no exception. The i980s, and indeed the I970s, were far from a golden age. Until the very end of the i980s, there was an absence of genuine debate among historians. Research and writing which had begun to blossom under the Khrushchev thaw went into decline. Fewer works of synthesis appeared, fewer documents were prepared for publication…
Bread and Justice
List of plates List of maps List of tables List of abbreviations Glossary Introduction: Part I. The City and Revolution: The end of the Imperial city Revolution and political responses An overview: key developments, 1917-1922 Pat II. Gaining Power: Weapons and Authority, October 1917 - August 1918 Coercion and crime Privileged Petrograd and electoral politics Factory and soviet elections Part III. Constructing a Workers' Government: Down in the d…
The Russian and Soviet economies in two world wars
Shorter Notices
SHORTER NOTICES PETER GATRELL PETER GATRELL University of Manchester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CIX, Issue 430, February 1994, Pages 223-a–223, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CIX.430.223-a Published: 01 February 1994
Economic culture, economic policy and economic growth in Russia, 1861-1914
Peter Gatrell, Culture économique, politique économique et croissance économique en Russie, 1861-1914. La croissance économique rapide en Russie vers la fin de l'ancien régime était associée à l'action de cultures économiques, de perceptions et de modes de comportement différents. La culture de l'entreprise qui incarnait des notioas de récompense pour les risques pris par cette dernière contrastait nettement avec la culture bureaucratique, solide…
Ethnicity and Empire in Russia's borderland history
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
An Economic History of Russia from Emancipation to the First Five-Year Plan
Constitutional Russia’
Patents in Imperial Russia
Government, Industry and Rearmament in Russia, 1900-1914
Government, Industry, and Rearmament in Russia, 1900-1914
This book provides an economic historian's perspective on major questions that confront all students of Russian history: how stable were the economic and administrative structures of late-imperial Russia, and how well prepared was Russia for war in 1914? The decade following the Russo-Japanese War witnessed profound changes in the political system and in the industrial economy. The regime faced challenges to its authority from industrialists, cau…
Political science (62 obras) · Law (43 obras) · History (41 obras) · Sociology (32 obras) · Refugee (29 obras) · Law (22 obras) · Economic history (20 obras) · Economics (20 obras) · Politics (20 obras) · History (19 obras)