Patrick Stewart
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 5655544 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Patrick Stewart |
| NOMBRES | Patrick |
| APELLIDO | Stewart |
| FIRMA | STEWART P |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Arkansas at Fayetteville |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9929-1087 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 34 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 98 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 34 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1995 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
The Political Functions of Smiles by Kamala Harris and Donald J. Trump During the 2024 Presidential Debate
Smiles are arguably the most primal of political activities. By signaling largely prosocial intent, they lubricate social interactions, providing the basis for group formation and interpersonal expectations. However, smiles are not monolithic behaviors. They can be characterized by the muscles involved, how strongly they are contracted, and their timing. Furthermore, context influences both the likelihood of smiles occurring and how they are inte…
Follower Expectations Regarding the Functions of Smiles During the 2024 Presidential Election Reflect Political Identity
Smiles are not monolithic behaviors; they function in multiple ways by signaling affiliative intent, in turn lubricating the social interactions that provide the basis for group formation and maintenance. While smiles may be characterized by the muscles involved, how strongly they are contracted, and their timing, context influences both the likelihood of specific types of smiles occurring and how they are interpreted while serving the social fun…
Coalitional Utility of Formidable Men as a Function of Perceived Humor Styles
Perceivers use men's facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) in coalitional decision-making, weighing the costs and benefits associated with formidable men based upon this cue. Nonetheless, inferences of coalitional utility remain multimodal. Interpersonal signals connoting affiliative intent could implicate formidable men as valuable when otherwise seen as liabilities in these coalitional processes. This study considers this possibility with a repli…
Narratives in the nascent policy subsystem of AI biometrics
The Biden administration requested comments regarding "Public and Private Sector Uses of Biometric Technologies" in the Federal Register from October 2021 to January 2022. This generated 130 responses, helped shape the "Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights," and resulted in Executive Order 14110 on "Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence." While the Trump administration immediately rescinded this executive orde…
The influence of President Trump’s micro-expressions during his Covid-19 national address on viewers’ emotional response
This preregistered study replicates and extends studies concerning emotional response to wartime rally speeches and applies it to U.S. President Donald Trump's first national address regarding the COVID-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020. We experimentally test the effect of a micro-expression (ME) by Trump associated with appraised threat on change in participant self-reported distress, sadness, anger, affinity, and reassurance while controlling for …
Computer games, trust, and immediacy
Emotional response to U.K. political party leader facial displays of affiliation, reward, and ambiguity during Brexit
Objective On December 12, 2019, the United Kingdom's ruling Conservative Party called an election that put the country's 2016 “Brexit” referendum on leaving the European Union to the test. The divisive campaign and a polarized electorate culminated in large losses by opposition Labour and Liberal Democratic parties. Amid a polarized electorate, lingering questions arise as to whether the election results reflect more upon partisan ties or the res…
In Memoriam
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the 'Save PDF' action button
Psychophysiology, cognition, and political differences
We introduce the Politics and the Life Sciences special issue on Psychophysiology, Cognition, and Political Differences. This issue represents the second special issue funded by the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences that adheres to the Open Science Framework for registered reports (RR). Here pre-analysis plans (PAPs) are peer-reviewed and given in-principle acceptance (IPA) prior to data being collected and/or analyzed, and are publi…
Outcome-based dissonance and Morton's Fork
The present research investigates outcome-based dissonance in the 2016 U.S. Presidential election, a context where a significant number of citizens had unfavorable opinions of both candidates. When one is faced with a choice between two unfavorable alternatives, the outcome will be the same (i.e., unfavorable) regardless of the choice. This dilemma of having multiple alternatives leading to the same unfavorable outcome is known as Morton's Fork. …
Disgust and political attitudes
A bstract We introduce the Politics and the Life Sciences Special Issue on Disgust and Political Attitudes discussing the importance of understanding state and trait disgust, the innovative and transparent process by which registered reports and preregistered studies were chosen and funded, and the manuscripts that make up this special issue. This essay concludes by discussing future research directions in disgust and political attitudes, as well…
Visual Priming and Framing During the 2020 Democratic Presidential Debates
The 2020 Democratic presidential primary debates provide a unique opportunity to systematically evaluate network visual production choices in a multicandidate context. The joint decision of the Democratic National Committee and NBC to include an expansive field of twenty contenders through “prime-time” debates on consecutive nights (June 26 and 27, 2019) provided for a natural experiment with equal numbers of top- and second-tier candidates rando…
Games-based trust
Measures of social capital such as trust have been declining in America for the better part of a century, while an influx of racial and ethnic diversity has apparently quickened the decline. Direct interactions with diversity still contribute to feelings of trust, only demographic differences now prevent the requisite contact from occurring. New means of creating shared experiences have thus become more vital, and the present study tests the valu…
Does Predisposition Toward Disgust Affect Emotional Response to Political Leaders? Evidence from the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election
Objective We explore the effects of trait disgust sensitivity and induced disgust on emotional response to political leaders. We assert that disgust sensitivity, especially in response to pathogen‐based stimuli (e.g., insects, feces, and vomit), will affect an individual's interaction with his or her political environment, including political leaders. Methods We analyze the effect of individual predispositions in response to stimuli indicating th…
The Personalization of Campaigns
Nonverbal cues are important elements of persuasive communication whose influence in political debates are receiving renewed attention. Recent advances in political debate research have been driven by biologically grounded explanations of behavior that draw on evolutionary theory and view televised debates as contests for social dominance. The application of biobehavioral coding to televised presidential debates opens new vistas for investigating…
Visual Presentation Style 1
This study explores whether visual presentation style (i.e., camera shot variation) may influence perceptions of Presidential candidates during televised debates. In a field experiment, 341 randomly assigned college students viewed or listened to one of seven broadcast network or cable/satellite channel conditions during the first televised Presidential debate between Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton and Republican nominee Donald Trump. A feeli…
Visual Presentation Style 2
A field experiment was conducted to analyze the third and final 2016 presidential debate. Randomly assigned participants watched the debate in the format of mainly solo camera shots that alternate between the candidates (i.e., switched feed), or with both candidates framed side-by-side on screen (i.e., split screen feed). Though viewer feelings of positivity toward the candidates did not differ, visual presentation style had a significant effect …
Please Clap”
The 2016 Republican Party presidential primary debates were unprecedented in the amount of media and public interest they generated. Substantially driven by curiosity about reality television celebrity Donald Trump, the initial debates hosted by FOX News and CNN both reflected and validated interest in his candidacy while proffering attention to a full slate of more traditional presidential contenders in front of boisterous audiences. This study …
Party cohesion in presidential races
Scholars have long been examining the presidential nomination process in the United States. In addition to studies considering the selection mechanism itself, there has been a movement towards analysing the contest even before voting begins. Campaign finance allows for a reliable and valid means to examine the year prior to the nomination with data that are not just vast in quantity but also consistent across time. Donors who gave to multiple cam…
The Invisible Hands of Political Parties in Presidential Elections
This book looks at networks of individual donors during early stages of presidential primary electons to determine party unity. It directly challenges the commonly-held perception that a "divisive" pr
The two cultures of ‘biopolitics’
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Interpreting President Barack Obama's Facial Displays of Emotion
Charismatic presidents like John F. Kennedy, Ronald Reagan, and now Barack Obama have been able to overcome stereotype‐based barriers to political power by connecting emotionally with viewers, particularly through their nonverbal skills. In this study we focus on the facial displays of emotion by President Obama and how participants interpret them. This study builds upon the pioneering research of the Dartmouth Group concerning response to displa…
The Political Geography of Campaign Finance
In fundraising, potential candidates who do not collect sizable amounts of “early money” may be effectively eliminated even before the start of the Iowa Caucus. This winnowing raises concern about the impact money has on narrowing the field of candidates from whom voters can choose. To better grasp patterns of successful fundraising, we explore where candidates obtain funds during the preprimary and primary periods. We use individual contribution…
Laughter on the 2008 campaign trail
Humor has long been an important tool for presidential candidates on the campaign trail by humanizing them while endearing them to their constituents. While this humor may reduce the chasm between candidate and voter while establishing the candidates' personal qualities and enhancing prestige, it can also be used as a tool to attack and denigrate opponents both within and outside the candidate's political party. The laughter that occurs can also …
The influence of self- and other-deprecatory humor on presidential candidate evaluation during the 2008 US election
This study considers the effect of participants' evaluation of self-deprecatory and other-deprecatory (attack) humorous comments made by presidential candidates Barack Obama and John McCain during the 2008 electoral season. Humor, by evoking laughter in an audience, provides evidence of support for competitors for a leadership position through social contagion, and can be used to attack competitors ( Alexander, 1986 ) while sanctioning behavior a…
A Defining Presidential Moment
Public approval ratings of George W. Bush surged after the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks. This study used a quasi–experimental, within–respondents design to investigate the relative contribution of five factors to this classic rally effect: the stimulus event itself, Bush’s speech that evening, media exposure, partisan support, and gender effects. Respondents were pretested on the morning of the attacks; one group was posttested immediately…
Inventing Britain
‘One of the difficulties facing the archaeologist when trying to use the evidence of ancient writers is to know when that writer (historian or otherwise) is relating fact, and when he is merely involved with “topoi” – the stock literary descriptions or situations inseparable from history as rhetoric’.In defining this problem, J.C. Mann is thinking specifically about Tacitus' references to Britain. He presents a constructive warning to those who r…
Interpreting President Barack Obama's Facial Displays of Emotion
Charismatic presidents like John F. Kennedy, Ronald Reagan, and now Barack Obama have been able to overcome stereotype‐based barriers to political power by connecting emotionally with viewers, particularly through their nonverbal skills. In this study we focus on the facial displays of emotion by President Obama and how participants interpret them. This study builds upon the pioneering research of the Dartmouth Group concerning response to displa…
The Personalization of Campaigns
Nonverbal cues are important elements of persuasive communication whose influence in political debates are receiving renewed attention. Recent advances in political debate research have been driven by biologically grounded explanations of behavior that draw on evolutionary theory and view televised debates as contests for social dominance. The application of biobehavioral coding to televised presidential debates opens new vistas for investigating…
The influence of self- and other-deprecatory humor on presidential candidate evaluation during the 2008 US election
This study considers the effect of participants' evaluation of self-deprecatory and other-deprecatory (attack) humorous comments made by presidential candidates Barack Obama and John McCain during the 2008 electoral season. Humor, by evoking laughter in an audience, provides evidence of support for competitors for a leadership position through social contagion, and can be used to attack competitors ( Alexander, 1986 ) while sanctioning behavior a…
Party cohesion in presidential races
Scholars have long been examining the presidential nomination process in the United States. In addition to studies considering the selection mechanism itself, there has been a movement towards analysing the contest even before voting begins. Campaign finance allows for a reliable and valid means to examine the year prior to the nomination with data that are not just vast in quantity but also consistent across time. Donors who gave to multiple cam…
Laughter on the 2008 campaign trail
Humor has long been an important tool for presidential candidates on the campaign trail by humanizing them while endearing them to their constituents. While this humor may reduce the chasm between candidate and voter while establishing the candidates' personal qualities and enhancing prestige, it can also be used as a tool to attack and denigrate opponents both within and outside the candidate's political party. The laughter that occurs can also …
Does Predisposition Toward Disgust Affect Emotional Response to Political Leaders? Evidence from the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election
Objective We explore the effects of trait disgust sensitivity and induced disgust on emotional response to political leaders. We assert that disgust sensitivity, especially in response to pathogen‐based stimuli (e.g., insects, feces, and vomit), will affect an individual's interaction with his or her political environment, including political leaders. Methods We analyze the effect of individual predispositions in response to stimuli indicating th…
Visual Presentation Style 1
This study explores whether visual presentation style (i.e., camera shot variation) may influence perceptions of Presidential candidates during televised debates. In a field experiment, 341 randomly assigned college students viewed or listened to one of seven broadcast network or cable/satellite channel conditions during the first televised Presidential debate between Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton and Republican nominee Donald Trump. A feeli…
Please Clap”
The 2016 Republican Party presidential primary debates were unprecedented in the amount of media and public interest they generated. Substantially driven by curiosity about reality television celebrity Donald Trump, the initial debates hosted by FOX News and CNN both reflected and validated interest in his candidacy while proffering attention to a full slate of more traditional presidential contenders in front of boisterous audiences. This study …
Emotional response to U.K. political party leader facial displays of affiliation, reward, and ambiguity during Brexit
Objective On December 12, 2019, the United Kingdom's ruling Conservative Party called an election that put the country's 2016 “Brexit” referendum on leaving the European Union to the test. The divisive campaign and a polarized electorate culminated in large losses by opposition Labour and Liberal Democratic parties. Amid a polarized electorate, lingering questions arise as to whether the election results reflect more upon partisan ties or the res…
Visual Priming and Framing During the 2020 Democratic Presidential Debates
The 2020 Democratic presidential primary debates provide a unique opportunity to systematically evaluate network visual production choices in a multicandidate context. The joint decision of the Democratic National Committee and NBC to include an expansive field of twenty contenders through “prime-time” debates on consecutive nights (June 26 and 27, 2019) provided for a natural experiment with equal numbers of top- and second-tier candidates rando…
Visual Presentation Style 2
A field experiment was conducted to analyze the third and final 2016 presidential debate. Randomly assigned participants watched the debate in the format of mainly solo camera shots that alternate between the candidates (i.e., switched feed), or with both candidates framed side-by-side on screen (i.e., split screen feed). Though viewer feelings of positivity toward the candidates did not differ, visual presentation style had a significant effect …
Taking the “Low Road” with Subliminal AdvertisementsA Study Testing the Effect of Precognitive Prime “Rats” in a 2000 Presidential Advertisement
Despite extensive research successfully using subliminals to affect individual attitudes, public understanding and public policy response reflect a lack of awareness of their effectiveness.This article attempts to redress this by presenting findings concerning the effectiveness of one class of subliminal stimuli, precognitive primes. It then considers the effect of the controversial “RATS” subliminal political advertisement. Here the term “RATS” …
Regulating the New Agricultural Biotechnology by Managing Innovation Diffusion
After 15 years of promise, the new agricultural biotechnology is now being planted in farmers’fields and is found in America’s food supply. Taken together with the promise of reduced pesticide use and the resulting healthier environment, the adoption and proper management of this technology, as well as public acceptance of it, is highly important for its continued use. This article considers objective attributes and subjective factors in the adop…
Federal Uncertainty or Inconsistency? Releasing the New Agricultural-Environmental Biotechnology Into the Fields
This article reviews the regulation of the new agricultural-environmental biotechnology and recent changes in the regulatory framework in the United States. Regulations put in place in the mid-1980s were established due to concern over potential risks posed by products not yet released into the environment. Now that over a thousand small-scale field trials have been carried out and various new agricultural-environmental biotechnology products hav…
Inventing Britain
‘One of the difficulties facing the archaeologist when trying to use the evidence of ancient writers is to know when that writer (historian or otherwise) is relating fact, and when he is merely involved with “topoi” – the stock literary descriptions or situations inseparable from history as rhetoric’.In defining this problem, J.C. Mann is thinking specifically about Tacitus' references to Britain. He presents a constructive warning to those who r…
Federal Uncertainty or Inconsistency? Releasing the New Agricultural-Environmental Biotechnology Into the Fields
This article reviews the regulation of the new agricultural-environmental biotechnology and recent changes in the regulatory framework in the United States. Regulations put in place in the mid-1980s were established due to concern over potential risks posed by products not yet released into the environment. Now that over a thousand small-scale field trials have been carried out and various new agricultural-environmental biotechnology products hav…
Regulating the New Agricultural Biotechnology by Managing Innovation Diffusion
After 15 years of promise, the new agricultural biotechnology is now being planted in farmers’fields and is found in America’s food supply. Taken together with the promise of reduced pesticide use and the resulting healthier environment, the adoption and proper management of this technology, as well as public acceptance of it, is highly important for its continued use. This article considers objective attributes and subjective factors in the adop…
A Defining Presidential Moment
Public approval ratings of George W. Bush surged after the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks. This study used a quasi–experimental, within–respondents design to investigate the relative contribution of five factors to this classic rally effect: the stimulus event itself, Bush’s speech that evening, media exposure, partisan support, and gender effects. Respondents were pretested on the morning of the attacks; one group was posttested immediately…
Chromium‐Based Regulations Applicable to Metal Finishing Industries in the United States
This article seeks to briefly evaluate the context behind the development of regulations related to chromium pollution control in metal finishing industries. The available evidence suggests the possibility of elevation of the issue to the agenda for agency rule‐making, and subsequent implementation can occur even in the absence of focusing events. Based on historical evidence, this article illustrates that gradual accumulation of knowledge of har…
Taking the “Low Road” with Subliminal AdvertisementsA Study Testing the Effect of Precognitive Prime “Rats” in a 2000 Presidential Advertisement
Despite extensive research successfully using subliminals to affect individual attitudes, public understanding and public policy response reflect a lack of awareness of their effectiveness.This article attempts to redress this by presenting findings concerning the effectiveness of one class of subliminal stimuli, precognitive primes. It then considers the effect of the controversial “RATS” subliminal political advertisement. Here the term “RATS” …
Public Perceptions of Benefits from and Worries over Plant‐Made Industrial Products and Plant‐Made Pharmaceuticals
Although agricultural biotechnology has been a seminal reference point in risk perception studies, public awareness of their exposure to risk deriving from this new technology has been minimal at best. However, recent events indicate there may be growing public concern as new variations of this technology appear. Understanding what drives perceptions of benefits from the third generation of the agricultural biotechnology and what determines publi…
Subliminals in the 2000 Presidential Election
The controversial RATS commercial was aired during the 2000 presidential election campaign. It used a subliminal stimulus to attack Al Gore's Medicare plan and influence viewers in favor of George W. Bush's plan. This paper summarizes what scientific research has learned about subliminal stimuli, analyzes the RATS ad in depth to determine the intent of its producers, estimates the number of viewers exposed to the ad, and discusses its effect on t…
Taking leaders at face value
Research investigating the influence and character of nonverbal leader displays has been carried out in a systematic fashion since the early 1980s, yielding growing insight into how viewers respond to the televised facial display behavior of politicians. This article reviews the major streams of research in this area by considering the key ethological frameworks for understanding dominance relationships between leaders and followers and the role …
The influence of self- and other-deprecatory humor on presidential candidate evaluation during the 2008 US election
This study considers the effect of participants' evaluation of self-deprecatory and other-deprecatory (attack) humorous comments made by presidential candidates Barack Obama and John McCain during the 2008 electoral season. Humor, by evoking laughter in an audience, provides evidence of support for competitors for a leadership position through social contagion, and can be used to attack competitors ( Alexander, 1986 ) while sanctioning behavior a…
The Political Geography of Campaign Finance
In fundraising, potential candidates who do not collect sizable amounts of “early money” may be effectively eliminated even before the start of the Iowa Caucus. This winnowing raises concern about the impact money has on narrowing the field of candidates from whom voters can choose. To better grasp patterns of successful fundraising, we explore where candidates obtain funds during the preprimary and primary periods. We use individual contribution…
Laughter on the 2008 campaign trail
Humor has long been an important tool for presidential candidates on the campaign trail by humanizing them while endearing them to their constituents. While this humor may reduce the chasm between candidate and voter while establishing the candidates' personal qualities and enhancing prestige, it can also be used as a tool to attack and denigrate opponents both within and outside the candidate's political party. The laughter that occurs can also …
The Invisible Hands of Political Parties in Presidential Elections
This book looks at networks of individual donors during early stages of presidential primary electons to determine party unity. It directly challenges the commonly-held perception that a "divisive" pr
The two cultures of ‘biopolitics’
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Interpreting President Barack Obama's Facial Displays of Emotion
Charismatic presidents like John F. Kennedy, Ronald Reagan, and now Barack Obama have been able to overcome stereotype‐based barriers to political power by connecting emotionally with viewers, particularly through their nonverbal skills. In this study we focus on the facial displays of emotion by President Obama and how participants interpret them. This study builds upon the pioneering research of the Dartmouth Group concerning response to displa…
Party cohesion in presidential races
Scholars have long been examining the presidential nomination process in the United States. In addition to studies considering the selection mechanism itself, there has been a movement towards analysing the contest even before voting begins. Campaign finance allows for a reliable and valid means to examine the year prior to the nomination with data that are not just vast in quantity but also consistent across time. Donors who gave to multiple cam…
Please Clap”
The 2016 Republican Party presidential primary debates were unprecedented in the amount of media and public interest they generated. Substantially driven by curiosity about reality television celebrity Donald Trump, the initial debates hosted by FOX News and CNN both reflected and validated interest in his candidacy while proffering attention to a full slate of more traditional presidential contenders in front of boisterous audiences. This study …
Visual Presentation Style 1
This study explores whether visual presentation style (i.e., camera shot variation) may influence perceptions of Presidential candidates during televised debates. In a field experiment, 341 randomly assigned college students viewed or listened to one of seven broadcast network or cable/satellite channel conditions during the first televised Presidential debate between Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton and Republican nominee Donald Trump. A feeli…
Visual Presentation Style 2
A field experiment was conducted to analyze the third and final 2016 presidential debate. Randomly assigned participants watched the debate in the format of mainly solo camera shots that alternate between the candidates (i.e., switched feed), or with both candidates framed side-by-side on screen (i.e., split screen feed). Though viewer feelings of positivity toward the candidates did not differ, visual presentation style had a significant effect …
The Personalization of Campaigns
Nonverbal cues are important elements of persuasive communication whose influence in political debates are receiving renewed attention. Recent advances in political debate research have been driven by biologically grounded explanations of behavior that draw on evolutionary theory and view televised debates as contests for social dominance. The application of biobehavioral coding to televised presidential debates opens new vistas for investigating…
Does Predisposition Toward Disgust Affect Emotional Response to Political Leaders? Evidence from the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election
Objective We explore the effects of trait disgust sensitivity and induced disgust on emotional response to political leaders. We assert that disgust sensitivity, especially in response to pathogen‐based stimuli (e.g., insects, feces, and vomit), will affect an individual's interaction with his or her political environment, including political leaders. Methods We analyze the effect of individual predispositions in response to stimuli indicating th…
Outcome-based dissonance and Morton's Fork
The present research investigates outcome-based dissonance in the 2016 U.S. Presidential election, a context where a significant number of citizens had unfavorable opinions of both candidates. When one is faced with a choice between two unfavorable alternatives, the outcome will be the same (i.e., unfavorable) regardless of the choice. This dilemma of having multiple alternatives leading to the same unfavorable outcome is known as Morton's Fork. …
Disgust and political attitudes
A bstract We introduce the Politics and the Life Sciences Special Issue on Disgust and Political Attitudes discussing the importance of understanding state and trait disgust, the innovative and transparent process by which registered reports and preregistered studies were chosen and funded, and the manuscripts that make up this special issue. This essay concludes by discussing future research directions in disgust and political attitudes, as well…
Visual Priming and Framing During the 2020 Democratic Presidential Debates
The 2020 Democratic presidential primary debates provide a unique opportunity to systematically evaluate network visual production choices in a multicandidate context. The joint decision of the Democratic National Committee and NBC to include an expansive field of twenty contenders through “prime-time” debates on consecutive nights (June 26 and 27, 2019) provided for a natural experiment with equal numbers of top- and second-tier candidates rando…
Games-based trust
Measures of social capital such as trust have been declining in America for the better part of a century, while an influx of racial and ethnic diversity has apparently quickened the decline. Direct interactions with diversity still contribute to feelings of trust, only demographic differences now prevent the requisite contact from occurring. New means of creating shared experiences have thus become more vital, and the present study tests the valu…
Political science (25 obras) · Psychology (24 obras) · Politics (23 obras) · Law (22 obras) · Presidential system (17 obras) · Social Psychology (17 obras) · Sociology (12 obras) · Law (11 obras) · Computer Science (10 obras) · Social Psychology (9 obras)