William MacLeod
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 5787809 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | William MacLeod |
| NOMBRES | William |
| APELLIDO | MacLeod |
| FIRMA | MACLEOD W |
| AFILIACIONES | Boston University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8003-8874 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 14 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 10 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 14 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1987 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Record linkage without patient identifiers
Linkage between health databases typically requires patient identifiers such as names and personal identification numbers. We developed and validated a record linkage strategy to combine administrative health databases without identifiers for South Africa’s public sector HIV program. We linked CD4 counts and HIV viral loads from South Africa’s TIER.Net with the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) database for patients receiving care between…
Complexity of Adherence Challenges
The fall—And rise—In hospital-based care for people with HIV in South Africa
ART scale-up has reduced HIV mortality in South Africa. However, less is known about trends in hospital-based HIV care, which is costly and may indicate HIV-related morbidity. We assessed trends in hospital-based HIV care using the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) National HIV Cohort. Our study included all adults ≥18 years receiving care in South Africa’s public sector HIV program from 2004 to 2017 with at least one CD4 count/viral load…
Derivation and validation of a novel risk assessment tool to identify children aged 2–59 months at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality in 20 countries
INTRODUCTION: Existing risk assessment tools to identify children at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality have shown suboptimal discriminatory value during external validation. Our objective was to derive and validate a novel risk assessment tool to identify children aged 2-59 months at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality across various settings. METHODS: We used primary, baseline, patient-level data from 11 studies, incl…
Importance of breastfeeding and complementary feeding for management and prevention of childhood diarrhoea in low- and middle-income countries
Background: Early and exclusive breastfeeding have been shown to protect young infants from all-cause and diarrhoea-related mortality. Ideally breastfeeding should be initiated within the first hour of birth. Despite efforts to increase rates of early and exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), challenges with uptake remain. This analysis reviews trends in early and exclusive breastfeeding, and the impact of infant fe…
Assembling a global database of child pneumonia studies to inform WHO pneumonia management algorithm
Background: The existing World Health Organization (WHO) pneumonia case management guidelines rely on clinical symptoms and signs for identifying, classifying, and treating pneumonia in children up to 5 years old. We aimed to collate an individual patient-level data set from large, high-quality pre-existing studies on pneumonia in children to identify a set of signs and symptoms with greater validity in the diagnosis, prognosis, and possible trea…
External validation of the Risc, Risc-Malawi, and PERCH clinical prediction rules to identify risk of death in children hospitalized with pneumonia
BACKGROUND: Existing scores to identify children at risk of hospitalized pneumonia-related mortality lack broad external validation. Our objective was to externally validate three such risk scores. METHODS: We applied the Respiratory Index of Severity in Children (RISC) for HIV-negative children, the RISC-Malawi, and the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) scores to hospitalized children in the Pneumonia REsearch Partnerships to …
Impact of mobile health-enhanced supportive supervision and supply chain management on appropriate integrated community case management of malaria, diarrhoea, and pneumonia in children 2-59 months
BACKGROUND: Despite progress made over the past twenty years, child mortality remains high, with 5.3 million children under five years having died in 2018 globally. Pneumonia, diarrhoea, and malaria remain among the commonest causes of under-five mortality; contributing 15%, 8%, and 5% of global mortality respectively. Recent evidence shows that integrated community case management (iCCM) of pneumonia, diarrhoea, and malaria can reduce under-five…
Facilitators and Barriers to Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Retention in Care Among Adolescents Living with HIV/Aids in Zambia
Second-hand smoke exposure and household smoking bans in Chinese families
As workplace smoking restrictions spread, smoking in the home is becoming the predominant source of exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) among children and other non-smokers in the household. This study explored issues around children's exposure to SHS. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDI) were conducted among 31 Chinese households in urban Shanghai, China. All FGDs/IDIs were audio recorded and analysed thematically. The fi…
Availability and utilization of malaria prevention strategies in pregnancy in eastern India
A disconnect remains between routine antenatal practices in India and known strategies to prevent and treat malaria in pregnancy. Prevention strategies, in particular the use of insecticide-treated bednets, are underutilized. Gaps highlighted by this study combined with recent estimates of the prevalence of malaria during pregnancy in these areas should be used to revise governmental policy and target increased educational efforts among health ca…
Women and Education
Strategic Behaviour and Industrial Competition
The economics of industrial organization is undergoing major change and development. New methods of analysis are forcing a substantial rethink of the causes, nature, and effects of competitive behaviour. Traditional views are being reconsidered and replaced by different perspectives; empirical relationships are being reinterpreted; and important implications for anti-trust and industrial policies are being derived from the new approaches. The 12 …
Competition, Tacit Collusion and Free Entry
Journal Article Competition, Tacit Collusion and Free Entry Get access W. B. MacLeod, W. B. MacLeod Queen's University and CORE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Norman, G. Norman University of Leicester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.-F. Thisse J.-F. Thisse CORE, University Catholique de Louvain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google S…
Women and Education
Competition, Tacit Collusion and Free Entry
Journal Article Competition, Tacit Collusion and Free Entry Get access W. B. MacLeod, W. B. MacLeod Queen's University and CORE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Norman, G. Norman University of Leicester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.-F. Thisse J.-F. Thisse CORE, University Catholique de Louvain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google S…
Second-hand smoke exposure and household smoking bans in Chinese families
As workplace smoking restrictions spread, smoking in the home is becoming the predominant source of exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) among children and other non-smokers in the household. This study explored issues around children's exposure to SHS. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDI) were conducted among 31 Chinese households in urban Shanghai, China. All FGDs/IDIs were audio recorded and analysed thematically. The fi…
Competition, Tacit Collusion and Free Entry
Journal Article Competition, Tacit Collusion and Free Entry Get access W. B. MacLeod, W. B. MacLeod Queen's University and CORE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Norman, G. Norman University of Leicester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.-F. Thisse J.-F. Thisse CORE, University Catholique de Louvain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google S…
Women and Education
Strategic Behaviour and Industrial Competition
The economics of industrial organization is undergoing major change and development. New methods of analysis are forcing a substantial rethink of the causes, nature, and effects of competitive behaviour. Traditional views are being reconsidered and replaced by different perspectives; empirical relationships are being reinterpreted; and important implications for anti-trust and industrial policies are being derived from the new approaches. The 12 …
Availability and utilization of malaria prevention strategies in pregnancy in eastern India
A disconnect remains between routine antenatal practices in India and known strategies to prevent and treat malaria in pregnancy. Prevention strategies, in particular the use of insecticide-treated bednets, are underutilized. Gaps highlighted by this study combined with recent estimates of the prevalence of malaria during pregnancy in these areas should be used to revise governmental policy and target increased educational efforts among health ca…
Second-hand smoke exposure and household smoking bans in Chinese families
As workplace smoking restrictions spread, smoking in the home is becoming the predominant source of exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) among children and other non-smokers in the household. This study explored issues around children's exposure to SHS. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDI) were conducted among 31 Chinese households in urban Shanghai, China. All FGDs/IDIs were audio recorded and analysed thematically. The fi…
Facilitators and Barriers to Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Retention in Care Among Adolescents Living with HIV/Aids in Zambia
Impact of mobile health-enhanced supportive supervision and supply chain management on appropriate integrated community case management of malaria, diarrhoea, and pneumonia in children 2-59 months
BACKGROUND: Despite progress made over the past twenty years, child mortality remains high, with 5.3 million children under five years having died in 2018 globally. Pneumonia, diarrhoea, and malaria remain among the commonest causes of under-five mortality; contributing 15%, 8%, and 5% of global mortality respectively. Recent evidence shows that integrated community case management (iCCM) of pneumonia, diarrhoea, and malaria can reduce under-five…
External validation of the Risc, Risc-Malawi, and PERCH clinical prediction rules to identify risk of death in children hospitalized with pneumonia
BACKGROUND: Existing scores to identify children at risk of hospitalized pneumonia-related mortality lack broad external validation. Our objective was to externally validate three such risk scores. METHODS: We applied the Respiratory Index of Severity in Children (RISC) for HIV-negative children, the RISC-Malawi, and the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) scores to hospitalized children in the Pneumonia REsearch Partnerships to …
Derivation and validation of a novel risk assessment tool to identify children aged 2–59 months at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality in 20 countries
INTRODUCTION: Existing risk assessment tools to identify children at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality have shown suboptimal discriminatory value during external validation. Our objective was to derive and validate a novel risk assessment tool to identify children aged 2-59 months at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality across various settings. METHODS: We used primary, baseline, patient-level data from 11 studies, incl…
Importance of breastfeeding and complementary feeding for management and prevention of childhood diarrhoea in low- and middle-income countries
Background: Early and exclusive breastfeeding have been shown to protect young infants from all-cause and diarrhoea-related mortality. Ideally breastfeeding should be initiated within the first hour of birth. Despite efforts to increase rates of early and exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), challenges with uptake remain. This analysis reviews trends in early and exclusive breastfeeding, and the impact of infant fe…
Assembling a global database of child pneumonia studies to inform WHO pneumonia management algorithm
Background: The existing World Health Organization (WHO) pneumonia case management guidelines rely on clinical symptoms and signs for identifying, classifying, and treating pneumonia in children up to 5 years old. We aimed to collate an individual patient-level data set from large, high-quality pre-existing studies on pneumonia in children to identify a set of signs and symptoms with greater validity in the diagnosis, prognosis, and possible trea…
The fall—And rise—In hospital-based care for people with HIV in South Africa
ART scale-up has reduced HIV mortality in South Africa. However, less is known about trends in hospital-based HIV care, which is costly and may indicate HIV-related morbidity. We assessed trends in hospital-based HIV care using the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) National HIV Cohort. Our study included all adults ≥18 years receiving care in South Africa’s public sector HIV program from 2004 to 2017 with at least one CD4 count/viral load…
Record linkage without patient identifiers
Linkage between health databases typically requires patient identifiers such as names and personal identification numbers. We developed and validated a record linkage strategy to combine administrative health databases without identifiers for South Africa’s public sector HIV program. We linked CD4 counts and HIV viral loads from South Africa’s TIER.Net with the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) database for patients receiving care between…
Complexity of Adherence Challenges
Medicine (10 obras) · Environmental health (7 obras) · Nursing (5 obras) · Public health (5 obras) · Family medicine (4 obras) · Internal Medicine (4 obras) · Pediatrics (4 obras) · Computer Science (3 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (3 obras) · Intensive care medicine (3 obras)